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"Richard Woodward"
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Adapting myoelectric control in real-time using a virtual environment
Pattern recognition technology allows for more intuitive control of myoelectric prostheses. However, the need to collect electromyographic data to initially train the pattern recognition system, and to re-train it during prosthesis use, adds complexity that can make using such a system difficult. Although experienced clinicians may be able to guide users to ensure successful data collection methods, they may not always be available when a user needs to (re)train their device.
Here we present an engaging and interactive virtual reality environment for optimal training of a myoelectric controller. Using this tool, we evaluated the importance of training a classifier actively (i.e., moving the residual limb during data collection) compared to passively (i.e., maintaining the limb in a single, neutral orientation), and whether computational adaptation through serious gaming can improve performance.
We found that actively trained classifiers performed significantly better than passively trained classifiers for non-amputees (P < 0.05). Furthermore, collecting data passively with minimal instruction, paired with computational adaptation in a virtual environment, significantly improved real-time performance of myoelectric controllers.
These results further support previous work which suggested active movements during data collection can improve pattern recognition systems. Furthermore, adaptation within a virtual guided serious game environment can improve real-time performance of myoelectric controllers.
Journal Article
Human body : a visual encyclopedia
Presents comprehensive information on the human body, covering such topics as the musculoskeletal system, immunology, digestion and nutrition, the human life cycle, the nervous system, and the respiratory system-- Source other than Library of Congress.
Book
Teprotumumab for Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy
In patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, responses to treatment are rare and usually minor. Teprotumumab, an antibody to the insulin-like growth factor I receptor, led to significant responses in 69% of patients and to decreased proptosis.
Medical therapies for moderate-to-severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (Graves’ orbitopathy) that have proved to be effective and safe in adequately powered, prospective, placebo-controlled trials are lacking. This unmet need is due to the incompletely understood pathogenesis of the disease.
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Current treatments are inconsistently beneficial and often associated with side effects, and their modification of the ultimate disease outcome is uncertain.
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Previous clinical trials, which were rarely placebo-controlled, suggest that high-dose glucocorticoids, alone
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or with radiotherapy,
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can reduce inflammation-related signs and symptoms in patients with active ophthalmopathy. However, glucocorticoids and orbital radiotherapy minimally affect proptosis and can cause dose-limiting adverse . . .
Journal Article
A coupled recreational anglers' decision and fish population dynamics model
The effective management of fish populations requires understanding of both the biology of the species being managed and the behavior of the humans who harvest those species. For many marine fisheries, recreational harvests represent a significant portion of the total fishing mortality. For such fisheries, therefore, a model that captures the dynamics of angler choices and the fish population would be a valuable tool for fisheries management. In this study, we provide such a model, focusing on red drum and spotted seatrout, which are the two of the main recreational fishing targets in the Gulf of Mexico. The biological models are in the form of vector autoregressive models. The anglers' decision model takes the discrete choice approach, in which anglers first decide whether to go fishing and then determine the location to fish based on the distance and expected catch of two species of fish if they decide to go fishing. The coupled model predicts that, under the level of fluctuation in the abundance of the two species experienced in the past 35 years, the number of trips that might be taken by anglers fluctuates moderately. This fluctuation is magnified as the cost of travel decreases because the anglers can travel long distance to seek better fishing conditions. On the other hand, as the cost of travel increases, their preference to fish in nearby areas increases regardless of the expected catch in other locations and variation in the trips taken declines. The model demonstrates the importance of incorporating anglers' decision processes in understanding the changes in a fishing effort level. Although the model in this study still has a room for further improvement, it can be used for more effective management of fish and potentially other populations.
Journal Article
Segmenting Mechanomyography Measures of Muscle Activity Phases Using Inertial Data
Electromyography (EMG) is the standard technology for monitoring muscle activity in laboratory environments, either using surface electrodes or fine wire electrodes inserted into the muscle. Due to limitations such as cost, complexity, and technical factors, including skin impedance with surface EMG and the invasive nature of fine wire electrodes, EMG is impractical for use outside of a laboratory environment. Mechanomyography (MMG) is an alternative to EMG, which shows promise in pervasive applications. The present study used an exerting squat-based task to induce muscle fatigue. MMG and EMG amplitude and frequency were compared before, during, and after the squatting task. Combining MMG with inertial measurement unit (IMU) data enabled segmentation of muscle activity at specific points: entering, holding, and exiting the squat. Results show MMG measures of muscle activity were similar to EMG in timing, duration, and magnitude during the fatigue task. The size, cost, unobtrusive nature, and usability of the MMG/IMU technology used, paired with the similar results compared to EMG, suggest that such a system could be suitable in uncontrolled natural environments such as within the home.
Journal Article
The Impact of Exogenous Pollution on Green Innovation
Does environmental quality affect firms’ activities that might improve that quality? In this paper, we use China's public heating policy as a quasi-experiment to investigate the impact of exogenous pollution differences on green innovation behavior. We use a regression discontinuity model, and carry out a suite of robustness tests. We consistently find that firms located in cities with an exogenous source of heavy pollution tend to adopt green innovation at a lower rate while we find no difference in the rate at which they adopt non-green innovation. We find a strong causal effect: being north of the boundary, where pollution levels are higher, leads firms to adopt less green innovation. Firms located in the heating areas report roughly 1 less green innovation per billion RMB of assets, a substantial difference given the average number of green innovations per billion RMB of assets of northern firms is 0.641.
Journal Article
Effects of Policy for Controlling Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in China: From a Perspective of Regional and Policy Measures Differences
The concerns about the contradiction between agricultural production and Agricultural Non-Point (ANPS) pollution has become increased with economic development in China. Government interventions are key to controlling ANPS pollution through the establishment of laws and policies. This paper uses the entropy method to calculate the emissions amount of ANPS pollution and policy strength of 31 provinces from 2010 to 2019 in China. The dynamic panel data model with system generalized moment is used to estimate the impacts of policies with different measures on ANPS pollution emission. According to our findings, China's policies have been helpful in controlling ANPS pollution though there are important regional differences. Moreover, four types of policy measures all contribute to the reduction in ANPS pollution. These findings improve our understanding of the relationship between policies and ANPS pollution in the analyzed period, thus providing support for the formulation of pollution management strategies in the next stage.
Journal Article
Spillover Effects of Grocery Bag Legislation: Evidence of Bag Bans and Bag Fees
We investigate the unintended consequences of carryout grocery bag (CGB) regulations by looking at the impact on sales of alternative plastic bag products. We extend the literature by studying two types of CGB regulations, bag bans and bag fees. Using retail scanner data and employing a general synthetic control method, we find that both types of CGB regulations are associated with significantly higher plastic trash bag sales. We estimate that CGB regulations lead to an average increase in purchased plastics of 127 pounds per store per month, ranging from 30 to 135 (37–224) pounds for 4-gallon (8-gallon) trash bags. These results confirm previous findings on bag bans and provide new evidence on bag fees. In general, the effects do not differ across CGB regulations, but some heterogeneity exists. Our results highlight unintentional spillover effects of narrowly targeted policies on other unregulated waste.
Journal Article