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"Ashcroft, Bill"
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إدوارد سعيد : سيرة فكرية
يركز مؤلفا الكتاب، الصادر مؤخرا عن دار الرافدين والذي ترجمه سهيل نجم، على محاولات سعيد المضنية لإعادة الاعتبار لصورة المثقف التي تعرضت بفعل (فاعل) للاهتزاز والتشويه. فقد دأبت السلطات الحاكمة في غرب ما بعد الكولونيالية على عزل المثقفين عن أي دور سياسي واجتماعي تغييري، مشجعة فكرة الناقد والمثقف المتخصص وعبادة الخبرة الاحترافية والإنتاج المعرفي المحض. ولقد واجه سعيد بكل قواه محاولة حصر المثقفين في محترفات أكاديمية منعزلة تماما عن حركة المجتمعات وعن الحياة التي تدور في الخارج، بحيث (تخلى النقد المعاصر عن جمهوره من مواطني المجتمع الحديث الذين تركوا بين أيدي قوى السوق الحرة والشركات المتعددة الجنسيات) وإذ يحاول المفكر المنخرط أكثر فأكثر في قضايا شعبه الفلسطيني الإفادة من تفكيكية فوكو ومن مقولة غرامشي حول المثقف العضوي، يأخذ على البنيوية بالمقابل عزلها للنصوص عن سياقها التاريخي ودلالاتها الاجتماعية ويوسع من جهة أخرى هامش الحرية المتروك للمبدعين المشتغلين في قضايا الأدب والفن وجماليات التعبير ولما كان حقل النقد عنده ليس منحصرا بتطوير النظريات الأسلوبية والأدبية بل هو في الوقت ذاته انشغال سياسي واجتماعي، فهو يلخص اقتراحه على النقد بمصطلح دنيوية الناقد The worldliness of the Critic، حيث إن من واجب هذا الأخير أن يخترق البنية الدلالية للنص بحثا عما يشغل النصوص من انهمام بالعالم وقضايا البشر ومعارضة قوى الهيمنة والاستحواذ : وهو لا يمكن أن ينجح تماما إلا في ظل علاقة تفاعلية وإيجابية بين النص والقارئ والناقد. وسعيد المغرم بابتكار المصطلحات يطرح فكرة الناقد (الهاوي) بدلا من الناقد الاحترافي، لا بالمعنى التسطيحي للمفردة بل بمعنى الشغف الدائم بالبحث عن الحقيقة بدلا من اليقين الفظ بامتلاكها.
BOOK
Edward Said and the Post-Colonial
Post-Colonial Studies has undergone a meteoric rise in the past decade in literature departments throughout the world. The aim of this series is to open up various horizons in the field: to encourage the development of post-colonial theory and practice in a wider spread of disciplinary approaches; to promote conceptual innovation in the study of post-colonial discourse in general; and to provide a venue for the entry of new perspectives. Many post-colonialisms have emerged in actual practice in recent times, but the fundamental thing they share is an interest in the ways in which colonized people all over the world have engaged colonialism, and a desire to analyze the effects of this engagement in contemporary cultural life. While the predominant interest has been in the legacy of the British Empire this series encourages the practical application of post-colonial theory into other European and non-European forms of colonialism, to investigate the ways in which the investigation of post-colonial discourse may illuminate present global cultural relations.
eBook
دراسات ما بعد الكولونيالية : المفاهيم الرئيسية
يقع موضوع دراسات ما بعد الكولونيالية في نقطة التقاطع بين النقاشات الدائرة حول العرق والكولونيالية والجندر (النوع) والسياسة واللغة. ففي لغة دراسات ما بعد الكولونيالية، هناك بعض الكلمات الجديدة والبعض الآخر مألوف بيد أنه مشحون ومحمل بمعان جديدة. يمثل هذا الكتاب مفتاحا أساسيا لاستيعاب الموضوعات التي تميز ما بعد الكولونيالية، حيث يشرح ماهيتها والمواطن التي يمكن أن تتجلى فيها وعلة أهميتها في تشكيل الهويات الثقافية الجديدة.
BOOK
Post-Colonial Studies: The Key Concepts
This hugely popular A-Z guide provides a comprehensive overview of the issues which characterize post-colonialism: explaining what it is, where it is encountered and the crucial part it plays in debates about race, gender, politics, language and identity.
For this third edition over thirty new entries have been added including:
Cosmopolitanism
Development
Fundamentalism
Nostalgia
Post-colonial cinema
Sustainability
Trafficking
World Englishes.
Post-Colonial Studies: The Key Concepts remains an essential guide for anyone studying this vibrant field.
Bill Ashcroft teaches at the University of NSW, Gareth Griffiths at the University of Western Australia and Helen Tiffin at the University of New England. They are the editors of The Post Colonial Studies Reader and the authors of The Empire Writes Back , both published by Routledge.
Introduction List of Key Concepts KEY CONCEPTS Bibliography Name Index Subject Index
eBook
Australia: Transnational or transnation?
In his examination of world literature, 'National Literatures, Scale and the Problem of the World,' Robert Dixon borrows the concept of scale from geography and asks, 'What is the appropriate scale for the study of literature?' (Dixon, 'National' 1). Once we introduce the concept of scale into literary studies other questions arise. Is it inevitable to think of Australian literature at the scale of the nation? At what scale does an Australian novel ask to be read? Part of the problem here is the assumption that space itself is a given, something that is 'simply there,' when in fact, space is constructed epistemologically by social actors. Referring to geographer Neil Brenner, who critiques both nation-centred theories and the theories of globalisation, Dixon repeats Brenner's exposure of three implicit scalar assumptions in the epistemology of state or nation-centrism, 'each of which is a fallacy':
(a) [that] space [i]s a static platform of social action that is not itself constituted or modified socially; (b)... that social relations are organized within territorially self-enclosed spatial containers; and (c)... that social relations are organized at a national scale... (Brenner 3).
Journal Article
Constitution Hill : memory, ideology and utopia
The opening of the Constitutional Court on the 21st March 2004 in Johannesburg was an eventful national day, because, built on the site of the notorious Number 4 prison, the Court symbolized the intention to build a just future out of the memory of oppression. The incorporation of existing prison buildings and materials in the new court building reinforced the discourse of rebuilding and reconciliation that was to characterise the new nation state. As a text the building yields a broader and paradoxical meaning, for the utopian vision of a just future rests in a building in the service of state ideology. This is a paradox because ideology and utopia are regarded as opposites - ideology legitimates the present while utopia critiques it with a vision of a transformed future. However the building demonstrates a feature of ideology that Marxist philosopher Ernst Bloch first revealed: that all ideology has a utopian element because without it, no \"spiritual surplus, no idea of a better world would be possible.\" This essay reads the building to show both the function of memory in visions of the future, and the function of utopia in ideology, while using Bloch's theory to interpret the utopian function of the building.
Journal Article
David Malouf and the poetics of possibility
In 'The Great World' when Mr Warrender rises to make a speech at Vic and Ellie's wedding, he recites instead, to surprise and some consternation, a poem of his own. This event marks his own rite of passage from an incompetent businessman into the writer he was meant to be. But the poem also captures the place of poetry, and in a wider sense the function of all art and literature in the human imagination: Beyond never-death into ever after, being
In love with what is always out of reach:
The all, the ever-immortal and undying
Word beyond word that breathes through mortal speech.
Journal Article
Australia as the Antipodal Utopia
Australia has a fascinating history of visions. As the antipode to Europe, the continent provided a radically different and uniquely fertile ground for envisioning places, spaces and societies. Australia as the Antipodal Utopia evaluates this complex intellectual history by mapping out how Western visions of Australia evolved from antiquity to the modern period. It argues that because of its antipodal relationship with Europe, Australia is imagined as a particular form of utopia – but since one person's utopia is, more often than not, another's dystopia, Australia's utopian quality is both complex and highly ambiguous. Drawing on the rich field of utopian studies, Australia as the Antipodal Utopia provides an original and insightful study of Australia's place in the Western imagination.
eBook
Beyond the Nation: the Mobility of Indian Literature
This paper argues that while it is generally accepted that contemporary Indian literature entered a decisive, cosmopolitan and globally popular phase with the publication of Midnight’s Children in 1981, this period actually demonstrated a continuation of deep skepticism about nationalism that had originated with Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi. The three decades after 1981 have revealed a literature whose mobility and energy has had perhaps a greater impact on English literature than any other. The argument is that this mobility goes hand in hand with skepticism about nation and nationalism that has had a pronounced impact on the perception of the globalization of literature. Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things (1997), Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss (2006), Aravind Adiga’s The White Tiger (2008) and Hari Kunzru’s Transmission (2004) sketch the trajectory of the contemporary novel’s extension of Midnight Children’s subversion of the grand narrative of nation. Three of these share the status of Rushdie’s novel as a Booker Prize winner and indicating that the impact of India’s nationalist skepticism has been felt globally.
Partiendo de la aceptación generalizada de que la publicación de Midnight’s Children en 1981 anunció la entrada de la literatura india contemporánea en una fase decisiva, cosmopolita y popular a nivel mundial, este artículo sostiene que este nuevo período literario debe considerarse una continuación de un escepticismo profundo hacia el nacionalismo cuyos orígenes residen en Rabindranath Tagore y Mahatma Gandhi. Durante las tres décadas transcurridas después de 1981, ha surgido una literatura cuya movilidad y energía posiblemente haya ejercido un impacto más significativo en la literatura en lengua inglesa que en cualquier otra literatura en otra lengua. La justificación de este artículo se basa en el hecho de que tal movilidad no puede separarse del escepticismo hacia la nación y el nacionalismo y que tal susceptibilidad es lo que ha determinado la actual percepción de la globalización de la literatura. The God of Small Things (1997) de Arundhati Roy, The Inheritance of Loss (2006) de Kiran Desai, The White Tiger (2008) de Aravind Adiga y Transmission (2004) de Hari Kunzru esbozan la trayectoria de la novela contemporánea en su condición de prolongación subversiva de la gran narrativa de la nación iniciada por Midnight Children. Tres de estas novelas comparten con Rushdie el estatus de haber ganado el premio Booker, lo cual indica que el impacto del escepticismo nacionalista indio se ha experimentado a nivel global.
Journal Article
border and bordering
Border and Bordering: Politics, Poetics, Precariousness focuses on the idea of border and its various geopolitical, sociocultural, and cognitive incarnations.In recent times, border has emerged as a common trope in contemporary language with phenomena such as bordering, borderless, building borders, breaking borders, crossing borders, porous.
eBook