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(1) Aim: This study aims to analyze the in vitro infiltration of a silicate root canal sealer into dentinal tubules after using different endodontic irrigating solutions. (2) Methods: Twenty-nine teeth with single roots were separated into three groups according to the final irrigation protocol: G1 n = 10) = 17% EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) + 3.0% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), G2 (n = 10) = 17% EDTA + 2.0% chlorhexidine and G3 (Control group, n = 9) = 17% EDTA + saline solution. Root canals were filled using cold lateral compaction technique with MTA Fillapex sealer and gutta-percha. The sealer was labeled with rhodamine B. The teeth were segmented at the middle and third apical sections, which were visualized using 10× confocal laser microscopy to determine the sealer penetration percentage. (3) Results: In the apical section, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups regarding sealer penetration. In the middle section, Group 1 obtained the highest percentage, and Group 2 the lowest (p = 0.004). Group 1 also presented statistically significant differences in the Control Group (p = 0.031) and had close sealer penetration values. Meanwhile, the Control Group (p = 0.023) and Group 2 (p = 0.029) revealed a significant decrease of sealer penetration between the apical and middle sections. (4) Conclusion: The obtained results support that final irrigation with NaOCl promoted similar sealer penetration in the apical and middle sections. On the other hand, a significant decrease in the sealer penetration of the middle section was observed for the chlorhexidine and saline groups. Compared to other irrigant solutions, NaOCl promotes more uniform sealer penetration, which can correlate with better sealing and, consequently, higher endodontic treatment success.

Air embolism is a rare and life-threatening event that occurs when air enters the cardiovascular system, usually secondary to iatrogenic vascular procedures. We present a 58-year-old woman who underwent a dental procedure (devitalization of a tooth) under local anesthesia, with a sudden onset of coma during manipulation and documentation of air in the vessels of the right frontal convexity sulci. After cerebral air embolism was confirmed, she received hyperbaric oxygen therapy, with resorption of the gas, but clinically she developed a super-refractory status epilepticus with a persistent coma. The slow clinical course required the exclusion of other etiologies of coma. The pathophysiology is not well known; however, it appears to be related to the injection of air by the high-speed dental drill through the soft tissue adjacent to the roots of the teeth, nearby the bloodstream. We highlight this event because of this unlikely association, which may delay diagnosis and the good results of hyperbaric medicine on prognosis.

Introduction: The main objectives of endodontic therapy are the complete removal of residual pulpal tissue, the elimination of bacteria from the root canal system and the prevention of recontamination after the treatment that could lead to unsuccessful outcomes. Chemical irrigants such as Sodium Hypochlorite or Chlorhexidine are needed to aid in the debridement of the root canals. Furthermore, the use of chelating agents has been advocated. Sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules could influence the sealing ability of the root filling considering that an increase of the contact surface between dentin and filling material is accompanied by an improvement of sealability. Additionally, sealer penetration can contribute to an antimicrobial effect in the tubules. In search for endodontic sealers that combined the ideal properties, new materials have been proposed such as MTA Fillapex.Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the percentage of sealer penetration into dentinal tubules using different endodontic irrigating solutions under in vitro conditions.Methods: twenty-nine extracted human single-rooted teeth were divided into 3 groups according to the main irrigating solution used: (1) the Sodium Hypochlorite group: 3,0% Sodium Hypochlorite + 17% Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, (2) the Chlorhexidine group: 2,0% Chlorhexidine + 17% Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and (3) the Control group: Saline Solution + 17% Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. All teeth were obturated using cold lateral condensation technique with gutta-percha and MTA Fillapex sealer labeled with rhodamine B. The teeth were sectioned at the apical and middle thirds. Total percentage of sealer penetration was measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy.Results: The Kruskal-Wallis analysis results showed that there was no significant difference in the percentage of sealer penetration among all groups in all sections (p < 0,05). The Group G1 and the Control Group obtained a higher mean percentage of sealer penetration in the apical section (Graphic 4). The Group G2 obtained a higher mean percentage of sealer penetration in the middle section.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that there appears to be no significant difference in the percentage of sealer penetration between the irrigants tested, when smear layer was removed with 17% EDTA (p = 0.05).

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly pathogenic virus that affects dogs, especially puppies. CPV is believed to have evolved from feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), eventually giving rise to three antigenic types, CPV-2a, 2b, and 2c. CPV-2 is recognized for its resilience in contaminated environments, ease of transmission among dogs, and pathogenicity for puppies. Despite the relevance of the virus, complete genome sequences of CPV available at GenBank, to date, are scarce. In the current study, we have developed a methodology to allow the recovery of complete CPV-2 genomes directly from clinical samples. For this, seven fecal samples from Gurupi, Tocantins, North Brazil, were collected from puppies with clinical signals of viral enteritis, and submitted to viral DNA isolation and amplification. Two multiplex PCR strategies were designed including primers targeting fragments of 400 base pairs (bp) and 1,000 bp along the complete genome. Sequencing was performed with the Nanopore® technology and results obtained with the two approaches were compared. Genome assembly revealed that the 400 bp amplicons generated larger numbers of reads, allowing a more reliable coverage of the whole genome than those attained with primers targeting the larger (1000 bp) amplicons. Nevertheless, both enrichment methodologies were efficient in amplification and sequencing. Viral genome sequences were of high quality and allowed more precise typing and subtyping of viral genomes compared to the commonly employed strategy relying solely on the analysis of the VP2 region, which is limited in scope. The CPV-2 genomes recovered in this study belong to the CPV2a and CPV-2c subtypes, closely related to isolates from the neighboring Amazonian region. In conclusion, the technique reported here may contribute to increase the number of full CPV genomes available, which is essential for understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying the evolution and spread of CPV-2.Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly pathogenic virus that affects dogs, especially puppies. CPV is believed to have evolved from feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), eventually giving rise to three antigenic types, CPV-2a, 2b, and 2c. CPV-2 is recognized for its resilience in contaminated environments, ease of transmission among dogs, and pathogenicity for puppies. Despite the relevance of the virus, complete genome sequences of CPV available at GenBank, to date, are scarce. In the current study, we have developed a methodology to allow the recovery of complete CPV-2 genomes directly from clinical samples. For this, seven fecal samples from Gurupi, Tocantins, North Brazil, were collected from puppies with clinical signals of viral enteritis, and submitted to viral DNA isolation and amplification. Two multiplex PCR strategies were designed including primers targeting fragments of 400 base pairs (bp) and 1,000 bp along the complete genome. Sequencing was performed with the Nanopore® technology and results obtained with the two approaches were compared. Genome assembly revealed that the 400 bp amplicons generated larger numbers of reads, allowing a more reliable coverage of the whole genome than those attained with primers targeting the larger (1000 bp) amplicons. Nevertheless, both enrichment methodologies were efficient in amplification and sequencing. Viral genome sequences were of high quality and allowed more precise typing and subtyping of viral genomes compared to the commonly employed strategy relying solely on the analysis of the VP2 region, which is limited in scope. The CPV-2 genomes recovered in this study belong to the CPV2a and CPV-2c subtypes, closely related to isolates from the neighboring Amazonian region. In conclusion, the technique reported here may contribute to increase the number of full CPV genomes available, which is essential for understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying the evolution and spread of CPV-2.

O plano de estudos do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Faculdade de Farmácia contempla a realização de um estágio em farmácia aberta ao público no decurso ou no fim da formação teórica e prática.O presente relatório tem como propósito, através da análise SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) dar a conhecer quais foram os pontos fortes e fracos do estágio realizado, bem como as oportunidades e ameaças evidenciadas no decorrer do mesmo.A realização do estágio curricular é de extrema importância ao ser o primeiro contacto que o estagiário, enquanto estudante finalista do curso de Ciências Farmacêuticas, tem com o exercício da atividade farmacêutica, no âmbito da farmácia comunitária. Desta forma, competências como autonomia, sociabilidade, iniciativa, espirito de equipa e integração são rapidamente adquiridas e postas em prática.O estágio com início a 4 de abril e término a 22 de julho de 2016 decorreu na Farmácia Santa Isabel, sobre a orientação da farmacêutica Dr.ª Ana Margarida Vaz.A escolha da farmácia teve em conta a realização prévia de um estágio de verão nessa mesma farmácia, onde desde dessa altura foram dadas a conhecer as qualidades de todos os trabalhadores enquanto profissionais prestadores de cuidados farmacêuticos, mas sobretudo onde foram reconhecidos valores como a notável capacidade de integrar e orientar os estagiários, o bom ambiente e a boa disposição constante e o espírito de empreendedorismo.Durante as 660 horas realizadas, todos os conhecimentos teóricos relativos aos cinco anos de ensinamentos prestados pela Faculdade de Farmácia foram finalmente aplicados.História da farmáciaA farmácia Santa Isabel fundada em 1956 conheceu até à data apenas duas direçõestécnica, a da Dr.ª Maria Margarida Pereira e a da Dr.ª Ana Baptista, que assumiu a direção técnica em maio de 2012.Caracterização da FarmáciaA fachada exterior da farmácia é envidraçada tendo a forma de três arcos, onde os arcos laterais englobam as duas montras e o arco central abrange a porta da farmácia (anexo 1). A farmácia possui dois andares, encontrando-se no R/C a zona de atendimento ao público com três balcões apropriadamente equipados, o espaço de trabalho interno onde se realiza a receção e armazenamento de medicamentos, o escritório da Diretora-Técnica, as instalações sanitárias e um pequeno espaço de prestação de serviços. O primeiro andar é composto por alguns lineares de armazenamento e pelo gabinete de atendimento personalizado, onde se realizam serviços de saúde como o acompanhamento nutricional e de podologia.Os MNSRM e outros produtos, como os dispositivos médicos, encontram-se nas gavetas deslizantes no espaço interno da farmácia e atrás dos balcões de atendimento, estando devidamente inacessíveis aos utentes. Na zona de atendimento existem vários lineares cuja arrumação resulta da categorização em espaço veterinário, puericultura, produtos para emagrecimento, cuidados capilares, dermocosmética e podologia, assim como sapatos ortopédicos.

Face à atual crise socio-económica ocidental, cada vez mais as empresas procuram ganhar vantagem competititiva através da implementação de uma produção flexível e adaptável às voláteis necessidades do mercado globalizado atual.Desde a implementação do TPS (Toyota Production System) no Japão, têm surgido várias metodologias e filosofias que visam a implementação de uma produção “puxada” pelas necessidades dos clientes. Entre elas, o Lean aparece como uma cultura operacional que visa a aproximação da performanceprodutiva das empresas aos requisitos dos seus clientes através da redução de desperdícios, isto é, tudo o que não acrescenta valor ao produto final.Neste contexto, o presente relatório procura encontrar fatores chave que condicionam o sucesso da implementação Leanem qualquer organização, seja esta de carácter industrial ou de serviços. Para além disso, neste documento é discutida a aplicabilidade de algumas ferramentas Lean nos diferentes ambientes produtivos.Assim, este documento começa com uma revisão bibliográfica que fornece uma breve definição de Lean e onde são apresentados os princípios que o suportam, algumas das ferramentas utilizadas e as implicações que um projeto Leanpode ter numa organização.Seguidamente são apresentados os três casos de implementação Lean em três empresas diferentes, onde são analisados os problemas operacionais encontrados e discutidas as soluções Leanimplementadas e, se for caso disso, possíveis soluções futuras.Por fim, o documento termina com as conclusões gerais tendo em conta as ferramentas usadas nos diferentes meios empresariais e onde são discutidos os fatores chave de sucesso de uma implementação Leanque se revelaram comuns aos casos de estudo apresentados.

Alternative models for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) are typically assessed using traditional error metrics, such as root mean square error (RMSE), which may not be sufficient to select the best model for irrigation scheduling purposes. Thus, this study analyzes the performance of the original and calibrated Hargreaves-Samani (HS), Romanenko (ROM) and Jensen-Haise (JH) equations, initially assessed using traditional error metrics, for use in irrigation scheduling, considering the simulation of different irrigation intervals/time scales. Irrigation scheduling was simulated using meteorological data collected in Viçosa-MG and Mocambinho-MG, Brazil. The Penman-Monteith FAO-56 equation was used as benchmark. In general, the original equations did not perform well to estimate ETo, except the ROM and HS equations used at Viçosa and Mocambinho, respectively. Calibration and the increase in the time scale provided performance gains. When applied in irrigation scheduling, the calibrated HS and JH equations showed the best performances. Even with greater errors in estimating ETo, the calibrated HS equation performed similarly or better than the calibrated JH equation, as it had errors with greater potential to be canceled during the soil water balance. Finally, in addition to using error metrics, the performance of the models throughout the year should be considered in their assessment. Furthermore, simulating the application of ETo models in irrigation scheduling can provide valuable information for choosing the most suitable model.

Obesity is characterized by an adipose tissue mass expansion that presents a risk to health, associated with a chronic increase in circulating inflammatory mediators. Anti-inflammatory agents are an obesity alternative treatment. However, the lack of effective agents indicates the need to assess the mechanisms and identify effective therapeutic targets. The present work identified and described the mechanisms of action of anti-inflammatory agents in adipose tissue in experimental studies. The review was registered in the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO—CRD42020182897). The articles’ selection was according to eligibility criteria (PICOS). The research was performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, VHL, and EMBASE. The methodological quality evaluation was assessed using SYRCLE. Initially, 1511 articles were selected, and at the end of the assessment, 41 were eligible. Among the anti-inflammatory agent classes, eight drugs, 28 natural, and five synthetic compounds were identified. Many of these anti-inflammatory agents act in metabolic pathways that culminate in the inflammatory cytokines expression reduction, decreasing the macrophages infiltration in white and adipose tissue and promoting the polarization process of type M1 to M2 macrophages. Thus, the article clarifies and systematizes these anti-inflammatory agents’ mechanisms in adipose tissue, presenting targets relevant to future research on these pathways.

Background Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are the two main mental disorders with unknown etiology that significantly impact individuals’ quality of life. The potential pro-inflammatory role in their pathogenesis is postulated and Human Endogenous Retrovirus W (HERV-W) is an emerging candidate to modulate this pathogenic finding. HERVs, ancient retroviruses in the human genome, may play roles in inflammation and disease pathogenesis. Despite HERVs’ involvement in autoimmune diseases, their influence on mental disorders remains underexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the level of HERV-W-env expression and the systemic inflammatory profile through the concentration of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and INF-γ cytokines in BD and SZ patients. Results All participants showed HERV-W-env expression, but its expression was higher in mental disorder patients ( p  < 0.01) than in control. When separated, SZ individuals exhibited higher HERV-W expression than the control group ( p  < 0.01). Higher serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were found in BD ( p  = 0.0001 and p  = 0.001, respectively) and SZ ( p  = 0.01) and p  = 0.01, respectively) than in the control group, while SZ showed decreased levels IFN-γ and IL-2 as compared to controls ( p  = 0.05) and BD patients ( p  = 0.05), respectively. Higher TNF-α/IL-4 and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios, and lower IFN-γ/IL-10 were observed in BD and SZ patients than controls. Significant negative correlation between HERV-W-env expression and IL-10 ( r =-0.47 p  < 0.05), as well as positive correlations between HERV-W-env expression and TNF-α/IL-10 or IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios ( r  = 0.48 p  < 0.05 and r  = 0.46 p  < 0.05, respectively) were found in BD patients. Conclusion These findings suggest not only a potential link between HERV-W-env expression both in BD and SZ, but also a possible involvement of systemic inflammatory status in BD patients.

Cellulose acetate (CA) is a semi-synthetic polymer widely present in modern and contemporary collections, yet its conservation poses major challenges due to its chemical and physical instability. Hydrolytic degradation, acetic acid release, plasticizer loss, and embrittlement compromise both structure and surface, making cleaning particularly difficult. Conventional cleaning methods may cause abrasion, extract additives, or alter gloss. Although hydrogels have shown promise for CA cleaning, the literature remains extremely limited. This study reports a preliminary investigation of gel-based cleaning on Le Rituel (1968), a heavily soiled cellulose acetate (CA) artwork by José Escada. The object’s condition was assessed through visual inspection, pH measurements, volatile acidity testing, and infrared spectroscopy. Cleaning tests were conducted on a CA replica (2006) with superficial soiling and on selected artwork areas. Two gel formulations were evaluated: the biopolymer agar-agar rigid gel and the synthetic viscoelastic poly(vinyl alcohol)-borax (PVAl-Borax) gel. Agar-agar was effective as a first step, reducing superficial soiling and humidifying adherent residues for subsequent removal, while PVAl-Borax was advantageous in the second step, as its viscoelastic properties enabled controlled mechanical action and facilitated the removal of more adherent residues. This case study demonstrates the potential of combined gel systems as versatile tools for CA conservation.