Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
42
result(s) for
"Fryxell, Glen E"
Sort by:
Environmental applications of nanomaterials : synthesis, sorbents and sensors
This book is concerned with functional nanomaterials, materials containing specific, predictable nanostructures whose chemical composition or interfacial structure enables them to perform a specific job: to destroy, sequester, or detect some material that constitutes an environmental threat.
Book
Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Lead and Other Toxic Heavy Metals: The Next Generation of Personal Exposure Biomonitors
To support the development and implementation of biological monitoring programs, we need quantitative technologies for measuring xenobiotic exposure. Microanalytical based sensors that work with complex biomatrices such as blood, urine, or saliva are being developed and validated and will improve our ability to make definitive associations between chemical exposures and disease. Among toxic metals, lead continues to be one of the most problematic. Despite considerable efforts to identify and eliminate Pb exposure sources, this metal remains a significant health concern, particularly for young children. Ongoing research focuses on the development of portable metal analyzers that have many advantages over current available technologies, thus potentially representing the next generation of toxic metal analyzers. In this article, we highlight the development and validation of two classes of metal analyzers for the voltammetric detection of Pb, including: a) an analyzer based on flow injection analysis and anodic stripping voltammetry at a mercury-film electrode, and b) Hg-free metal analyzers employing adsorptive stripping voltammetry and novel nanostructure materials that include the self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports and carbon nanotubes. These sensors have been optimized to detect Pb in urine, blood, and saliva as accurately as the state-of-the-art inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry with high reproducibility, and sensitivity allows. These improved and portable analytical sensor platforms will facilitate our ability to conduct biological monitoring programs to understand the relationship between chemical exposure assessment and disease outcomes.
Journal Article
Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials - Synthesis, Sorbents and Sensors
This volume is concerned with functional nanomaterials: materials containing specific, predictable nanostructure whose chemical composition or interfacial structure enable them to perform a specific job, to destroy, sequester or detect some material that constitutes an environmental threat. Nanomaterials have a number of features that make them ideally suited for this job: high surface area, high reactivity, easy dispersability, and rapid diffusion. The purpose of this book is to showcase how these features can be tailored to address some of the environmental remediation and sensing/detection problems faced today and will be of interest to research scientists, engineers and graduate students. The leading researchers contributing to this volume paint a picture of diverse synthetic strategies, structures, materials and methods. The book is organized into sections on nanoparticle-based remediation strategies, nanostructured inorganic materials (such as layered materials like the apatites), nanostructured organic/inorganic hybrid materials, and the use of nanomaterials to enhance the performance of sensors.
eBook
Removal of a gadolinium based contrast agent by a novel sorbent hemoperfusion in a chronic kidney disease (CKD) rodent model
Gadolinium based contrast agents (GBCAs) have been linked to toxicity in patients, regardless of having impaired or normal renal function. Currently, no therapy is considered highly effective for removing gadolinium (Gd) from the body. We propose a new strategy to reduce blood Gd content that facilitates whole body removal of Gd using a hemoperfusion system consisting of a cartridge of porous silica beads (Davisil®) functionalized with 1,2-hydroxypyridinone (1,2-HOPO). Herein, we report optimization of the hemoperfusion system using an ex vivo blood and an
in vivo
rat model of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In our ex vivo system, 1,2-HOPO-Davisil outperformed Gambro activated charcoal (AC), which is commonly used in clinical hemoperfusion of aqueous toxins, in terms of Gd capture capacity and rate. In the CKD rat model, the 1,2-HOPO-Davisil hemoperfusion system removed Gd by 3.4 times over the Gambro AC system. 1,2-HOPO-Davisil did not change complete blood counts and common blood biochemistry. Thus, this strategy has great potential for clinical translation to manage GBCAs after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), before Gd can deposit in the body and cause long-term toxicity. Although gadodiamide was used as a proof of concept model for GBCAs in this study, 1,2-HOPO functionalized mesoporous silica could also capture dissociated Gd and other GBCAs.
Journal Article
Sorption of selected radionuclides on different MnO2 phases
After nuclear disasters, there is a need to monitor released radionuclides in aquatic systems. A novel in situ gamma spectrometer deployable on mobile and stationary platforms can detect individual radionuclides, provided concentrations are high enough. Owing to rapid dilution effects, efficient sorbents are needed for preconcentration of radionuclides. Here, we report results of particle-water distribution coefficients, KD, on three novel MnO2 sorbents mounted in high-capacity cartridges using a set of artificial (57Co, 106Ru, 125Sb, 133Ba, 137Cs) and natural (7Be, 210Pb, 233Pa, 234Th) radionuclides in small batch experiments. Compared with conventionally impregnated MnO2 sorbents, novel nanostructured MnO2 sorbents displayed superior sorption for some artificial radionuclides, displaying up to one order of magnitude greater KD values than traditionally impregnated MnO2. In particular, the log KD value of 210Pb was highest (4.48 ± 0.23) compared with all values using the other MnO2 sorbents, whereas that of 233Pa was among the lowest (3.24 ± 0.16). These results promise some improvements for capturing not only artificially produced radionuclides, but also naturally produced 7Be from seawater using nanostructured MnO2. We also show that colloidal forms of selected radionuclides are not captured by MnO2 phases. If they could be sorbed by another sorbent, KD values could be considerably higher for Th, Po and other radionuclides. Finally, our results might add further complexities to the discussion of the potential of Th/Pa fractionation by MnO2 phases in seawater.
Journal Article
Environmental Applications Of Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Sorbents And Sensors
This volume is concerned with functional nanomaterials: materials containing specific, predictable nanostructure whose chemical composition or interfacial structure enable them to perform a specific job — destroy, sequester or detect some material that constitutes an environmental threat. Nanomaterials have a number of features that make them ideally suited for this job: high surface area, high reactivity, easy dispersability, and rapid diffusion. The purpose of this book is to showcase how these features can be tailored to address some of the environmental remediation and sensing/detection problems faced today. The leading researchers contributing to this volume paint a picture of diverse synthetic strategies, structures, materials and methods. The book is organized into sections on nanoparticle-based remediation strategies, nanostructured inorganic materials (such as layered materials like the apatites), nanostructured organic/inorganic hybrid materials, and the use of nanomaterials to enhance the performance of sensors. The chemistries captured by the contributors form a rich and colorful tapestry.
eBook
Functionalized Monolayers on Ordered Mesoporous Supports
Mesoporous silica materials containing functionalized organic monolayers have been synthesized. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance suggests that a cross-linked monolayer of mercaptopropylsilane was covalently bound to mesoporous silica and closely packed on the surface. The relative surface coverage of the monolayers can be systematically varied up to 76 percent. These materials are extremely efficient in removing mercury and other heavy metals from both aqueous and nonaqueous waste streams, with distribution coefficients up to 340,000. The stability of these materials and the potential to regenerate and reuse them have also been demonstrated. The surface modification scheme reported here enables rational design of the surface properties of tailored porous materials and may lead to the synthesis of more sophisticated functionalized composites for environmental and industrial applications.
Journal Article
Effect of Incorporating Nanoporous Metal Phosphate Materials on the Compressive Strength of Portland Cement
Nanoporous metal phosphate (NP-MPO) materials are being developed for removal of contaminant oxyanions (As(OH)O32−, CrO42−, and TcO4−), and cations (mercury, cadmium, and lead) from water and waste streams. Following sequestration, incorporation of metal laden NP-MPOs as a portion of cement formulation would provide an efficient and low-cost way to immobilize metal laden NP-MPOs in an easily handled waste form suitable for permanent disposal. There are no known investigations regarding the incorporation of NP-MPOs in concrete and the effects imparted on the physical and mechanical properties of concrete. Results of this investigation demonstrated that incorporating of NP-MPO materials requires additional water in the concrete formulation which decreases the compressive strength. Thus, incorporation of NP-MPOs in concrete may not serve as an efficient means for long-term disposal.
Journal Article