Explore the vast range of titles available.

Compared with admissions test scores, why are high school grades better at predicting college graduation? We argue that success in college requires not only cognitive ability but also self-regulatory competencies that are bette indexed by high school grades. In a national sample of 47,303 students who applied to college for the 2009/2010 academic year, Study 1 affirmed that high school grades out-predicted test scores for 4-year college graduation. In a convenience sample of 1,622 high school seniors in the Class of 2013, Study 2 revealed that the incremental predictive validity of high school grades for college graduation was explained by composite measures of self regulation, whereas the incremental predictive validity of test scores was explained by composite measures of cognitive ability.

We explore the effects of neighborhood social disorder on internalizing symptoms among urban youth by focusing on three questions. First, we ask whether the impact of social disorder on internalizing symptoms results from comparisons with conditions measured locally or across the entire city. Second, we consider whether neighborhood collective efficacy modifies disorder's effect on internalizing symptoms. Finally, we assess whether these effects vary by gender. Analyses of survey data on 2,367 youth from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods indicate that social disorder is positively associated with girls' internalizing symptoms when measured as a deviation from a neighborhood cluster (NC - two to three census tracts) mean. High collective efficacy within girls' NCs attenuates disorder effects on their internalizing symptoms. We find no evidence of disorder or collective efficacy effects on boys' internalizing symptoms.

Racial discrimination has serious negative consequences for the adjustment of African American adolescents. Taking an ecological approach, this study examined the linkages between perceived racial discrimination within and outside of the neighborhood and urban adolescents’ externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and tested whether neighborhood cohesion operated as a protective factor. Data came from 461 African American adolescents (mean age = 15.24 years, SD  = 1.56; 50 % female) participating in the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Multilevel models revealed that perceived discrimination within youth’s neighborhoods was positively related to externalizing, and discrimination both within and outside of youth’s neighborhoods predicted greater internalizing problems. Neighborhood cohesion moderated the association between within-neighborhood discrimination and externalizing. Specifically, high neighborhood cohesion attenuated the association between within-neighborhood discrimination and externalizing. The discussion centers on the implications of proximal stressors and neighborhood cohesion for African American adolescents’ adjustment.

Background The federal child care subsidy program, funded through the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF), is the nation’s largest public investment in early child care. However, little is known about whether and how subsidy payment mechanisms relate to the stability of subsidy receipt or the stability of children’s care arrangements. Objective This study is the first to explore whether subsidized care administered through contracts paid directly to providers is associated with greater stability of subsidy receipt than subsidized care administered through vouchers. Hypotheses predicted that contracts would confer stability in subsidy receipt, especially among families whose children received care in family child care homes. Methods Data were drawn from administrative files on subsidy recipients in New York City and merged with data from a phone survey of a small subsample. The analytic sample consisted of subsidy recipients who had a history of participating in the TANF cash assistance program (weighted n  = 9,087; unweighted n  = 311). Results Results indicate that subsidy payment mechanism was not associated with the number of interruptions in subsidy receipt. This finding held true of children in both family- and center-based care arrangements. Conclusions This preliminary study finds no evidence that contracted care and care purchased with a voucher are differentially associated with subsidy stability. Replication of this test with larger samples and stronger guards against selection into type of payment mechanism is needed.

Among the typologies of juvenile offenders developed in the last half century, Moffitt's (1993) two-pronged taxonomy of early onset life-course-persistent versus late onset adolescence-limited offenders has attracted the greatest amount of empirical attention. Although evidence supports drawing a basic etiological and criminological distinction between early and late onset offenders, some studies have indicated considerable diversity within each of the two groups with respect to psychological deficits, seriousness of offending, and trajectories of offending over time. In the present study, I attempted to further differentiate among offenders within each of Moffitt's (1993) two groups. Using a sample of over 800 serious male felony offenders (aged 16 to 18 years) from two different regions of the country, I tested the hypothesis that cluster analyses would reveal four, rather than two, groups of offenders. Specifically, I predicted the existence of two groups of early onset offenders and two groups of late onset offenders, each with unique profiles across measures of age at onset of offending, neuropsychological functioning, verbal intelligence, psychosocial functioning, and violent offending. Within each of the two age of onset categories, I predicted that analyses would reveal one cluster with a profile similar to that of Moffitt's (1993) prototype, and one cluster with a non-prototypical profile suggesting a qualitatively different etiology and pattern of offending. Analyses failed to support the proposed four-part typology. Rather, analyses supported a two-part system similar to that proposed by Moffitt (1993). I identified one group of relatively violent, low-functioning, early onset offenders, and a second group of less violent, higher-functioning, late onset offenders. Analyses of between-group differences on variables not used in the identification of clusters support the contention that early onset offending may be attributed to a combination of serious psychological dysfunction and environmental adversity, while late onset offending may be the result of normal adolescent responses to antisocial peer influence. Consistent with prior research, I also found that early onset offenders, relative to late onset offenders, engaged in more frequent and more serious re-offending over an 18-month follow-up period.

Early childhood education programs and parent‐child relationships are both critically important contexts for early childhood development. Recognition of this fact serves as the motivation for two‐generation programs, which intervene not only in the lives of low‐income children but also in the lives of their parents. In this chapter, discuss the evolution of the two‐generation approach is discussed. The chapter focuses specifically on two‐generation human capital‐building programs, which “intentionally link education, job training, and career building services for low‐income parents simultaneously with early childhood education (ECE) for their young children.” The chapter discusses the lessons learned from the first generation of two‐generation human capital‐building programs (launched in the 1970s–1990s; Generation 1.0) are discussed; sets forth a model for the development of a second generation of more effective two‐generation programs (Generation 2.0); and presents examples of current two‐generation programs that have adopted, or are moving toward, the Generation 2.0 model.

The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) released its first gridded bathymetric compilation in 1999. The IBCAO bathymetric portrayals have since supported a wide range of Arctic science activities, for example, by providing constraint for ocean circulation models and the means to define and formulate hypotheses about the geologic origin of Arctic undersea features. IBCAO Version 3.0 represents the largest improvement since 1999 taking advantage of new data sets collected by the circum‐Arctic nations, opportunistic data collected from fishing vessels, data acquired from US Navy submarines and from research ships of various nations. Built using an improved gridding algorithm, this new grid is on a 500 meter spacing, revealing much greater details of the Arctic seafloor than IBCAO Version 1.0 (2.5 km) and Version 2.0 (2.0 km). The area covered by multibeam surveys has increased from ∼6% in Version 2.0 to ∼11% in Version 3.0. Key Points New gridded bathymetric portrayal of the Arctic Ocean Bathymetric crowd source data shows a new potential for the mapping community

Green Bay is delivering a hot time this Super Bowl weekend so hot that by Saturday the frenzy had pushed the price of $5 tickets to the \"Return to Titletown\" party to $40 or $50. Brokers said that some prime front row seats for the victory party Monday at Lambeau Field had sold for $100. Plenty of guests are expected in Titletown all weekend, and most, if not all, of Green Bay's 3,065 hotel and motel rooms have been sold, said Mark Kanz, of the Green Bay Area Visitor and Convention Bureau.