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إنه ليس تاريخا فحسب، بل حياة أيضا تفاصيل التاريخ شكل الحاضر وتكونة سرا، أراها في ابتسامه في كأس من النبيذ رائحة العشب في منتصف الليل علامات المطر على النوافذ الزجاجية. إنها ندبة طويلة ورفيعة نغمة، ضوء يومض كعينين في الظلام كل هذه الأشياء لا تزال مفعمة وتجعل الحياة حقيقة ذات مغزى في هذا الكتاب ينتقي لي جينغ تزه بعضا من النصوص التاريخية ويجمع حولها القرائن، وينسخ صورة متعددة الطبقات للماضي يحاول العثور على هؤلاء المختئبين في زوايا التاريخ وعلاقاتهم السرية، ومن مروا بالحضارة بين الشرق والغرب وطبعت آثارهم في الظل والماء يلتقط طرفا واهنا من خيط بلون الزمن فيغزله بكلماته وينفخ فيه من أدبه فيدفعك للتفكيرعما وراء هذا الخيط تماما كما يضع عينك على ثقب في باب يفضلك عن عالم متكامل لم تره، أو كنت تحسبه غير موجود فالسمكة التي تخيلها المصريون تحمل أرض مصر ليست من المعنية بذاتها، بل براعة المصريين في الصمت وفى ثقل الكلمة ومسؤوليتها، وفي حق الكلمة وواجبها.

Lasing action from an optically pumped bound state in the continuum cavity is demonstrated, of both fundamental interest and with applications from optical trapping to biological sensing and quantum information. Light confined within the radiation continuum Light can be trapped by confining it between mirrors or in a cavity. However, a curious effect of trapping waves in an open system, a continuum, known for almost a century from quantum-mechanics theory, was recently rediscovered as a general phenomenon and applied to acoustics as well as optics. Until now, 'bound in continuum' light states have been realized in passive systems. But here, Boubacar Kanté and colleagues report the construction of nanophotonic structures in which such bound states in a continuum are used to produce laser action at room temperature. The effect could help researchers to explore novel light–matter interaction effects. In 1929, only three years after the advent of quantum mechanics, von Neumann and Wigner showed that Schrödinger’s equation can have bound states above the continuum threshold 1 . These peculiar states, called bound states in the continuum (BICs), manifest themselves as resonances that do not decay. For several decades afterwards the idea lay dormant, regarded primarily as a mathematical curiosity. In 1977, Herrick and Stillinger revived interest in BICs when they suggested that BICs could be observed in semiconductor superlattices 2 , 3 . BICs arise naturally from Feshbach’s quantum mechanical theory of resonances, as explained by Friedrich and Wintgen, and are thus more physical than initially realized 4 . Recently, it was realized that BICs are intrinsically a wave phenomenon and are thus not restricted to the realm of quantum mechanics. They have since been shown to occur in many different fields of wave physics including acoustics, microwaves and nanophotonics 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 . However, experimental observations of BICs have been limited to passive systems and the realization of BIC lasers has remained elusive. Here we report, at room temperature, lasing action from an optically pumped BIC cavity. Our results show that the lasing wavelength of the fabricated BIC cavities, each made of an array of cylindrical nanoresonators suspended in air, scales with the radii of the nanoresonators according to the theoretical prediction for the BIC mode. Moreover, lasing action from the designed BIC cavity persists even after scaling down the array to as few as 8-by-8 nanoresonators. BIC lasers open up new avenues in the study of light–matter interaction because they are intrinsically connected to topological charges 17 and represent natural vector beam sources (that is, there are several possible beam shapes) 18 , which are highly sought after in the fields of optical trapping, biological sensing and quantum information.

Salmonella is a serious foodborne pathogen responsible for more than 90 million cases of gastroenteritis worldwide annually. Due to the gradual increase in antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains, the identification of natural antibacterial substances is urgently needed. Herein, we purified natural l-phenyl lactic acid (L-PLA) from Lactobacillus plantarum ZJ316 and revealed its antimicrobial mode against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ATCC 14028. L-PLA (98.14% pure) was obtained using the macroporous resin XAD-16, solid-phase extraction (SPE), reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and chiral chromatography. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that the cell morphology was severely compromised. Transmembrane electrical potential (ΔΨ), transmembrane pH gradient (ΔpH), intracellular ATP level, extracellular electrical conductivity (EC), and genomic DNA analyses were employed to evaluate the antibacterial mode of action of L-PLA. The proton motive force (PMF) and ATP of Salmonella cells rapidly dissipated, and the EC markedly increased. The gel retardation assay demonstrated that L-PLA could bind to genomic DNA and intercalate into the nucleic acids. The anti-Salmonella mode of action of L-PLA was attributed to the destruction of the cell membrane and genomic DNA binding. This research suggests that L-PLA has potential applications as an antimicrobial agent in food, medicine, and other fields.Key Points• Natural L-PLA was purified from L. plantarum ZJ316 with a purity of 98.14%.• L-PLA effectively inhibited Salmonella strains by antibacterial activities and MICs.• Membrane destruction and binding with DNA are the anti-Salmonella modes of L-PLA.

Breakdown of tolerance and abnormal activation in B cells is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of Graves’ disease (GD) and high levels of thyroid hormones (THs) can drive the progression of GD. However, the interactions between THs and abnormal activation of B cells in the context of GD are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate B cell-activating factor (BAFF) mediating the cross talk between THs and B cells and the possible underlying mechanisms. A high-level triiodothyronine (T3) mouse model was used to verify T3-mediated induction of overexpression of BAFF and B cell abnormal differentiation. The possible promotion of BAFF overexpression in the mice spleen macrophages during polarization to M1 by T3 was also studied. We showed that high levels of T3 can induce BAFF overexpression and lead to abnormal differentiation of B cells in the mice. While the overexpression of BAFF was observed across many tissue types in the mice, high levels of T3 could induce M1 macrophages polarization by IFN (interferon-gamma)-γ in the spleen of the mice, which in turn generated BAFF overexpression. Our findings provide a novel insight into the interactions between the endocrine and immune systems, as well as provide insight into the role of TH in the pathogenesis of GD.

As AI recommendation systems become increasingly important in consumer decision-making, leveraging sound cues to optimize user interaction experience has become a key research topic. Grounded in the theory of perceptual contagion, this study centers on sound cues in AI recommendation scenarios, systematically examining their impact on consumer choice and choice satisfaction, as well as the underlying psychological mechanisms. Study 1 (hotel recommendation, N = 155) demonstrated that embedding sound cues into recommendation interfaces significantly increased consumer choice and choice satisfaction. Study 2 (laptop recommendation, N = 155) further revealed that this effect was mediated by preference fluency. Contrary to expectations, AI literacy did not moderate these effects, suggesting that sound cues exert influence across different user groups regardless of technological expertise. Theoretically, this study (1) introduces the theory of perceptual contagion into AI-human interaction research; (2) identifies preference fluency as the core mediating mechanism; and (3) challenges the traditional assumptions about the role of AI literacy. Practically, this study proposes a low-cost and highly adaptable design strategy, providing a new direction for recommendation systems to shift from content-driven to experience-driven. These findings enrich the understanding of sensory influences in digital contexts and offer practical insights for optimizing the design of AI platforms.

With the wide application of direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signals, the comprehensive performance of DSSS communication systems has been continuously improved, making the electronic reconnaissance link in communication countermeasures more difficult. Electronic reconnaissance technology, as the fundamental means of modern electronic warfare, mainly includes signal detection, recognition, and parameter estimation. At present, research on DSSS detection algorithms is mostly based on the correlation characteristics of DSSS signals, and autocorrelation algorithm is the most mature and widely used method in practical engineering. With the continuous development of deep learning, deep-learning-based methods have gradually been introduced to replace traditional algorithms in the field of signal processing. This paper proposes a spread spectrum signal detection method based on convolutional neural network (CNN). Through experimental analysis, the detection performance of the CNN model proposed in this paper on DSSS signals in various situations has been compared and analyzed with traditional autocorrelation detection methods for different signal-to-noise ratios. The experiments verified the estimation performance of the model in this paper under different signal-to-noise ratios, different spreading code lengths, different spreading code types, and different modulation methods and compared it with the autocorrelation detection algorithm. It was found that the detection performance of the model in this paper was higher than that of the autocorrelation detection method, and the overall performance was improved by 4 dB.

Hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) is a unique type of anisotropic material that can exhibit metal and dielectric properties at the same time. This unique characteristic results in it having unbounded isofrequency surface contours, leading to exotic phenomena such as spontaneous emission enhancement and applications such as super-resolution imaging. However, at optical frequencies, HMM must be artificially engineered and always requires a metal constituent, whose intrinsic loss significantly limits the experimentally accessible wave vector values, thus negatively impacting the performance of these applications. The need to reduce loss in HMM stimulated the development of the second-generation HMM, termed active HMM, where gain materials are utilized to compensate for metal’s intrinsic loss. With the advent of topological photonics that allows robust light transportation immune to disorders and defects, research on HMM also entered the topological regime. Tremendous efforts have been dedicated to exploring the topological transition from elliptical to hyperbolic dispersion and topologically protected edge states in HMM, which also prompted the invention of lossless HMM formed by all-dielectric material. Furthermore, emerging twistronics can also provide a route to manipulate topological transitions in HMMs. In this review, we survey recent progress in topological effects in HMMs and provide prospects on possible future research directions.

Elevated liver enzyme levels are observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, these features have not been characterized. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang Province, China, from January 17 to February 12, 2020, were enrolled. Liver enzyme level elevation was defined as alanine aminotransferase level >35 U/L for men and 25 U/L for women at admission. Patients with normal alanine aminotransferase levels were included in the control group. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and patients symptomatic with SARS-CoV-2 infection were defined as patients with COVID-19. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were collected and compared. Of 788 patients with COVID-19, 222 (28.2%) patients had elevated liver enzyme levels (median [interquartile range {IQR}] age, 47.0 [35.0-55.0] years; 40.5% women). Being male, overweight, and smoking increased the risk of liver enzyme level elevation. The liver enzyme level elevation group had lesser pharyngalgia and more diarrhea than the control group. The median time from illness onset to admission was 3 days for liver enzyme level elevation groups (IQR, 2-6), whereas the median hospitalization time for 86 (38.7%) discharged patients was 13 days (IQR, 11-16). No differences in disease severity and clinical outcomes were noted between the groups. We found that 28.2% of patients with COVID-19 presented with elevated liver enzyme levels on admission, which could partially be related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Male patients had a higher risk of liver enzyme level elevation. With early medical intervention, liver enzyme level elevation did not worsen the outcomes of patients with COVID-19.

Activated B cells contribute to heart diseases, and inhibition of B‐cell activating factor (BAFF) expression is an effective therapeutic target for heart diseases. Whether activated B cells participate in the development and progression of hyperthyroid heart disease, and what induces B cells activation in hyperthyroidism are unknown. The present study aimed to determine the roles of BAFF overexpression induced by high concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) in the pathogenesis of hyperthyroid heart disease. Female C57BL/6J mice were subcutaneously injected with T3 for 6 weeks, and BAFF expression was inhibited using shRNA. Protein and mRNA expression of BAFF in mouse heart tissues evaluated via immunohistochemistry, western blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Proportions of B cells in mouse cardiac tissue lymphocytes were quantified via flow cytometry. Morphology and left ventricle function were assessed using pathological sections and echocardiography, respectively. Here, we demonstrate that compared with the control group, the proportion of myocardial B cells was larger in the T3 group; immunohistochemistry, western blotting and PCR analyses revealed increased protein and mRNA expression levels of TNF‐α and BAFF in heart tissues of the T3 group. Compared with the normal controls group, in the T3 group, the diameter of myocardial cells and some echocardiographic values significantly increased and hypertrophy and structural disorder were noticeable. Our results revealed that elevated levels of circulating T3 can promote the expression of BAFF in myocardial cells and can lead to B‐cell activation, an elevated inflammatory response and ventricular remodelling.

We aimed to investigate the association between glycemic variability (GV) and the abnormal differentiation of T-cell subpopulations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In total, 108 hospitalized patients with T2DM were enrolled and divided into two subgroups (normal glycemic excursion (NGE) and high glycemic excursion (HGE)) according to their mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) level. The MAGE was evaluated via continuous glucose monitoring for 72 h consecutively. Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportions of T cell subpopulations. The T helper (Th) 1 cell/Th2 cell ratio was significantly higher, and the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was significantly lower in the NGE group than in the HGE group (all P < 0.05). After fully adjusting for confounders, the MAGE was positively associated with the Th1 cell/Th2 cell ratio (β = 0.370; P = 0.009) and negatively associated with the proportion of Tregs (β = −0.554; P = 0.001). The MAGE was an independent risk factor for abnormally high Th1 cell/Th2 cell ratio and proportion of Tregs. Abnormal differentiation of T cell subpopulations induced by GV may impair β-cell function, aggravate insulin resistance, and contribute to the development of diabetic complications. •Glycemic variability impacts T-cell differentiation.•Mean amplitude of glycemic excursion positively correlates with TH1/TH2 ratios and negatively correlates with Treg proportions.•Increased glycemic variability may impair β-cell function by immune alterations.