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"Guo, Peng"
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Seasonal Cycle Delay of the Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Genesis Frequency in CMIP6 Simulations
Obvious biases in simulating tropical cyclone (TC) genesis of the current climate models hamper our understanding of TC changes. In this study, we found a delay of the seasonal cycle of TC genesis frequency over the western North Pacific (WNP) in most Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models. During the active TC season, the simulated south‐warming and north‐cooling surface temperature bias amplifies the meridional gradient and excites thermal winds. This weakens the western North Pacific Subtropical High and easterly monsoon trough, which further reduces TC genesis frequency over the western WNP in summer. But in autumn, positive TC genesis biases were only observed in coupled models over the eastern WNP. Both seasons contribute to the delayed seasonal cycle of TC frequency in models. Our findings highlight the importance of accurate simulation of surface temperature by climate models to TC simulations and aid in future model improvements. Plain Language Summary Tropical cyclone (TC) is a devastating weather system generated over the tropical ocean, and the climate model serves as an important tool to study the long‐term variability of TC activity. Hence, it is imperative to explore the biases of climate models in simulating TC genesis. In this investigation, we find a substantial influence of surface temperature bias in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) climate models on the simulation of the seasonal cycle of TC genesis frequency over the western North Pacific (WNP). The delay in the seasonal cycle of TC genesis frequency is widespread among most CMIP6 models. During boreal summer and autumn, the simulated bias of south‐warming and north‐cooling surface temperature increases its meridional gradient and triggers thermal winds. In summer, the weak western North Pacific Subtropical High and easterly monsoon trough, two crucial large‐scale circulation systems, cause a large negative TC genesis bias in models over the western WNP, substantially contributing to the delay of the seasonal cycle. Meanwhile, the relatively small positive bias of coupled models over the eastern WNP in autumn makes a secondary contribution. The combined contributions of these biases cause delays in seasonal simulation of TC genesis frequency. Key Points Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models produce delayed seasonal cycles of tropical cyclone genesis frequency over the western North Pacific Biases in East Asia summer monsoon and western North Pacific subtropical high lead to underestimation of tropical cyclone genesis during summer The biased large‐scale circulation systems are further related to a warm southern and cold northern surface temperature bias
Journal Article
قراءات في الحزام والطريق : مبادرة الصين للعالم في القرن الحادي والعشرين
في العاشر من سبتمبر عام 2013، أعلن الرئيس الصيني شي جين بينغ خلال زيارته لآسيا الوسطى ومنطقة جنوب شرق آسيا، عن المبادرة الكبرى الحزام والطريق \"الحزام الاقتصادي لطريق الحرير وطريق الحرير البحري للقرن الحادي والعشرين\"، لتحظى المبادرة باهتمام كبير على الصعيد الدولي، حيث تعد سياسة استراتيجية دولية كبرى للصين، وقد وضعت بناء على التخطيط الشامل للمشهدين الدولي والمحلي، وتتسم المبادرة باهمية كبيرة، ومغزى بعيد المدى فيما يتعلق بإنشاء آلية اقتصادية ذات طبيعة منفتحة، وتشكيل نمط جديد للانفتاح نحو الخارج بكل الاتجاهات، وفي هذا الكتاب الذي أعده مجموعة من باحثو \"مركز الابتكار التعاوني لمبادرة الحزام والطريق بجامعة تشيجيانغ\"، ليشكفوا عن كل الأسرار المتعلقة بالمبادرة الصينية الكبرى التي قدمتها للعالم في قرنه الحادي والعشرين، وذلك عملا على تعميق معرفة القاريء \"بالحزام والطريق\"، والنشر على مستوى عالمي للمحتوى الثري والمغزى العميق لهذه المبادرة، ويركز أسلوب هذا الكتاب على الشرح والتحليل والمقارنة، فيتطرق إلى الاطر الاستراتيجية للبمادرة وتنافسية الدول الكبرى ومزايا مناطق الصين وربوعها و ثمار التعاون الدولي وغيرها بالتحليل الدقيق، انطلاقا من الموضوعات التي تهم كل مهتم في العالم بمستقبل الصين، وما ستقدمه للعالم.
BOOK
Large magnetoresistance in LaBi: origin of field-induced resistivity upturn and plateau in compensated semimetals
The discovery of non-magnetic extreme magnetoresistance (XMR) materials has induced great interest because the XMR phenomenon challenges our understanding of how a magnetic field can alter electron transport in semimetals. Among XMR materials, the LaSb shows XMR and field-induced exotic behaviors but it seems to lack the essentials for these properties. Here, we study the magnetotransport properties and electronic structure of LaBi, isostructural to LaSb. LaBi exhibits large MR as in LaSb, which can be ascribed to the nearly compensated electron and hole with rather high mobilities. More importantly, our analysis suggests that the XMR as well as field-induced resistivity upturn and plateau observed in LaSb and LaBi can be well explained by the two-band model with the compensation situation. We present the critical conditions leading to these field-induced properties. It will contribute to the understanding of the XMR phenomenon and explore novel XMR materials.
Journal Article
مائة سؤال وجواب حول الحزام والطريق : مبادرة الصين للعالم في القرن الحادي والعشرين
في العاشر من سبتمبر عام 2013، أعلن الرئيس الصيني شي جين بينغ خلال زيارته لآسيا الوسطى ومنطقة جنوب شرق آسيا، عن المبادرة الكبرى الحزام والطريق \"الحزام الاقتصادي لطريق الحرير وطريق الحرير البحري للقرن الحادي والعشرين\"، لتحظى المبادرة باهتمام كبير على الصعيد الدولي، حيث تعد سياسة استراتيجية دولية كبرى للصين، وقد وضعت بناء على التخطيط الشامل للمشهدين الدولي والمحلي، وتتسم المبادرة باهمية كبيرة، ومغزى بعيد المدى فيما يتعلق بإنشاء آلية اقتصادية ذات طبيعة منفتحة، وتشكيل نمط جديد للانفتاح نحو الخارج بكل الاتجاهات، وفي هذا الكتاب الذي أعده مجموعة من باحثو \"مركز الابتكار التعاوني لمبادرة الحزام والطريق بجامعة تشيجيانغ\"، ليشكفوا عن كل الأسرار المتعلقة بالمبادرة الصينية الكبرى التي قدمتها للعالم في قرنه الحادي والعشرين، وذلك عملا على تعميق معرفة القاريء \"بالحزام والطريق\"، والنشر على مستوى عالمي للمحتوى الثري والمغزى العميق لهذه المبادرة، ويعتمد أسلوب هذا الكتاب على السؤال والجواب، انطلاقا من الموضوعات التي تهم كل مهتم في العالم بمستقبل الصين، وما ستقدمه للعالم.
BOOK
Westward migration of tropical cyclone rapid-intensification over the Northwestern Pacific during short duration El Niño
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can significantly affect the rapid intensification of tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific (WNP). However, ENSO events have various durations, which can lead to different atmospheric and oceanic conditions. Here we show that during short duration El Niño events, the WNP tropical cyclone rapid-intensification mean occurrence position migrates westward by ~8.0° longitude, which is caused by reduced vertical wind shear, increased mid-tropospheric humidity, and enhanced tropical cyclone heat potential over the westernmost WNP. The changes in these factors are caused by westward advected upper ocean heat during the decaying phase of a short duration El Niño. As super El Niño events tend to have short durations and their frequency is projected to increase under global warming, our findings have important implications for future projections of WNP tropical cyclone activity.
El Niño events have important impacts on tropical cyclone activity over the western North Pacific. Here, the authors show that short duration El Niño could significantly shift the tropical cyclone rapid intensification westward by transporting ocean heat energy to the western Pacific.
Journal Article
An In-Plane Heterostructure Ni3N/MoSe2 Loaded on Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Enhances the Catalyst Performance for Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction
Non-noble metal electrocatalysts for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) that are both highly active and low-cost are essential for the widespread use of fuel cells. Herein, a simple two-step method for creating an in-plane heterostructure of Ni3N/MoSe2 loaded on N-doped reduced graphene oxide (Ni3N/MoSe2@N-rGO) as an effective electrocatalyst for the HOR is described. The process involves hydrothermal treatment of the Ni and Mo precursors with N-doped reduced graphene oxide, followed by the annealing with urea. The Ni3N/MoSe2@N-rGO catalyst exhibits high activities for the HOR, with current densities of 2.15 and 3.06 mA cm−2 at 0.5 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in H2-saturated 0.1 M KOH and 0.1 M HClO4 electrolytes, respectively, which is comparable to a commercial 20% Pt/C catalyst under similar experimental conditions. Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrates excellent durability, maintaining its performance during accelerated degradation tests for 5000 cycles. This work offers a practical framework for the designing and preparing of non-precious metal electrocatalysts for the HOR in fuel cells.
Journal Article
Quantum anomalous hall effect in collinear antiferromagnetism
The two-dimensional Quantum Hall effect with no external magnetic field is called the Quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect. So far, experimentally realized QAH insulators all exhibit ferromagnetic order and the QAH effect only occurs at very low temperatures. On the other hand, up to now the QAH effect in collinear antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials has never been reported and the corresponding mechanism has never been proposed. In this work, we realize the QAH effect by proposing a four-band lattice model with static AFM order, which indicates that the QAH effect can be found in AFM materials. Then, as a prototype, we demonstrate that a monolayer CrO can be switched from an AFM Weyl semimetal to an AFM QAH insulator by applying strain, based on symmetry analysis and the first-principles electronic structure calculations. Our work not only proposes a scenario to search for QAH insulators in materials, but also reveals a way to considerably increase the critical temperature of the QAH phase.
Journal Article
Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin
Cross-species transmission of viruses from wildlife animal reservoirs poses a marked threat to human and animal health
1
. Bats have been recognized as one of the most important reservoirs for emerging viruses and the transmission of a coronavirus that originated in bats to humans via intermediate hosts was responsible for the high-impact emerging zoonosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
2
,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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. Here we provide virological, epidemiological, evolutionary and experimental evidence that a novel HKU2-related bat coronavirus, swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), is the aetiological agent that was responsible for a large-scale outbreak of fatal disease in pigs in China that has caused the death of 24,693 piglets across four farms. Notably, the outbreak began in Guangdong province in the vicinity of the origin of the SARS pandemic. Furthermore, we identified SADS-related CoVs with 96–98% sequence identity in 9.8% (58 out of 591) of anal swabs collected from bats in Guangdong province during 2013–2016, predominantly in horseshoe bats (
Rhinolophus
spp.) that are known reservoirs of SARS-related CoVs. We found that there were striking similarities between the SADS and SARS outbreaks in geographical, temporal, ecological and aetiological settings. This study highlights the importance of identifying coronavirus diversity and distribution in bats to mitigate future outbreaks that could threaten livestock, public health and economic growth.
Analysis of viral samples from deceased piglets shows that a bat coronavirus was responsible for an outbreak of fatal disease in China and highlights the importance of the identification of coronavirus diversity and distribution in bats in order to mitigate future outbreaks of disease.
Journal Article
Individual bat virome analysis reveals co-infection and spillover among bats and virus zoonotic potential
Bats are reservoir hosts for many zoonotic viruses. Despite this, relatively little is known about the diversity and abundance of viruses within individual bats, and hence the frequency of virus co-infection and spillover among them. We characterize the mammal-associated viruses in 149 individual bats sampled from Yunnan province, China, using an unbiased meta-transcriptomics approach. This reveals a high frequency of virus co-infection (simultaneous infection of bat individuals by multiple viral species) and spillover among the animals studied, which may in turn facilitate virus recombination and reassortment. Of note, we identify five viral species that are likely to be pathogenic to humans or livestock, based on phylogenetic relatedness to known pathogens or in vitro receptor binding assays. This includes a novel recombinant SARS-like coronavirus that is closely related to both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. In vitro assays indicate that this recombinant virus can utilize the human ACE2 receptor such that it is likely to be of increased emergence risk. Our study highlights the common occurrence of co-infection and spillover of bat viruses and their implications for virus emergence.
Viral diversity and abundance in bats are incompletely understood. Here, analyzing individual bat viromes, the authors observe a high frequency of co-infection and spillover among the animals and identify viruses with the potential to infect humans or livestock.
Journal Article