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"He, Ping"
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Revolutionizing Chinese sentiment analysis: A knowledge-driven approach with multi-granularity semantic features
In recent years, there has been significant progress in Chinese text sentiment analysis research. However, few studies have investigated the differences between languages, the effectiveness of domain knowledge, and the requirements of downstream tasks. Considering the uniqueness of Chinese text and the practical needs of sentiment analysis, this study aims to address these gaps. To achieve this, we propose a method that deeply integrates the knowledge vector obtained from the emotional knowledge triplets using the TransE model with feature vectors from models like BiGRU and attention mechanisms. We also introduce radical features and emotional part of speech features based on the characteristics of characters and words. In addition, we propose a collaborative approach that integrates characters, words, radicals, and multi-granularity semantic features such as part of speech. Our approach, as evidenced by the Douban Film Review dataset and the NLPECC dataset, proficiently leverages emotional insights alongside nuanced linguistic elements, significantly bolstering the accuracy of sentiment detection in Chinese texts. The method achieved F1-score of 89.23% and 84.84%, respectively, underscoring its efficacy in the realm of Chinese sentiment analysis.
Journal Article
Clinical efficacy of linezolid in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis: a retrospective analysis and literature review
Highlights
Retrospective study evaluating linezolid in 99 TBM patients.
Linezolid significantly reduced CSF protein levels, especially in critically ill patients.
Similar adverse event rates between groups.
Relevant literature reviews were reviewed.
Background
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of tuberculosis, with high morbidity and mortality. This retrospective study evaluates the clinical efficacy of linezolid in patients with TBM.
Methods
We analyzed 99 TBM patients treated at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from June 2013 to March 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: those receiving standard therapy (
n
= 43) and those receiving standard therapy plus linezolid (
n
= 56). Clinical outcomes, cerebrospinal fluid parameters, and adverse events were assessed.
Results
Of the included patients, 42.4% were female, and the median age was 24.00 (7.00–44.00) years. Baseline characteristics between the two groups were comparable. After six months of treatment, both groups showed improvements in cerebrospinal fluid parameters, with no significant differences in intracranial pressure, white blood cell count, glucose, or chloride levels (all
P
> 0.05). Adding linezolid significantly reduced cerebrospinal fluid protein levels compared to the standard therapy group (0.873 [0.228–1.591] g/L vs. 0.172 [-0.691–0.559] g/L,
P
= 0.018), correlating with better 6-month survival (adjusted OR 1.850, 95% CI 1.111–3.081,
P
= 0.018), with a stronger effect in critically ill patients (1.010 [0.257–2.019] g/L vs. 0.121 [-0.556–0.510] g/L,
P
= 0.004). Although intracranial lesion resolution rates were higher in the linezolid group, they were not statistically significant (
P
> 0.05). Adverse event rates were similar between groups (16.1% vs. 18.6%,
P
= 0.392).
Conclusion
Linezolid appears to offer clinical benefits in managing TBM, particularly in critically ill patients, warranting further prospective studies to optimize treatment protocols.
Journal Article
Histone Methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2-Mediated ABCA1 Promoter DNA Methylation Contributes to the Progression of Atherosclerosis
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays a critical role in maintaining cellular cholesterol homeostasis. The purpose of this study is to identify the molecular mechanism(s) underlying ABCA1 epigenetic modification and determine its potential impact on ABCA1 expression in macrophage-derived foam cell formation and atherosclerosis development. DNA methylation induced foam cell formation from macrophages and promoted atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice. Bioinformatics analyses revealed a large CpG island (CGI) located in the promoter region of ABCA1. Histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) downregulated ABCA1 mRNA and protein expression in THP-1 and RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells. Pharmacological inhibition of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) with 5-Aza-dC or knockdown of DNMT1 prevented the downregulation of macrophage ABCA1 expression, suggesting a role of DNA methylation in ABCA1 expression. Polycomb protein EZH2 induced DNMT1 expression and methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 (MeCP2) recruitment, and stimulated the binding of DNMT1 and MeCP2 to ABCA1 promoter, thereby promoting ABCA1 gene DNA methylation and atherosclerosis. Knockdown of DNMT1 inhibited EZH2-induced downregulation of ABCA1 in macrophages. Conversely, EZH2 overexpression stimulated DNMT1-induced ABCA1 gene promoter methylation and atherosclerosis. EZH2-induced downregulation of ABCA1 gene expression promotes foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerosis by DNA methylation of ABCA1 gene promoter.
Journal Article
Climate warming promotes pesticide resistance through expanding overwintering range of a global pest
Climate change has the potential to change the distribution of pests globally and their resistance to pesticides, thereby threatening global food security in the 21st century. However, predicting where these changes occur and how they will influence current pest control efforts is a challenge. Using experimentally parameterised and field-tested models, we show that climate change over the past 50 years increased the overwintering range of a global agricultural insect pest, the diamondback moth (
Plutella xylostella
), by ~2.4 million km
2
worldwide. Our analysis of global data sets revealed that pesticide resistance levels are linked to the species’ overwintering range: mean pesticide resistance was 158 times higher in overwintering sites compared to sites with only seasonal occurrence. By facilitating local persistence all year round, climate change can promote and expand pesticide resistance of this destructive species globally. These ecological and evolutionary changes would severely impede effectiveness of current pest control efforts and potentially cause large economic losses.
Climate-driven range shifts may affect pesticide resistance. Here, the authors analyse experimentally parameterised and field-tested models to show that a cosmopolitan insect pest, the diamondback moth, is acquiring resistance against local pesticides through expanding overwintering range.
Journal Article
Coupled anaerobic methane oxidation and reductive arsenic mobilization in wetland soils
Anaerobic methane oxidation is coupled to the reduction of electron acceptors, such as sulfate, and contributes to their biogeochemical cycling in the environment. However, whether arsenate acts as an alternative electron acceptor of anaerobic methane oxidation and how this influences global arsenic transformations remains elusive. Here, we present incubations of arsenate-contaminated wetland soils from seven provinces in China. Using isotopically labelled methane, we find that anaerobic methane oxidation was linked to arsenate reduction at a rate approaching the theoretical arsenic/methane stoichiometric ratio of 4. In microcosm incubations with natural wetland soils, we find that the coupled pathway of anaerobic methane oxidation and arsenate reduction contributed 26 to 49% of total arsenic release from soils, with arsenic in the more soluble and toxic form arsenite. Comparative gene quantification and metagenomic sequencing suggest that the coupled pathway was facilitated by anaerobic methanotrophs, either independently or synergistically with arsenate-reducing bacteria through reverse methanogenesis and respiratory arsenate reduction. Further bioinformatic analyses show that genes coding for reverse methanogenesis and respiratory arsenate reduction are universally co-distributed in nature. This suggests that coupling of anaerobic methane oxidation and arsenate reduction is a potentially global but previously overlooked process, with implications for arsenic mobilization and environmental contamination.The coupling of anaerobic oxidation of methane and arsenate reduction is an important pathway of releasing arsenic from soils, according to incubation experiments of arsenate-contaminated wetland soils.
Journal Article
MicroRNA-296: a promising target in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis has been recognized as an inflammatory disease involving the vascular wall. MicroRNAs are a group of small noncoding RNAs to regulate gene expression at the transcriptional level through mRNA degradation or translation repression. Recent studies suggest that miR-296 may play crucial roles in the regulation of angiogenesis, inflammatory response, cholesterol metabolism, hypertension, cellular proliferation and apoptosis. In this review, we primarily discussed the molecular targets of miR-296 involved in the development of atherosclerosis, which may provide a basis for future investigation and a better understanding of the biological functions of miR-296 in atherosclerosis.
Journal Article
MicroRNA-27 Prevents Atherosclerosis by Suppressing Lipoprotein Lipase-Induced Lipid Accumulation and Inflammatory Response in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice
Atherosclerotic lesions are lipometabolic disorder characterized by chronic progressive inflammation in arterial walls. Previous studies have shown that macrophage-derived lipoprotein lipase (LPL) might be a key factor that promotes atherosclerosis by accelerating lipid accumulation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Increasing evidence indicates that microRNA-27 (miR-27) has beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and inflammatory response. However, it has not been fully understood whether miR-27 affects the expression of LPL and subsequent development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE KO) mice. To address these questions and its potential mechanisms, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated THP-1 macrophages were transfected with the miR-27 mimics/inhibitors and apoE KO mice fed high-fat diet were given a tail vein injection with miR-27 agomir/antagomir, followed by exploring the potential roles of miR-27. MiR-27 agomir significantly down-regulated LPL expression in aorta and peritoneal macrophages by western blot and real-time PCR analyses. We performed LPL activity assay in the culture media and found that miR-27 reduced LPL activity. ELISA showed that miR-27 reduced inflammatory response as analyzed in vitro and in vivo experiments. Our results showed that miR-27 had an inhibitory effect on the levels of lipid both in plasma and in peritoneal macrophages of apoE KO mice as examined by HPLC. Consistently, miR-27 suppressed the expression of scavenger receptors associated with lipid uptake in ox-LDL-treated THP-1 macrophages. In addition, transfection with LPL siRNA inhibited the miR-27 inhibitor-induced lipid accumulation and proinflammatory cytokines secretion in ox-LDL-treated THP-1 macrophages. Finally, systemic treatment revealed that miR-27 decreased aortic plaque size and lipid content in apoE KO mice. The present results provide evidence that a novel antiatherogenic role of miR-27 was closely related to reducing lipid accumulation and inflammatory response via downregulation of LPL gene expression, suggesting a potential strategy to the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Journal Article
An improved 9 micron thick separator for a 350 Wh/kg lithium metal rechargeable pouch cell
The use of separators that are thinner than conventional separators (> 20 µm) would improve the energy densities and specific energies of lithium batteries. However, thinner separators increase the risk of internal short circuits from lithium dendrites formed in both lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries. Herein, we grow metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) inside the channels of a polypropylene separator (8 µm thick) using current-driven electrosynthesis, which aggregates the electrolyte in the MOF channels. Compared to unmodified polypropylene separators, the MOF-modified separator (9 µm thick) vastly improves the cycling stability and dendrite resistance of cells assembled with Li metal anodes and carbonate-based electrolytes. As a demonstration, a 354 Wh kg
−1
pouch cell with a lithium metal anode and LiNi
0.8
Co
0.15
Al
0.05
O
2
(NCA)-based cathode (N/P = 3.96) is assembled with 9 µm layer of the MOF-modified separator and retains 80% of its capacity after 200 cycles (charged at 75 mA g
−1
, discharged at 100 mA g
−1
) at 25 °C.
Thin separators can improve batteries’ energy densities but increase cell shortcircuit risks. Here, the authors report an improved thin metal-organic frameworks separator to improve the dendrite formation resistance and cycling stability of high-voltage lithium battery in carbonate electrolytes.
Journal Article