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"Jayakumar, M. S"
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Socio economic and psychological dimensions of migration-induced exclusion of the elderly in Kerala, India: an empirical analysis
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to link the multifarious problems of the elderly in a socio-economic and psychological framework.
Design/methodology/approach
– The universe of the sample is elderly left behind in emigrant households in Kerala. In total, 600 samples were mustered using multistage stratified random sampling method. The paper, with the aid of factor analysis, χ2 and correspondence analysis, blemish the principal factors responsible for the migration-induced exclusion of the elderly.
Findings
– The empirical result derived from the study shows that migration-induced exclusion is all pervasive in Kerala. The elderly left behind yearn for the presence of their children rather than the emigration and concomitant remittances.
Research limitations/implications
– The findings of the study are helpful to the policy makers to understand the issues faced by the elderly and include all stakeholders concerned to find a solution to tackle these problems faced by the elderly due to emigration of their children.
Practical implications
– The study is practically relevant in developing appropriate policy framework in Kerala as it illumines the role of the government to overcome the exclusionary trend and other manifold problems of the elderly.
Social implications
– The study sheds light to a new social problem developing in the state in the form of elderly exclusion owing to emigration of the young working groups in regional dimensions, demographic levels, community angles and the emerging culture of old age home in the Kerala economy and society.
Originality/value
– The study is a unique one and tries to situate the principal factors responsible for the emigration-induced exclusion of the elderly in Kerala with empirical evidence.
Journal Article
A High Efficient High Input Power Factor Interleaved Boost Converter
In this paper an improved ZVT interleaved boost PFC topology is introduced. The proposed ZVT interleaved boost converter is composed of two cell boost conversion units and an active auxiliary circuit. The proposed converter has two important advantages over the similar soft switching converters. The first one is that parallel to the main switches of the converter the auxiliary switch also operates under soft switching condition. Providing soft switching conditions for interleaved boost converters with more than one cells using only one auxiliary switch is another advantage of this topology. The prototype for the proposed converter was developed with an input of 110V-220V ac power supply feeding a resistive output load of 600 watts. In addition, the proposed converter has the advantages of fewer structure complications, lower cost and ease of control.
Journal Article
Electromagnetic Radiation-Driven Plastic Degradation and Energy Recovery for Sustainable Waste Management
The persistent accumulation of plastic waste presents a severe global environmental challenge. This study presents a non-thermal photodegradation and energy-recovery system that selectively cleaves 82 ± 5% of C–C/C–H bonds in polyethene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) within 30 min of UVC (254 nm) exposure. The bond-dissociation energy is harvested via thermoelectric generators (TEGs), delivering 10 W, and via photoelectric cells, yielding 5 W (10 mA.cm- ² at φ < 2 eV), for a combined recovery of 15 W. Emissions are held below 0.5 ppm VOCs and 0.1 mg.m- ³ microplastics. A lab-scale prototype processes 0.5 kg.h-1 of mixed plastic per 0.1 m² reaction area equivalent to 30 Wh.kg-1 of electrical energy and is scalable to 5 kg.h-1 in a pilot module. Real-time FTIR, Raman, and UV-VIS spectroscopy, integrated with an IoT-PID feedback loop, ensures autonomous optimization. Life-cycle assessment indicates a 25% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional recycling methods. A circular-economy framework envisions recovering oligomeric and monomeric fragments for direct reintegration into polymer production. Feature work will implement digital-twin simulations to refine process control, maximize throughput, and ensure long-term system reliability.
Journal Article
Climate change and Vibrio vulnificus dynamics: A blueprint for infectious diseases
Climate change is having increasingly profound effects on human health, notably those associated with the occurrence, distribution, and transmission of infectious diseases. The number of disparate ecological parameters and pathogens affected by climate change are vast and expansive. Disentangling the complex relationship between these variables is critical for the development of effective countermeasures against its effects. The pathogen Vibrio vulnificus , a naturally occurring aquatic bacterium that causes fulminant septicemia, represents a quintessential climate-sensitive organism. In this review, we use V . vulnificus as a model organism to elucidate the intricate network of interactions between climatic factors and pathogens, with the objective of identifying common patterns by which climate change is affecting their disease burden. Recent findings indicate that in regions native to V . vulnificus or related pathogens, climate-driven natural disasters are the chief contributors to their disease outbreaks. Concurrently, climate change is increasing the environmental suitability of areas non-endemic to their diseases, promoting a surge in their natural populations and transmission dynamics, thus elevating the risk of new outbreaks. We highlight potential risk factors and climatic drivers aggravating the threat of V . vulnificus transmission under both scenarios and propose potential measures for mitigating its impact. By defining the mechanisms by which climate change influences V . vulnificus disease burden, we aim to shed light on the transmission dynamics of related disease-causing agents, thereby laying the groundwork for early warning systems and broadly applicable control measures.
Journal Article
Role of endothelin-1 in periodontal diseases: A structured review
Background and Objective: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a 21-amino acid peptide and is a potent vasoconstrictor produced by endothelial cells. It plays a role in the development of diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Previous studies have identified ET-1 in gingival tissues obtained from patients affected by chronic periodontitis or gingival overgrowth. Thus, there is a need to appraise the role of ET-1 in periodontal disease.
Materials and Methods: The electronic search strategy included the databases such as PubMed, PubMed Central, LILACS, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, MeSH, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, and EMBASE databases. Hand search of relevant journals was also carried out until September 2013. The included studies were both cross-sectional and longitudinal performed in vivo/in vitro, which measures the expression of ET-1 from various cells of the periodontium and in periodontal disease. Further, studies assessing the factors which influence ET-1 expression were included in the study.
Results: A total of 15 articles were found relevant and fulfilled the inclusion criteria posed in this review. Ten studies discussed the concentration of ET-1 in periodontal disease, whereas eight studies investigated the cells expressing ET-1. Nine studies assessed the factors influencing ET-1 expression and two studies evaluated the influence of ET-1 on inflammatory mediators and other cytokines. The results suggested that ET-1 is elevated in periodontal diseases and is influenced by inflammatory cytokines and periodontal pathogens.
Conclusion: ET-1 was found to have a role in periodontal disease, but further research will be required to substantiate its use as a biomarker.
Journal Article
Estimation of salivary tumor necrosis factor-alpha in chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients
Periodontitis is a chronic bacterial infection characterized by persistent inflammation, connective tissue breakdown and alveolar bone destruction mediated by pro-inflammatory mediators. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is an important pro-inflammatory mediator that produced causes destruction of periodontal tissues.
The aim of the study is to estimate the salivary TNF-α in chronic and aggressive periodontitis and control participants and further correlate the levels with clinical parameter such as gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss.
The study population consisted of 75 subjects age ranging from 25 to 55 years attending the outpatient section of Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital. The study groups included Groups 1, 2, and 3 with participants with healthy periodontium (n = 25), generalized chronic periodontitis (n = 25) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (n = 25), respectively. Salivary samples from the participants were used to assess the TNF-α levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
GI and PI were found to be significantly higher in chronic and aggressive periodontitis compared to the controls. The mean TNF-α value in chronic periodontitis patients (12.92 ± 17.21 pg/ml) was significantly higher than in control subjects (2.15 ± 3.60 pg/ml). Whereas, in aggressive periodontitis patients the mean TNF-α (7.23 ± 7.67) were not significantly different from chronic periodontitis or healthy subjects. Among periodontitis participants, aggressive periodontitis subjects exhibited a significant positive correlation between the salivary TNF-α and PPD.
Salivary TNF-α levels are significantly higher in chronic periodontitis than in healthy subjects, but there was no significant correlation with the clinical parameters.
Journal Article
Platelet rich fibrin and xenograft in treatment of intrabony defect
For complete periodontal regeneration, delivery of growth factors in the local environment holds a great deal in adjunct to bone grafts. Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is considered as second generation platelet concentrate, consisting of viable platelets, releasing various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Hence, this case report aims to investigate the clinical and radiological (bone fill) effectiveness of autologous PRF along with the use of xenogenic bone mineral in the treatment of intra bony defects. Intrabony defect was treated with autologous PRF along with the use of xenogenic bone mineral. A decrease in probing pocket depth, gain in clinical attachment level and significant bone fill was observed at end of 6 months. The result obtained with the use of PRF may be attributed to the sustained and simultaneous release of various growth factors over a period of 7 days. In this case report, the positive clinical impact of additional application of PRF with xenogenic graft material in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defect was seen.
Journal Article
Smart Water Resource Management Using Artificial Intelligence—A Review
Water management is one of the crucial topics discussed in most of the international forums. Water harvesting and recycling are the major requirements to meet the global upcoming demand of the water crisis, which is prevalent. To achieve this, we need more emphasis on water management techniques that are applied across various categories of the applications. Keeping in mind the population density index, there is a dire need to implement intelligent water management mechanisms for effective distribution, conservation and to maintain the water quality standards for various purposes. The prescribed work discusses about few major areas of applications that are required for efficient water management. Those are recent trends in wastewater recycle, water distribution, rainwater harvesting and irrigation management using various Artificial Intelligence (AI) models. The data acquired for these applications are purely unique and also differs by type. Hence, there is a dire need to use a model or algorithm that can be applied to provide solutions across all these applications. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques along with the Internet of things (IoT) framework can facilitate in designing a smart water management system for sustainable water usage from natural resources. This work surveys various water management techniques and the use of AI/DL along with the IoT network and case studies, sample statistical analysis to develop an efficient water management framework.
Journal Article
Machinability and ANN based prediction of surface roughness for TiAlN and PCD coated end mill cutters on AA6061 hybrid composite
This research is conducted to evaluate the impact of TiAlN and polycrystalline diamond coated (PCD) end mill cutters on the machinability of a hybrid composite made from 90% AA6061, 5% C, and 5% ZrO
2
. The composite was fabricated using the stir casting method. An examination of the particle distribution of reinforcements in the AA6061 substrate was conducted using SEM. The milling operation was processed in a CNC milling machine using different cutting parameters. These included spindle velocities of 3000, 4000 and 5000 rpm, depth of cut of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mm, and feed rate of 50, 150, and 250 mm/min. The experiment was designed using an orthogonal array (L
9
) that was generated using Taguchi’s method to optimize the cutting parameters and coating. The study analyzed the width to thickness ratio and surface roughness for the 9 experimental trials. The results showed that the PCD coating had a significant effect, leading to a remarkable surface polish and reduced tool wear. Further, the prediction of the surface roughness of the TiAlN and polycrystalline diamond coated (PCD) end mill cutters were explored through the machine learning-based artificial neural network model which exhibits R
2
value of 0.9838 for showing the high accuracy.
Journal Article