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"Ji, Yun"
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Covid-19 in South Korea — Challenges of Subclinical Manifestations
Among 28 early confirmed cases of Covid-19 in South Korea, diagnosis was delayed in 11 patients because of subclinical symptoms and diverse initial manifestations. Covid-19 was diagnosed by surveillance testing in 3 patients who were asymptomatic.
Journal Article
Sphingomyelin synthase 1 mediates hepatocyte pyroptosis to trigger non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
ObjectiveLipotoxic hepatocyte injury is a primary event in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the mechanisms of lipotoxicity are not fully defined. Sphingolipids and free cholesterol (FC) mediate hepatocyte injury, but their link in NASH has not been explored. We examined the role of free cholesterol and sphingomyelin synthases (SMSs) that generate sphingomyelin (SM) and diacylglycerol (DAG) in hepatocyte pyroptosis, a specific form of programmed cell death associated with inflammasome activation, and NASH.DesignWild-type C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat and high cholesterol diet (HFHCD) to induce NASH. Hepatic SMS1 and SMS2 expressions were examined in various mouse models including HFHCD-fed mice and patients with NASH. Pyroptosis was estimated by the generation of the gasdermin-D N-terminal fragment. NASH susceptibility and pyroptosis were examined following knockdown of SMS1, protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), or the NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4).ResultsHFHCD increased the hepatic levels of SM and DAG while decreasing the level of phosphatidylcholine. Hepatic expression of Sms1 but not Sms2 was higher in mouse models and patients with NASH. FC in hepatocytes induced Sms1 expression, and Sms1 knockdown prevented HFHCD-induced NASH. DAG produced by SMS1 activated PKCδ and NLRC4 inflammasome to induce hepatocyte pyroptosis. Depletion of Nlrc4 prevented hepatocyte pyroptosis and the development of NASH. Conditioned media from pyroptotic hepatocytes activated the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome (NLRP3) in Kupffer cells, but Nlrp3 knockout mice were not protected against HFHCD-induced hepatocyte pyroptosis.ConclusionSMS1 mediates hepatocyte pyroptosis through a novel DAG-PKCδ-NLRC4 axis and holds promise as a therapeutic target for NASH.
Journal Article
Multi-Link Operation with Enhanced Synchronous Channel Access in IEEE 802.11be Wireless LANs: Coexistence Issue and Solutions
Multi-link operation is a new feature of IEEE 802.11be Extremely High Throughput (EHT) that enables the utilization of multiple links using individual frequency channels to transmit and receive between EHT devices. This paper aims to illustrate enhanced multi-link channel access schemes, identify the associated coexistence challenge, and propose solutions. First, we describe the multi-link operation of IEEE 802.11be and how the asynchronous and synchronous channel access schemes facilitate multi-link utilization. Next, we describe the design variants of the synchronous channel access scheme and demonstrate the associated coexistence challenge. Subsequently, we propose four features to address this challenge by assigning penalties to multi-link devices (repicking a backoff count, doubling the contention window size, switching to another contention window set, and compensating the backoff count) as well as five coexistence solutions derived from combinations of these features. Comparative simulation results are provided and analyzed for dense single-spot and indoor random deployment scenarios, demonstrating that the throughput and latency gains of multi-link operation differ between schemes. At the same time, we investigate the coexistence performance of multi-link operation with and without the capability of simultaneous transmission and reception and demonstrate that the proposed solutions mitigate the coexistence problem. In particular, compensating the backoff count achieves the highest coexistence performance among the proposed solutions, with a marginal throughput decrease of multi-link devices. A metric for evaluating both the throughput and latency gains and the coexistence performance of a multi-link channel access scheme using a single value is also proposed.
Journal Article
قصة نجاح \علي بابا\ : حياة \جاك ما\ أغني رجل في الصين
طفل صغير لعائلة فقيرة تهوى التمثيل، طالب فاشل يتعلم الإنجليزية، مدرس متوسط المستوى، سائق عربة بضائع، عاطل عن العمل، يفشل في الالتحاق بأي وظيفة، مترجم لغة إنجليزية محترف، صاحب شركة ترجمة، صاحب موقع إلكتروني لجمع البيانات، مؤسس أكبر موقع متخصص في التجارة بين الشركات، صاحب مؤسسة \"علي بابا\" أكبر رجل أعمال في الصين، أغنى أغنياء الصين، كل هؤلاء في الحقيقة هم شخص واحد، أو بمعنى أصح هي قصة حياة أسطورة الصين حالياً، الرجل الذي غير خريطة التجارة العالمية، إنه \"ما يون\" حسب الاسم الصيني أو جاك ما حسب ما هو معروف به في العالم، والذي يحكي كتاب \"قصة نجاح علي بابا\"، قصة صعوده والتي هي أيضا قصة صعود الصين. يقترب المؤلف من عالم \"جاك ما\" الحقيقي ويحكي قصته منذ نعومة أظفاره، حتى صار إمبراطور التجارة في العالم، إنها قصة صعود شخص وصعود دولة بحجم الصين، قصة ترفض أن يكون هناك مستحيل، وتثبت أن الأفكار هي رأس المال الأكبر في العالم، قصة الفضائي كما يجب أن يسميه الصينيون، الذي جعل حياتهم أفضل، قصة رجل حفر اسمه في تاريخ البشرية، والذي يفتح لنا بتجربته آفاقا أرحب نرى بها العالم ونرى بها أنفسنا بشكل مختلف.
Book
A submerged dielectric barrier discharge plasma inactivation mechanism of biofilms produced by Escherichia coli O157:H7, Cronobacter sakazakii, and Staphylococcus aureus
A submerged dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor (underwater DBD) has been used to inactivate biofilm produced by three different food-borne pathogens, namely
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 (ATCC 438),
Cronobacter sakazakii
(ATCC 29004), and
Staphylococcus aureus
(KCCM 40050). The inactivation that were obtained after 90 minutes of plasma operation were found to measure 5.50 log CFU/coupon, 6.88 log CFU/coupon and 4.20 log CFU/coupon for
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 (ATCC 438),
Cronobacter sakazakii
(ATCC 29004), and
Staphylococcus aureus
(KCCM 40050), respectively. Secondary Electron Images (SEI) obtained from Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) show the biofilm morphology and its removal trend by plasma operation at different time intervals. An attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) measurement was performed to elucidate the biochemical changes that occur on the bacterial cell and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of biofilm during the plasma inactivation process. The ATR-FTIR measurement shows the gradual reduction of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipid and DNA peak regions with increased plasma exposure time. The presence of an EPS layer on the upper surface of the biofilm plays a negative and significant role in its removal from stainless steel (SS) coupons.
Journal Article
Genome-wide analysis of Cushion willow provides insights into alpine plant divergence in a biodiversity hotspot
The Hengduan Mountains (HDM) biodiversity hotspot exhibits exceptional alpine plant diversity. Here, we investigate factors driving intraspecific divergence within a HDM alpine species
Salix brachista
(Cushion willow), a common component of subnival assemblages. We produce a high
-
quality genome assembly for this species and characterize its genetic diversity, population structure and pattern of evolution by resequencing individuals collected across its distribution. We detect population divergence that has been shaped by a landscape of isolated sky island-like habitats displaying strong environmental heterogeneity across elevational gradients, combined with population size fluctuations that have occurred since approximately the late Miocene. These factors are likely important drivers of intraspecific divergence within Cushion willow and possibly other alpine plants with a similar distribution. Since intraspecific divergence is often the first step toward speciation, the same factors can be important contributors to the high alpine species diversity in the HDM.
Exceptional alpine plant diversity exists in the Hengduan Mountains. Here, through genome assembly and population genomics studies, the authors find notable intraspecific divergence among Cushion willow populations isolated by the sky island-like habitats and consider it contributes to speciation and biodiversity.
Journal Article
Combining Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning and Transfer Learning for Regression
For cases in which a machine learning model needs to be adapted to a new task, various approaches have been developed, including model-agnostic meta-learning (MAML) and transfer learning. In this paper, we investigate how the differences in the data distributions between the old tasks and the new target task impact performance in regression problems. By performing experiments, we discover that these differences greatly affect the relative performance of different adaptation methods. Based on this observation, we develop ensemble schemes combining multiple adaptation methods that can handle a wide range of data distribution differences between the old and new tasks, thus offering more stable performance for a wide range of tasks. For evaluation, we consider three regression problems of sinusoidal fitting, virtual reality motion prediction, and temperature forecasting. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed ensemble schemes achieve the best performance among the considered methods in most cases.
Journal Article