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"Kain, R. J. P. (Roger J. P.)"
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Maps and the assessment of parish rates in nineteenth-century England and Wales
This paper reviews the role of maps in the assessment of rates levied for the relief of poverty in nineteenth-century England and Wales and examines the relationships between tithe maps and parochial assessment maps both in general terms and with specific reference to Poor Law unions in the county of Kent. An appendix lists 207 parochial assessment maps made in connection with the levy of poor rates which are extant in the public archives and libraries of England and Wales. Other 'lost' examples of this genre awaiting discovery in parish churches and vestries will undoubtedly add to this small but important constituent of the corpus of English and Welsh cadastral maps.
Journal Article
Structural Basis for Dual Excitation and Photoisomerization of the Aequorea victoria Green Fluorescent Protein
The 2.1- angstrom resolution crystal structure of wild-type green fluorescent protein and comparison of it with the recently determined structure of the Ser-65 → Thr (S65T) mutant explains the dual wavelength absorption and photoisomerization properties of the wild-type protein. The two absorption maxima are caused by a change in the ionization state of the chromophore. The equilibrium between these states appears to be governed by a hydrogen bond network that permits proton transfer between the chromophore and neighboring side chains. The predominant neutral form of the fluorophore maximally absorbs at 395 nm. It is maintained by the carboxylate of Glu-222 through electrostatic repulsion and hydrogen bonding via a bound water molecule and Ser-205. The ionized form of the fluorophore, absorbing at 475 nm, is present in a minor fraction of the native protein. Glu-222 donates its charge to the fluorophore by proton abstraction through a hydrogen bond network, involving Ser-205 and bound water. Further stabilization of the ionized state of the fluorophore occurs through a rearrangement of the side chains of Thr-203 and His-148. UV irradiation shifts the ratio of the two absorption maxima by pumping a proton relay from the neutral chromophore's excited state to Glu-222. Loss of the Ser-205-Glu-222 hydrogen bond and isomerization of neutral Glu-222 explains the slow return to the equilibrium dark-adapted state of the chromophore. In the S65T structure, steric hindrance by the extra methyl group stabilizes a hydrogen bonding network, which prevents ionization of Glu-222. Therefore the fluorophore is permanently ionized, causing only a 489-nm excitation peak. This new understanding of proton redistribution in green fluorescent protein should enable engineering of environmentally sensitive fluorescent indicators and UV-triggered fluorescent markers of protein diffusion and trafficking in living cells.
Journal Article
Deauville/Trouville
Following the development of Brighton in the 1760s, a sea bathing establishment was opened in Dieppe in 1778. The French Revolution temporarily truncated such frivolous activity but by the 1830s there were several small resorts along the coast catering in the main for local bathers. These included resorts with names still very familiar today like Boulogne, St. Malo, Le Havre and Le Tréport
Magazine Article
Shorter notices
The Monstrous Races in Medieval Art and Thought. By John Block Friedman. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2000. Original edition, 1981. ISBN 0 8156 2826 9. Pp. xiii, 308, illus. US $29.95 (paper).
A Guide to English Illustrated Books, 1536-1603. By Ruth Samson Luborsky and Elizabeth Morley Ingram. Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, vol. 166. Tempe: Arizona State University, 1998. ISBN 0 86698 207 8. Two volumes. Pp. (xxxii), (754), [iv]; (vi), (218), [150], [ii], illus. US $75.00.
The Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection, Library of Congress: Gerardus Mercator, Atlas sive Cosmographies Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura (Duisburg, 1595). Translated from the Latin by David Sullivan, with commentary by Robert W. Karrow, Jr. Oakland, California: Octavo, 2000. ISBN 1 891788 26 4. CD-ROM (2 discs). US $65.00. [Octavo: ; e-mail ; Octavo Customer Service, 580 Second Street, Suite 220, Oakland, CA 94607-3543.]
The Travel Diary of Robert Bargrave, Levant Merchant 1647-1656. Edited by Michael G. Brennan. Hakluyt Society Third Series, No. 3. London: The Hakluyt Society, 1999. ISBN 0 904 180 63 8. Pp. xix, 288, illus. STG £45 (doth). [The Hakluyt Society, c/o The Map Library, British Library, 96 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB, UK.]
California 49: Forty-nine Maps of California from the Sixteenth Century to the Present. Edited by Warren Heckrotte and Julie Sweetkind. California Map Society Occasional Paper no. 6. San Francisco: California Map Society with the Book Club of California, 1999. ISBN 0 1 888126 01 9. Pp. 128, illus., 7 col. plates, 1 folded map. US $49.00 (doth). [Hinckle and Sons Printing Office, 2567 Fourteenth Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94127.]
Mapping Cities. Catalogue and essay by Naomi Miller. Exhibition coordinated by Karen E. Haas. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press for Boston University Art Gallery, 2000. ISBN 1 881450 13 9. Pp. 92, 23 illus., 7 col. plates. US $20.00 (paper).
8. Kartographiehistorisches Colloquium Bern, 3.-5. Oktober 1996. Vorträge und Berichte. Edited by Wolfgang Scharfe in association with the Arbeitskreis 'Geschichte der Kartographie' der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kartographie und der Arbeitsgruppe D-A-CH deutscher, österreichischer und schweizerischer Kartographiehistoriker DGfK-ÖKK/ ÖGG-SGK. Murten: Verlag Cartographica Helvetica, 2000. (= Cartographica Helvetica, Sonderheft Nr. 16.) ISSN 1422 3392. Pp. x, 225, illus., col. plates. DM 70.00 / SFR 55.00. [Verlag Cartographica Helvetica, Untere Längmatt 9, CH-3280 Murten.]
The Universe Unveiled: Instruments and Images through History. By Bruce Stephenson, Marvin Bolt and Anna Felicity Friedman. Chicago and Cambridge: Alder Planetarium and Astronomy Museum and Cambridge University Press, 2000. ISBN 0 521 79143 X. Pp. 152, fflus., col. plates. US $29.95 (cloth). [Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, 1300 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605.]
Mikra'ot Gedolot 'Haketer': A revised and augmented scientific edition of the Mikra'ot Gedolot Based on the Aleppo Codex and Early Medieval MSS: Ezekiel. Edited by Menachem Cohen. Ramat-Gan, Israel: Bar-Han University Press, 2000. ISBN 965 226 230 7. Pp. xvii, 339, illus. NIS 94.80 (cloth). [Bar-Dan University Press, Ramat-Gan 52900 Israel].
Diercke-ein Atlas für Generationen: Hintergründe, Geschichte, und bibliographische Daten bis 1955. By Jürgen Espenhorst and Erhard Kumpel. Schwerte, Germany: Pangaea Verlag, 1999. ISBN 3 930401 50 9. Pp. 119, illus., 9 col. plates. DM 39 / Euro 20 (cloth). [Pangaea Verlag, Villigster Str. 32, 58239 Schwerte, Germany.]
Journal Article
