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"Krause, Wanda"
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The role and example of Chilean and Argentinian Mothers in democratisation
This paper explores the development issue of democratisation from a gendered perspective, emphasising the need to look for the building blocks of democracy within civil society sectors where women play a key role. Chilean and Argentinian women prove an important example for sustainable political development through their roles as Mothers, particularly in the 1980s in the movements to protest against political disappearances. The author seeks to demonstrate how these women's practical endeavours have made them an indispensable ingredient in the achievement of real democratic development at the grassroots level, and how they serve as a model for policymakers in developing countries elsewhere.
Journal Article
Gender and Participation in the Arab Gulf
The chapter seeks to understand the political roles of women in government-supported organizations in the Gulf states.With reference to the governmentality literature discussed here, it investigates the positions women occupy to support state objectives and influence change. The process of a specific type of governmentality, called rentier governmentality in the Gulf, will be discussed. Such an enquiry is important on three fronts. First, dominant theoretical frameworks in the Arab Gulf, in particular rentier state theory, inadequately explain or capture important developments. Second, it is essential to understand what processes are shaping the kinds of individuals which support state objectives and the participation of women. Thirdly, women have been viewed as tangential to political action and depicted as passive actors within the Gulf and the Middle East in general. Appreciably, we can gain a better understanding of the significance of women's participation through an unconventional approach to studying the Arab Gulf. To this end, this research relies on five years of field research in the Gulf states, particularly in the UAE and Qatar, and applies the literature on governmentality to the rentier state. To reiterate, this chapter focuses only on the role of government-supported organizations as opposed to the various other forms of organization that do exist for women in the Arab Gulf states.
Book Chapter
Citizenship, Security and Democracy, Muslim Engagement with the West
Citizenship, Security and Democracy, Muslim Engagement with the West, edited by Wanda Krause, is reviewed.
Book Review
Exome Sequencing and Optical Genome Mapping in Molecularly Unsolved Cases of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Identification of a Causative X-Chromosomal Inversion Disrupting the DMD Gene
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe progressive muscle disease that mainly affects boys due to X-linked recessive inheritance. In most affected individuals, MLPA or sequencing-based techniques detect deletions, duplications, or point mutations in the dystrophin-encoding DMD gene. However, in a small subset of patients clinically diagnosed with DMD, the molecular cause is not identified with these routine methods. Evaluation of the 60 DMD patients in our center revealed three cases without a known genetic cause. DNA samples of these patients were analyzed using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and, if unconclusive, optical genome mapping (OGM). WES led to a diagnosis in two cases: one patient was found to carry a splice mutation in the DMD gene that had not been identified during previous Sanger sequencing. In the second patient, we detected two variants in the fukutin gene (FKTN) that were presumed to be disease-causing. In the third patient, WES was unremarkable, but OGM identified an inversion disrupting the DMD gene (~1.28 Mb) that was subsequently confirmed with long-read sequencing. These results highlight the importance of reanalyzing unsolved cases using WES and demonstrate that OGM is a useful method for identifying large structural variants in cases with unremarkable exome sequencing.
Journal Article
Exome Sequencing and Optical Genome Mapping in Molecularly Unsolved Cases of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Identification of a Causative X-Chromosomal Inversion Disrupting the IDMD/I Gene
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe progressive muscle disease that mainly affects boys due to X-linked recessive inheritance. In most affected individuals, MLPA or sequencing-based techniques detect deletions, duplications, or point mutations in the dystrophin-encoding DMD gene. However, in a small subset of patients clinically diagnosed with DMD, the molecular cause is not identified with these routine methods. Evaluation of the 60 DMD patients in our center revealed three cases without a known genetic cause. DNA samples of these patients were analyzed using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and, if unconclusive, optical genome mapping (OGM). WES led to a diagnosis in two cases: one patient was found to carry a splice mutation in the DMD gene that had not been identified during previous Sanger sequencing. In the second patient, we detected two variants in the fukutin gene (FKTN) that were presumed to be disease-causing. In the third patient, WES was unremarkable, but OGM identified an inversion disrupting the DMD gene (~1.28 Mb) that was subsequently confirmed with long-read sequencing. These results highlight the importance of reanalyzing unsolved cases using WES and demonstrate that OGM is a useful method for identifying large structural variants in cases with unremarkable exome sequencing.
Journal Article
Comparative effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K antagonists for atrial fibrillation in clinical practice: GLORIA-AF Registry
Background and purpose
Prospectively collected data comparing the safety and effectiveness of individual non-vitamin K antagonists (NOACs) are lacking. Our objective was to directly compare the effectiveness and safety of NOACs in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF).
Methods
In GLORIA-AF, a large, prospective, global registry program, consecutive patients with newly diagnosed AF were followed for 3 years. The comparative analyses for (1) dabigatran vs rivaroxaban or apixaban and (2) rivaroxaban vs apixaban were performed on propensity score (PS)-matched patient sets. Proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for outcomes of interest.
Results
The GLORIA-AF Phase III registry enrolled 21,300 patients between January 2014 and December 2016. Of these, 3839 were prescribed dabigatran, 4015 rivaroxaban and 4505 apixaban, with median ages of 71.0, 71.0, and 73.0 years, respectively. In the PS-matched set, the adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dabigatran vs rivaroxaban were, for stroke: 1.27 (0.79–2.03), major bleeding 0.59 (0.40–0.88), myocardial infarction 0.68 (0.40–1.16), and all-cause death 0.86 (0.67–1.10). For the comparison of dabigatran vs apixaban, in the PS-matched set, the adjusted HRs were, for stroke 1.16 (0.76–1.78), myocardial infarction 0.84 (0.48–1.46), major bleeding 0.98 (0.63–1.52) and all-cause death 1.01 (0.79–1.29). For the comparison of rivaroxaban vs apixaban, in the PS-matched set, the adjusted HRs were, for stroke 0.78 (0.52–1.19), myocardial infarction 0.96 (0.63–1.45), major bleeding 1.54 (1.14–2.08), and all-cause death 0.97 (0.80–1.19).
Conclusions
Patients treated with dabigatran had a 41% lower risk of major bleeding compared with rivaroxaban, but similar risks of stroke, MI, and death. Relative to apixaban, patients treated with dabigatran had similar risks of stroke, major bleeding, MI, and death. Rivaroxaban relative to apixaban had increased risk for major bleeding, but similar risks for stroke, MI, and death.
Registration
URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT01468701, NCT01671007. Date of registration: September 2013.
Graphical abstract
Journal Article
Correction to: Comparative effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K antagonists for atrial fibrillation in clinical practice: GLORIA-AF Registry
In this article, the name of the GLORIA-AF investigator Anastasios Kollias was given incorrectly as Athanasios Kollias in the Acknowledgements. The original article has been corrected.
Journal Article