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VISUAL INTRUSION, PUBLIC INTERESTS AND PRIVATE NUISANCE: FEARN V TATE
Questions about the proper place of tort are not new, and technological, social and regulatory change frequently challenge private nuisance. In 'Fearn v Board of Trustees of Tate Gallery' [2023] UKSC 4, the Supreme Court goes out of its way to emphasise the simplicity with which the ancient tort of private nuisance can be applied to what it describes as a \"straightforward case of nuisance\", in which \"developments in technology\" play a significant role (at [7], [103]). For all its purported simplicity, however, it took nearly 14 months to hand down a split judgment running to 283 paragraphs. The High Court ([2019] EWHC 246 (Ch)) and Court of Appeal ([2020] Ch 621) moreover, reached the opposite result from the Supreme Court, each for different reasons.
Journal Article
Managing the health effects of climate change
[...] policies must be adopted to reduce carbon emissions and to increase carbon biosequestration, and thereby slow down global warming and eventually stabilise temperatures. [...] appropriate public health systems should be put into place to deal with adverse outcomes.
Journal Article
Expression of the transcription factor PU.1 induces the generation of microglia-like cells in human cortical organoids
Microglia play a role in the emergence and preservation of a healthy brain microenvironment. Dysfunction of microglia has been associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Investigating the function of human microglia in health and disease has been challenging due to the limited models of the human brain available. Here, we develop a method to generate functional microglia in human cortical organoids (hCOs) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We apply this system to study the role of microglia during inflammation induced by amyloid-β (Aβ). The overexpression of the myeloid-specific transcription factor PU.1 generates microglia-like cells in hCOs, producing mhCOs (microglia-containing hCOs), that we engraft in the mouse brain. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals that mhCOs acquire a microglia cell cluster with an intact complement and chemokine system. Functionally, microglia in mhCOs protect parenchyma from cellular and molecular damage caused by Aβ. Furthermore, in mhCOs, we observed reduced expression of Aβ-induced expression of genes associated with apoptosis, ferroptosis, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) stage III. Finally, we assess the function of AD-associated genes highly expressed in microglia in response to Aβ using pooled CRISPRi coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing in mhCOs. In summary, we provide a protocol to generate mhCOs that can be used in fundamental and translational studies as a model to investigate the role of microglia in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
The study of human microglia function in health and disease is limited by the availability of sound models. Here, the authors develop a method to generate functional microglia in human cortical organoids and investigate the role of human microglia during amyloid beta1-42- induced inflammation.
Journal Article
Practice recommendations for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis among children in Hong Kong
Hong Kong has a high burden of hospitalisations associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in young children. Most international guidelines concerning RSV prophylaxis are based on studies conducted in temperate climates and may not fully apply to subtropical locations such as Hong Kong. In July 2022, a group of nine experts in neonatology, paediatric intensive care, paediatric respiratory medicine, and paediatric cardiology in Hong Kong convened to formulate recommendations for RSV prophylaxis. The recommendations were based on literature review and expert discussion. Each expert reviewed evidence specific to a particular area and formulated consensus statements. The expert panel reached a consensus on 11 statements, which addressed the epidemiology of RSV infection in Hong Kong, the goals and outcomes of RSV prophylaxis in preterm infants and infants with congenital heart disease or bronchopulmonary dysplasia, safety, and cost. Because there is no clear seasonality pattern for RSV infection in Hong Kong, panel members emphasised using gestational age, rather than season, to guide prophylaxis recommendations. The experts agreed that RSV prophylaxis should be considered for 5 to 6 months after hospital discharge among preterm infants born at <29 weeks gestational age; it should also be considered for children aged <1 year with haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease or bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Journal Article
Ethical Concerns in Poultry Production: A German Consumer Survey About Dual Purpose Chickens
The paper offers insights into the acceptability of ethical issues in poultry production and how this situation provides an opportunity to transform the prevailing system into a more sustainable one. The survey among German consumers reveals that killing day-old chicks is a well-known practice and is rated as “very problematic”. In contrast, dual-purpose chickens are mostly unknown but are considered a positive alternative to killing day-old chicks (after the concept has been explained). Consumer clusters were identified regarding purchasing criteria for dual-purpose chickens, purchasing routines and socio-economic factors. Three of the five clusters—the perfectionists, idealists, and realists—turned out to be potential buyers. To develop a suitable marketing strategy, it is recommended that the added value of dual-purpose chickens be comprehensibly communicated. From a multi-level perspective, rearing dual-purpose chickens has a competitive disadvantage compared to system-compliant alternatives (in-ovo sexing, “lay hen brothers”). Through increasing external pressure, the different alternatives can jointly contribute to a regime shift.
Journal Article
Optimized treatment parameter by computer simulation for high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment of uterine adenomyosis: Short-term and long-term results
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of using optimized parameters obtained by computer simulation for ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment of uterine adenomyosis in comparison with conventional parameters. We retrospectively assessed a single-institution, prospective study that was registered at Clinical Research Information Service (CRiS) of Republic of Korea (KCT0003586). Sixty-six female participants (median age: 44 years) with focal uterine adenomyosis were prospectively enrolled. All participants were treated with a HIFU system by using treatment parameters either for treating uterine fibroids (Group A, first 20 participants) or obtained via computer simulation (Group B, later 46 participants). To assess the treatment efficacy of HIFU, qualitative indices, including the clinically effective dysmenorrhea improvement index (DII), were evaluated up to 3 years after treatment, whereas quantitative indices, such as the nonperfused volume ratio and adenomyosis volume shrinkage ratio (AVSR), on MRI were evaluated up to 3 months after treatment. Quantitative/qualitative indices were compared between Groups A and B by using generalized linear mixed effect model. A safety assessment was also performed. Results showed that clinically effective DII was more frequently observed in Group B than in Group A (odds ratio, 3.69; P = 0.025), and AVSR were higher in Group B than in Group A (least-squares means, 21.61; P = 0.001). However, two participants in Group B developed skin burns at the buttock and sciatic nerve pain and required treatment. In conclusion, parameters obtained by computer simulation were more effective than the conventional parameters for treating uterine adenomyosis by using HIFU in terms of clinically effective DII and AVSR. However, care should be taken because of the risk of adverse events.
Journal Article
Safety and efficacy study of laparoscopic or robotic radical surgery using an endoscopic stapler for inhibiting tumour spillage of cervical malignant neoplasms evaluating survival (SOLUTION): a multi-centre, open-label, single-arm, phase II trial protocol
Background
The Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer trial and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program database study demonstrated that minimally invasive radical hysterectomy was inferior to abdominal radical hysterectomy in terms of disease recurrence and survival. Among risk factors related to poor prognosis after minimally invasive surgery (MIS), tumour spillage during intracorporeal colpotomy became a significant issue. Thus, we designed this trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive radical hysterectomy using an endoscopic stapler for early-stage cervical cancer.
Methods
This trial is a prospective, multi-centre, open-label, single-arm, non-inferiority phase II study. The nine organisations will participate in this trial after the approval of the institutional review board. Major eligibility criteria include women aged 20 years or older with cervical cancer stage IB1 squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, or adenosquamous carcinoma according to the revised 2009 FIGO staging system who will undergo type B2 or C hysterectomy by MIS. The primary endpoint is the 4.5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate between abdominal radical hysterectomy and MIS using an endoscopic stapler. For calculating the sample size, we hypothesised that the 4.5-year DFS rate after MIS using an endoscopic stapler is assumed to be the same after abdominal radical hysterectomy at 90.9%, and the non-inferiority margin was 7.2%. When we consider a three-year accrual and 4.5-year follow-up, at least 13 events must happen, requiring a total of 111 patients assuming a statistical power of 80% and the one-tailed test of 5% significance. A total of 124 patients is needed, considering a drop-out rate of 10%.
Discussion
We expect intracorporeal colpotomy using an endoscopic stapler may prevent tumour spillage during MIS for stage IB1 cervical cancer, showing a comparable prognosis with abdominal radical surgery.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov
;
NCT04370496
; registration date, May 2020.
Journal Article
The fear of missing out influence on excitement-seeking and the thrill of a sale
Fear of missing out (FOMO), conceptualized from self-determination theory (SDT), is a sense of disconnect from others that produces negative emotions (e.g., anxiety). Social Cognitive Theory of Internet Uses and Gratifications (U&G) explains the development of social media (SM) socio-structural value systems have created a feedback loop to share content for rewards. We investigate how consumers transfer FOMO to their purchasing behaviors to relieve negative emotions. Moderated meditation path analysis results (N = 873) displayed a direct positive relationship between FOMO with excitement-seeking and deal-seeking. The need for online social feedback (NFOSF) positively mediated these main effects. Connection to community/group, as a moderator, heighted the NFOSF. Results evinced greater connection to a community has a feedback loop to seek and share exciting content. Excitement can also come from the thrill of buying a product on sale.
Journal Article