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"Liu, Qin"
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Liangzhu culture : society, belief, and art in Neolithic China
\"Liangzhu culture (5,300-4,300 cal B.P.) represented the peak of prehistoric cultural and social development in the Yangtze Delta. Its centre is located near nowadays Hangzhou city and is considered one of the earliest urban centres in prehistoric China, called by archaeologists the Liangzhu Site Complex. Although it remains a mystery for many in the west, Liangzhu is well known in China for its fine jade crafting industry; its enormous, well-structured earthen compound and recently discovered hydraulic system; and its far-flung impact on contemporary and succeeding cultures. With six chapters contributed by frontline archaeologists, Liangzhu Culture contextualises Liangzhu in broad socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds and provides new, first-hand data to help explain the development and structure of this early urban centre. Among its many insights, the volume reveals how elites used jade as a means of acquiring social power, and how Liangzhu and its centre stand in comparison to other prehistoric urban centres in the world. This book, the first of its kind published in English language, will be a useful guide to students at all levels interested in material cultures and social structures in prehistoric China and beyond\"-- Provided by publisher.
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Coherent quantum control of nitrogen-vacancy center spins near 1000 kelvin
Quantum coherence control usually requires low temperature environments. Even for nitrogen-vacancy center spins in diamond, a remarkable exception, the coherence signal is limited to about 700 K due to the quench of the spin-dependent fluorescence at a higher temperature. Here we overcome this limit and demonstrate quantum coherence control of the electron spins of nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds at temperatures near 1000 K. The scheme is based on initialization and readout of the spins at room temperature and control at high temperature, which is enabled by pulse laser heating and rapid diffusion cooling of nanodiamonds on amorphous carbon films. Using the diamond magnetometry based on optically detected magnetic resonance up to 800 K, we observe the magnetic phase transition of a single nickel nanoparticle at about 615 K. This work enables nano-thermometry and nano-magnetometry in the high-temperature regime.
The spins of nitrogen vacancy centres have been shown to be sensitive, high-temperature quantum probes of magnetic fields but the usual readout scheme fails above 550 K. Here the authors demonstrate coherent control and sensing up to 1000 K by using fast temperature control to reach the conditions for readout.
Journal Article
Enhancing oxidation resistance of Cu(I) by tailoring microenvironment in zeolites for efficient adsorptive desulfurization
The zeolite Cu(I)Y is promising for adsorptive removal of thiophenic sulfur compounds from transportation fuels. However, its application is seriously hindered by the instability of Cu(I), which is easily oxidized to Cu(II) even under atmospheric environment due to the coexistence of moisture and oxygen. Here, we report the adjustment of zeolite microenvironment from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic status by coating polydimethylsiloxane (yielding Cu(I)Y@P), which isolates moisture entering the pores and subsequently stabilizes Cu(I) despite the presence of oxygen. Cu(I) in Cu(I)Y@P is stable upon exposure to humid atmosphere for 6 months, while almost all Cu(I) is oxidized to Cu(II) in Cu(I)Y for only 2 weeks. The optimized Cu(I)Y@P material after moisture exposure can remove 532 μmol g
−1
of thiophene and is much superior to Cu(I)Y (116 μmol g
−1
), regardless of similar uptakes for unexposed adsorbents. Remarkably, Cu(I)Y@P shows excellent adsorption capacity of desulfurization for water-containing model fuel.
Zeolite Cu(I)Y is attractive for adsorptive removal of sulfur compounds from fuel, however practical application is limited by instability of Cu(I). Here the authors use a coating to achieve superhydrophobicity in the zeolite, leading to improved Cu(I) stability against oxidation and thiophene removal.
Journal Article
Evaluation of innovation primacy in cross-regional central cities: Evidence from the Huaihai Economic Zone in China (2010–2020)
With the intensification of global economic competition, innovation has become one of the core elements of vigorous development in various regions. Improving the innovation ability of cross-regional central cities is the main factor influencing whether a region can achieve economic and social development. In this paper, an innovation primacy index system is designed according to the links of the innovation value chain, and the innovation advantages and empirical effects are comprehensively analyzed by using the point-to-point method, entropy weight method, gravity model and two-way fixed effect model. Based on the data of 8 cities in the core area of the Huaihai Economic Zone from 2010 to 2020 in China, Xuzhou’s innovation primacy ranks first in the core area of the Huaihai Economic Zone, which accords with its status as the central city of the region. Its index has been rising, and its development trend is also good. However, the overall innovation ability of the core area of the Huaihai Economic Zone is unbalanced; the overall economic foundation is not solid enough. In terms of knowledge innovation, R&D innovation and industrial innovation, the industrialization level, around the activation of Xuzhou city vitality, enhances the Xuzhou innovation radiation drive, leading to a decrease in the Huaihai Economic Zone. Finally, some corresponding suggestions on innovation primacy have been proposed for the city of the Huaihai Economic Zone.
Journal Article
Hybrid nanodiamond quantum sensors enabled by volume phase transitions of hydrogels
Diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center-based magnetometry provides a unique opportunity for quantum bio-sensing. However, NV centers are not sensitive to parameters such as temperature and pressure, and immune to many biochemical parameters such as pH and non-magnetic biomolecules. Here, we propose a scheme that can potentially enable the measurement of various biochemical parameters using diamond quantum sensing, by employing stimulus-responsive hydrogels as a spacing transducer in-between a nanodiamond (ND, with NV centers) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The volume phase transition of hydrogel upon stimulation leads to sharp variation in the separation distance between the MNPs and the ND. This in turn changes the magnetic field that the NV centers can detect sensitively. We construct a temperature sensor under this hybrid scheme and show the proof-of-the-principle demonstration of reversible temperature sensing. Applications in the detection of other bio-relevant parameters are envisioned if appropriate types of hydrogels can be engineered.
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds are used for quantum sensing but NV centers are not sensitive to parameters such as temperature, pressure and biomolecules. Here the authors propose a scheme based on a magnetic nanoparticle docked responsive hydrogel which acts as a transducer between the particles and the diamond.
Journal Article
Analyzing the innovation ability of listed companies in the core area of the Huaihai economic zone
The strategic position of the core area of the Huaihai Economic Zone is very important. The evaluation and analysis of the listed companies’ innovation ability in this core area effectively reflect the level of innovation ability of regional enterprises and uncover the differences and influencing factors of the enterprise innovation ability level across different cities and industries; this would provide a reference for further improving the enterprise innovation ability level in the Huaihai Economic Zone. Given this context, data are collected from the CSMAR database on 37 listed companies in eight cities in the Huaihai Economic Zone core area from 2017 to 2021, and an innovation ability evaluation index is constructed from the innovation input and innovation output dimensions of listed companies. The results show that the innovation ability of listed companies in the region is weak; the main reason for the lack of innovation ability of listed companies is the lack of capital investment and talent investment; the innovation primacy of Xuzhou listed enterprises is not high. Finally, in view of the improvement of the innovation ability of listed enterprises in the core field, corresponding suggestions are put forward from the aspects of increasing innovation investment, optimizing the innovation environment and improving the innovation leading force in Xuzhou.
Journal Article
Nanoconfinement steers nonradical pathway transition in single atom fenton-like catalysis for improving oxidant utilization
The introduction of single-atom catalysts (SACs) into Fenton-like oxidation promises ultrafast water pollutant elimination, but the limited access to pollutants and oxidant by surface catalytic sites and the intensive oxidant consumption still severely restrict the decontamination performance. While nanoconfinement of SACs allows drastically enhanced decontamination reaction kinetics, the detailed regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we unveil that, apart from local enrichment of reactants, the catalytic pathway shift is also an important cause for the reactivity enhancement of nanoconfined SACs. The surface electronic structure of cobalt site is altered by confining it within the nanopores of mesostructured silica particles, which triggers a fundamental transition from singlet oxygen to electron transfer pathway for 4-chlorophenol oxidation. The changed pathway and accelerated interfacial mass transfer render the nanoconfined system up to 34.7-fold higher pollutant degradation rate and drastically raised peroxymonosulfate utilization efficiency (from 61.8% to 96.6%) relative to the unconfined control. It also demonstrates superior reactivity for the degradation of other electron-rich phenolic compounds, good environment robustness, and high stability for treating real lake water. Our findings deepen the knowledge of nanoconfined catalysis and may inspire innovations in low-carbon water purification technologies and other heterogeneous catalytic applications.
Nanoconfining single metal atom catalysts leads to faster decontamination, primarily due to improved interfacial mass transfer. This study identifies a change in the catalytic pathway as an additional significant factor contributing to the enhanced performance.
Journal Article
Review of Polymer-Based Composites for Electromagnetic Shielding Application
The rapid advancement of electronic communication technology has greatly aided human productivity and quality of life, but it has also resulted in significant electromagnetic pollution issues. Traditional metals and alloys are often used for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding due to their excellent electrical conductivity. However, they have drawbacks such as being heavy, expensive, and having low corrosion resistance, which limits their application in electromagnetic shielding. Therefore, it is crucial to develop novel EMI shielding materials. Polymers, being highly flexible, corrosion-resistant, and possessing high specific strength, are frequently employed in electromagnetic shielding materials. In this review, we firstly introduce the basic theory of electromagnetic shielding. Then, we outline the processing methods and recent developments of polymer-based electromagnetic shielding composites, including uniform-, foam-, layered-, and segregated structures. Lastly, we present the challenges and prospects for the field, aiming to provide direction and inspiration for the study of polymer-based electromagnetic shielding composite materials.
Journal Article
Dendritic cell biology and its role in tumor immunotherapy
As crucial antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) play a vital role in tumor immunotherapy. Taking into account the many recent advances in DC biology, we discuss how DCs (1) recognize pathogenic antigens with pattern recognition receptors through specific phagocytosis and through non-specific micropinocytosis, (2) process antigens into small peptides with proper sizes and sequences, and (3) present MHC-peptides to CD4
+
and CD8
+
T cells to initiate immune responses against invading microbes and aberrant host cells. During anti-tumor immune responses, DC-derived exosomes were discovered to participate in antigen presentation. T cell microvillar dynamics and TCR conformational changes were demonstrated upon DC antigen presentation. Caspase-11-driven hyperactive DCs were recently reported to convert effectors into memory T cells. DCs were also reported to crosstalk with NK cells. Additionally, DCs are the most important sentinel cells for immune surveillance in the tumor microenvironment. Alongside DC biology, we review the latest developments for DC-based tumor immunotherapy in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Personalized DC vaccine-induced T cell immunity, which targets tumor-specific antigens, has been demonstrated to be a promising form of tumor immunotherapy in patients with melanoma. Importantly, allogeneic-IgG-loaded and HLA-restricted neoantigen DC vaccines were discovered to have robust anti-tumor effects in mice. Our comprehensive review of DC biology and its role in tumor immunotherapy aids in the understanding of DCs as the mentors of T cells and as novel tumor immunotherapy cells with immense potential.
Journal Article
A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin
Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 18 years ago, a large number of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) have been discovered in their natural reservoir host, bats
1
–
4
. Previous studies have shown that some bat SARSr-CoVs have the potential to infect humans
5
–
7
. Here we report the identification and characterization of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans in Wuhan, China. The epidemic, which started on 12 December 2019, had caused 2,794 laboratory-confirmed infections including 80 deaths by 26 January 2020. Full-length genome sequences were obtained from five patients at an early stage of the outbreak. The sequences are almost identical and share 79.6% sequence identity to SARS-CoV. Furthermore, we show that 2019-nCoV is 96% identical at the whole-genome level to a bat coronavirus. Pairwise protein sequence analysis of seven conserved non-structural proteins domains show that this virus belongs to the species of SARSr-CoV. In addition, 2019-nCoV virus isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a critically ill patient could be neutralized by sera from several patients. Notably, we confirmed that 2019-nCoV uses the same cell entry receptor—angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2)—as SARS-CoV.
Characterization of full-length genome sequences from patients infected with a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) shows that the sequences are nearly identical and indicates that the virus is related to a bat coronavirus.
Journal Article