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Objectives: Tibial shaft fractures (TSFs) represent the most common diaphyseal fractures in adults. The gold-standard treatment is intramedullary nailing. Recently, the suprapatellar technique has been increasingly adopted due to its ability to reduce complications associated with the infrapatellar approach. Currently, no clinical score for leg fractures comprehensively assesses the entire lower limb. Therefore, we reviewed the main lower-limb scores available in the literature and developed a new clinical evaluation tool for tibial shaft fractures. The aim of our study was to report our experience with both techniques, to compare the outcomes of our prospective study with the international literature, and to propose a new, easy-to-apply, and reproducible clinical score that evaluates the specific functions of the entire lower limb. Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 920 tibial shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nailing via either a suprapatellar or infrapatellar approach. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A, including 420 patients treated with the infrapatellar approach; Group B, including 500 patients treated with the suprapatellar approach. Follow-up included clinical and radiographic assessments at 1, 3, and 6 months, and annually thereafter. We evaluated differences in patient positioning, operation time, radiation exposure, healing rate, incidence of pseudarthrosis and infection, return to ambulation, residual knee pain and fracture site, persistent lameness, and deformities. For the clinical assessment, we devised a new score—the Catania Hospital Score (CHS)—by integrating the most relevant clinical items from existing lower-limb evaluation tools. The CHS includes anterior knee pain (20 points), lameness (5 points), swelling (10 points), stair-climbing ability (10 points), tibial pain (15 points), the ability to perform daily activities (20 points), and evaluation of deformities (varus/valgus, shortening, rotation, and recurvatum/procurvatum (40 points)), for a total of 120 points. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in Group B regarding a shorter surgical time, a reduced patient positioning time, and decreased radiation exposure. The CHSs were significantly better for Group B at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. No statistically significant differences were found in infection or pseudarthrosis rates between the two groups. Notably, no cases of chronic knee pain were reported in patients treated with the suprapatellar approach. Conclusions: Both surgical approaches are valid and effective. However, our findings indicate that the suprapatellar approach reduces the complications of the infrapatellar technique, improves postoperative outcomes, and does not result in chronic knee pain. The CHS provides a comprehensive, practical, and reproducible tool to assess functional recovery in patients treated with intramedullary tibial nailing.

This paper proposes a philosophical-theological reflection on the concepts of virtue and the common good in contrast with the disintegrating effects of the Marxist utopia in modern society. It observes that the twentieth century was marked by a crisis of political and civil structures, caused by ideological adherence to forms of political messianism that fragmented the social fabric and obscured the understanding of the ethical and metaphysical foundations of human coexistence. Longo argues that, in order to avoid a merely ideological or moralistic reading of these concepts, it is necessary to return to a gnoseological perspective that recovers their original and transcendent meaning. The analysis thus proposes a path that unites the philosophical and theological dimensions, guided by two central questions: how is it possible to love one’s enemies and do good to those who hate us, and what is truth? These questions function as hermeneutical keys for understanding the collapse of political mimesis — in which collective desire turns into rivalry — and the ensuing sacrificial crisis that characterizes modernity. The study therefore seeks to reconstruct a vision of the common good grounded in virtue and the recognition of otherness, overcoming both moral reductionism and the utopian illusions that replace the ethical and spiritual dimension of political life with ideological simulacra. Propõe-se uma reflexão filosófico-teológica sobre os conceitos de virtude e bem comum em confronto com os efeitos desagregadores da utopia marxista na sociedade moderna. Constata-se que o século XX foi marcado pela crise das estruturas políticas e civis, provocada pela adesão ideológica a formas de messianismo político que fragmentaram o tecido social e obscureceram a compreensão dos fundamentos éticos e metafísicos da convivência humana. Longo argumenta-se que, para evitar uma leitura meramente ideológica ou moralista desses conceitos, é necessário um retorno gnoseológico que recupere seu sentido originário e transcendente. A análise propõe, assim, um percurso que une a dimensão filosófica à teológica, orientado por duas perguntas centrais: como é possível amar os inimigos e fazer o bem a quem nos odeia, e o que é a verdade? Tais questões funcionam como chaves hermenêuticas para compreender o colapso da mímese política — em que o desejo coletivo se desvia para a rivalidade — e a consequente crise sacrificial que caracteriza a modernidade. O estudo busca, portanto, reconstruir uma visão do bem comum fundada na virtude e no reconhecimento da alteridade, superando tanto o reducionismo moral quanto as ilusões utópicas que substituem a dimensão ética e espiritual da vida política por simulacros ideológicos.

Ankle arthrodesis is a commonly used salvage procedure in the management of post-traumatic ankle fractures, which often result in severe disability and may require the amputation of the distal third of the leg. Successful ankle arthrodesis relies on a thorough assessment of local and systemic risk factors to ensure optimal results. Failure to accurately assess these factors may lead to unsatisfactory results. High-energy trauma causing bone defects and soft tissue necrosis often results in osteomyelitis, a condition that poses a significant threat to the success of the arthrodesis procedure. It is important to apply a standardised surgical protocol to minimise the possibility of superficial and deep infection and limit damage to the neighbouring soft tissues. Therefore, it is critical to undertake surgical lavage and debridement and administer systemic and local antibiotic therapy, along with the use of a spacer, to eradicate infection prior to performing arthrodesis. In this study, we present our experience in the recovery of limbs with post-traumatic complications via tibio-astragalic or tibio-calcaneal arthrodesis using a retrograde intramedullary nail technique. The approach involves a multi-step procedure using a previous antibiotic spacer implant and an autologous bone graft (RIA). This study spanned a period from January 2014 to December 2021 and included 35 patients (12 women and 23 men) with a mean age of 47.8 ± 20.08 years (range: 22–85 years). Among the patients, 18 had osteomyelitis following AO 43 C3 fractures, and 9 of them had previous exposure and bone loss at the time of injury. The remaining cases included 10 patients with AO 44 C fracture outcomes and 7 patients with AO 44 B fracture outcomes. Our results emphasise the importance of the meticulous management of local and systemic risk factors in ankle arthrodesis procedures. The successful eradication of infection and subsequent arthrodesis can be achieved via the implementation of surgical lavage, debridement, and systemic and local antibiotic therapy using spacers. This surgical protocol implemented by us has yielded excellent results, saving affected limbs from post-traumatic complications and avoiding the need for amputation. Our study contributes to the existing knowledge supporting the use of retrograde arthrodesis with intramedullary nails in severe cases where limb salvage is the primary goal. However, further research and long-term follow-up studies are needed to validate these results and evaluate the effectiveness of this technique in a larger patient population.

Background: Roy-Camille reported only three patients in their Type 3 posttraumatic transverse sacral fracture (TSF) classification. A modified Roy-Camille classification has been already proposed by other authors suggesting further categorization of the TSFs as partially displaced or completely displaced to predict the rate of neurological recovery following lumbopelvic fixation. Materials and Methods: We reported three adult cases of surgical fixation of fracture-dislocation (3A and 3B) of the sacrum due to traumatic injuries and submitted to lumbopelvic posterior reconstruction. A case of a 15-year-old male patient affected by Type 3C with vascular pelvic injury was also reported. A comprehensive literature search was performed on evaluation and management of Type 3 TSFs. Results: In Type 3A, there is a minimal anterior dislocation and the reduction is feasible with good chance of recovery. In Type 3B, the anterior dislocation is severe, neurological deficits are present, reduction is difficult, and there is a risk of vascular injury both at the trauma and during the surgical reduction. In Type 3C, the anterior dislocation is massive, and the risk of vascular injury is very high requiring prompt vascular or endovascular treatment. Open reduction and posterior instrumentation are technically feasible in patients affected by Type 3 high TSFs. Conclusions: In our opinion, a modified Roy-Camille classification could be useful in the assessment of prognostic and therapeutic aspects of such fractures, In our opinion, a modified Roy-Camille classification could help assess the prognostic and therapeutic aspects of such fractures, in which the severity of the dislocation affects the surgical technique, the chance of neurological recovery, and the patient's life expectancy.

The recognition of self as other and others as self continues to be one of the greatest challenges to the ethos necessary for institutions, public and private, engaged in hospitality. Indeed, hospitality is an intrinsic part of the recognition of the common and communal bond in which each human person can rediscover a sense of belonging and his or her own specific creaturality, the fruit of mutual and diverse encounters in the relationship between peoples and among peoples. Inspired by papal words and documents, as well as philosophical and political debates of jus, here we defend the value of experiences of mutual bonds of memory and humanitarian revelation, in which a clear distinction between demos and ethnos can be established. By questioning globalization in its economic and financial promises, unrelated to human dignity and hospitality, it reveals how paths to peace are sustained by the synodal consolidation of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Thus, a distinction must be made between claims of ethnic recognition, on the one hand, and the promises of global recognition of civil rights and pseudo-cultural acquisitions, which have in recent years risen to legal protection and political guarantee; on the other hand, it is pointed out that true recognition of the human person as constituted in a relational, social and community dignity is only beyond the economic-financial constraints of globalization.

Altered bowel flora is currently thought to play a role in a variety of disease conditions, and the use of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. as probiotics has been demonstrated to be health-promoting, even if the success of their administration depends on the applied bacterial strain（s） and the targeted disease. In the last few decades, specific probiotics have been shown to be effective in the treatment or the prevention of acute viral gastroenteritis, pediatric post-antibiotic-associated diarrhea, some pediatric allergic disorders, necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants, inflammatory bowel diseases and postsurgical pouchitis. The potential application of probiotics is continuously widening, with new evidence accumulating to support their effect on the prevention and treatment of other disease conditions, including several oral diseases, such as dental caries, periodontal diseases and oral malodor, as well as genitourinary and wound infections. Considering the increasingly widespread ability of pathogens to generate persistent biofilm-related infections, an even more attractive proposal is to administer probiotics to prevent or counteract biofilm development.The response of biofilm-based oral, intestinal, vaginal and wound infections to probiotics treatment will be reviewed here in light of the most recent results obtained in this field.

The recognition of self as other and others as self continues to be one of the greatest challenges to the ethos necessary for institutions, public and private, engaged in hospitality. Indeed, hospitality is an intrinsic part of the recognition of the common and communal bond in which each human person can rediscover a sense of belonging and his or her own specific creaturality, the fruit of mutual and diverse encounters in the relationship between peoples and among peoples. Inspired by papal words and documents, as well as philosophical and political debates of jus, here we defend the value of experiences of mutual bonds of memory and humanitarian revelation, in which a clear distinction between demos and ethnos can be established. By questioning globalization in its economic and financial promises, unrelated to human dignity and hospitality, it reveals how paths to peace are sustained by the synodal consolidation of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Thus, a distinction must be made between claims of ethnic recognition, on the one hand, and the promises of global recognition of civil rights and pseudo-cultural acquisitions, which have in recent years risen to legal protection and political guarantee; on the other hand, it is pointed out that true recognition of the human person as constituted in a relational, social and community dignity is only beyond the economic-financial constraints of globalization.

Antonio Malo’s Victims and Oppressors: The Woke Ideology provides a philosophical and anthropological critique of the Woke movement and its influence on contemporary society. Malo examines how Woke ideology, in its quest to liberate people from social and sexual repression, inadvertently imposes a new form of ideological control that dehumanizes the individual. The book delves into the contradictions of this ideology, which enforces a singular collective identity that suppresses individual expressions. It also explores the extreme politicization of issues such as gender, sexuality, and individual freedom. Malo discusses the self-sufficiency of ideological power and how it paradoxically oppresses those it aims to liberate, leading to a form of ideological totalitarianism. He reflects on the deconstruction of the human subject, where the pursuit of absolute freedom results in new forms of oppression and exclusion. O livro Vittime e oppressori. L'ideologia Woke de Antonio Malo oferece uma crítica filosófica e antropológica ao movimento Woke e seus impactos na sociedade contemporânea. Malo analisa como a ideologia Woke, ao buscar a libertação da repressão social e sexual, acaba por instaurar um novo tipo de controle ideológico que desumaniza o indivíduo. A obra explora as contradições dessa ideologia, como a imposição de uma única identidade coletiva que oprime as expressões individuais, além de examinar a politização extrema de questões como gênero, sexualidade e liberdade individual. O autor discute a autossuficiência do poder ideológico e como ele paradoxalmente oprime aqueles que pretende libertar, levando a um totalitarismo ideológico. Malo também reflete sobre a desconstrução do sujeito humano, onde a busca pela liberdade absoluta resulta em novas formas de opressão e exclusão.

Background: Syndesmotic injuries are common lesions associated with ankle fractures. Static and dynamic fixation are frequently used in syndesmotic injury-associated ankle fractures. The purpose of this study is to compare short- and mid-term quality of life, clinical outcomes, and gait after static stabilization with a trans-syndesmotic screw or dynamic stabilization with a suture button device. Methods: Here, 230 patients were enrolled in a retrospective observational study. They were divided in two groups according to the fixation procedure (Arthrex TightRope®, Munich, Germany) synthesis vs. osteosynthesis with a 3.5 mm trans-syndesmotic tricortical screw). They then underwent clinical assessment using the American Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) at 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Quality of life was assessed according to the EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) at 2 and 24 months after surgery in the follow-up; gait analysis was performed 2 and 24 months postoperatively. Results: Significant differences were found at a two-month follow-up according to the AOFAS (p = 0.0001) and EQ-5D (p = 0.0208) scores. No differences were noted in the other follow-ups (p > 0.05) or gait analysis. Conclusion: The dynamic and static fixation of syndesmotic injuries in ankle fracture are both efficacious and valid procedures for avoiding ankle instability. The suture button device was comparable to the screw fixation according to functional outcomes and gait analysis.

The Islamic mysticism's problem begins by a step when we become aware of our life, especially by searching deep into ourselves. The truth of the present is the truth and experience of our lives. It is thus that by faith it discloses the answer to the value of the other.