Explore the vast range of titles available.

Introduction/BackgroundThe current study was carried out to evaluate the oncological outcomes in patients with borderline ovarian tumours (BOT) according to type of surgery (conservative surgery versus radical surgery), stage at diagnosis and clinicopathological parameters.MethodologyWe enrolled patients with BOT of any FIGO stage, whom were surgically treated from 2005 to 2013 at the Gynecological Oncology Department of the Ipswich hospital, UK. The prognostic effects of stage, clinico-pathological features (micropapillary lesions, invasive implants and bilateral tumors) and surgical variables were evaluated using univariate/multivariate analysis.ResultsA total of 85 eligible patients were enrolled in the analysis. We had 42/85(49%) with serous, 35/85 (41%) with mucinous, 5/85(6%) with mixed mucinous-serous, 3/85 (4%) with endometroid histological subtypes. Among all the cohort of patients, 14/85 (16%) had recurrence within 5 years of follow-up. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association to relapse in the presence of micropapillary lesions and invasive implants at the histological report with RR 1.39 (95% CI 1.39–2.73) p -value < 0.001 and RR 4.44 (95% CI 2.26–8.69) p -value 0.002 respectively. FIGO stage RR 0.56 (95% CI 0.23–1.33) p -value 0.153, the presence of bilateral tumours RR 2.02 (95% CI 0.95–4.31) p -value 0.099 and conservative surgery RR 1.25 (95% CI 0.41–3.81) p -value 0.709 were not significantly associated to higher recurrence rate.ConclusionWe confirm that BOT patients with micropapillary lesions and invasive implants have high risk of recurrence. These data can support clinicians in tailoring the best surgical strategy in young patients with BOT and in counseling patient about their prognosis after the diagnosis.DisclosureNothing to disclose.

Argues against the theory of diffusion in relation to the use by Māori of terraces for kumara (sweet potato) cultivation on north-facing slopes on Whitireia Peninsula. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.

One difficulty with the interpretation of strip lynchets has been caused by our traditional viewpoint: we have stood in the valley and looked up at them. In Asia terraces do start at the foot of hills and are constructed upwards. Perhaps unconsciously we have believed that strip lynchets were created in the same way. The uniqueness of these terraces may lie in their construction from the top of the escarpment downwards. Many difficulties are resolved when we stand and look at the terraces from above. Then we observe a flight of steps and perhaps it was down these that agriculture passed from downland to lowland. It is generally believed that in Britain there were two independent agricultural origins, that primitive farmers first cultivated the light soils of the chalk downlands and western hills, and only later, after a heavy plough had been introduced from abroad by invading peoples, were the heavy soils of the lowlands tilled. Rarely is it believed that lowland agriculture in Britain developed from downland agriculture, that agriculture had undergone continuous development and that one type had merged into the other.

In semiclosed units such as islands, distinctive field patterns evolve over time, each with an underlying genetic relationship. On Kitaki-shima, in the Inland Sea, four field types can be distinguished: (1) rectangular contour fields on the valley bottoms and on the lower slopes of the ridges; (2) vertical, rectangular sloping fields on the steeper slopes; (3) truncated cone-shaped fields on the broad whale-back crests; and (4) level terraced fields of irregular shape that were formerly irrigated. On nearby Mukai-jima and Kurahashi-jima, two other islands that have physical and cultural environments similar to those of Kitaki-shima, the field patterns display certain common elements, as might be expected, but each also has distinctive differences. Neither the physical nor the cultural environment is a determinant. Perhaps the variations in land use result from the innovative ideas of a single person on each island in the past.