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"Manning, Matthew K"
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Batman character encyclopedia
Profiles the villains, allies, and henchmen from the world of Batman.
Book
The Man Who Cast Batman's Shadow
Both men were comic-book royalty, but Kane spent much of the ride needling Lee, reveling in the knowledge that the Dark Knight had made it to the silver screen before Stan's own co-creation, \"Spider-Man.\" [...]the only people who truly did at the time were Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, the co-creators of DC's Superman.
Magazine Article
Batman: Arkham Universe : the ultimate visual guide
\"Batman: Arkham Universe: The Ultimate Visual Guide details the key storylines, characters, locations, weapons, gadgets, and equipment of these award-winning, action-adventure games. The book is created in collaboration with Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment and RockSteady (the game's creators), and features many of the timeless characters from DC's Batman comics, such as the Joker, Catwoman, Robin, the Penguin, Harley Quinn, and the Riddler\"-- Amazon.
Book
Role of atmospheric oxidation in recent methane growth
The growth in global methane (CH₄) concentration, which had been ongoing since the industrial revolution, stalled around the year 2000 before resuming globally in 2007. We evaluate the role of the hydroxyl radical (OH), the major CH₄ sink, in the recent CH₄ growth. We also examine the influence of systematic uncertainties in OH concentrations on CH₄ emissions inferred from atmospheric observations. We use observations of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (CH₃CCl₃), which is lost primarily through reaction with OH, to estimate OH levels as well as CH₃CCl₃ emissions, which have uncertainty that previously limited the accuracy of OH estimates. We find a 64–70% probability that a decline in OH has contributed to the post-2007 methane rise. Our median solution suggests that CH₄ emissions increased relatively steadily during the late 1990s and early 2000s, after which growth was more modest. This solution obviates the need for a sudden statistically significant change in total CH₄ emissions around the year 2007 to explain the atmospheric observations and can explain some of the decline in the atmospheric 13CH₄/12CH₄ ratio and the recent growth in C₂H₆. Our approach indicates that significant OH-related uncertainties in the CH₄ budget remain, and we find that it is not possible to implicate, with a high degree of confidence, rapid global CH₄ emissions changes as the primary driver of recent trends when our inferred OH trends and these uncertainties are considered.
Journal Article
Wolverine : inside the world of the living weapon
Presents a chiefly illustrated a look at Wolverine's history, a summation of Logan's rather extensive past, and his alternate futures.
Book
A decline in emissions of CFC-11 and related chemicals from eastern China
Emissions of ozone-depleting substances, including trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), have decreased since the mid-1980s in response to the Montreal Protocol
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,
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. In recent years, an unexpected increase in CFC-11 emissions beginning in 2013 has been reported, with much of the global rise attributed to emissions from eastern China
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,
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. Here we use high-frequency atmospheric mole fraction observations from Gosan, South Korea and Hateruma, Japan, together with atmospheric chemical transport-model simulations, to investigate regional CFC-11 emissions from eastern China. We find that CFC-11 emissions returned to pre-2013 levels in 2019 (5.0 ± 1.0 gigagrams per year in 2019, compared to 7.2 ± 1.5 gigagrams per year for 2008–2012, ±1 standard deviation), decreasing by 10 ± 3 gigagrams per year since 2014–2017. Furthermore, we find that in this region, carbon tetrachloride (CCl
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) and dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) emissions—potentially associated with CFC-11 production—were higher than expected after 2013 and then declined one to two years before the CFC-11 emissions reduction. This suggests that CFC-11 production occurred in eastern China after the mandated global phase-out, and that there was a subsequent decline in production during 2017–2018. We estimate that the amount of the CFC-11 bank (the amount of CFC-11 produced, but not yet emitted) in eastern China is up to 112 gigagrams larger in 2019 compared to pre-2013 levels, probably as a result of recent production. Nevertheless, it seems that any substantial delay in ozone-layer recovery has been avoided, perhaps owing to timely reporting
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and subsequent action by industry and government in China
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Atmospheric data and chemical-transport modelling show that CFC-11 emissions from eastern China have again decreased, after increasing in 2013–2017, and a delay in ozone-layer recovery has probably been avoided.
Journal Article
Scarecrow's flock of fear
Supervillain Jonathan Crane, alias The Scarecrow, has always been afraid of birds and now he plans to use his experimental fear gas to revenge himself on Batman by terrifying Robin to death--but when his plan backfires, he finds himself more scared then ever.
Book
The increasing atmospheric burden of the greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 )
We report a 40-year history of SF6 atmospheric mole fractions
measured at the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE)
monitoring sites, combined with archived air samples, to determine emission
estimates from 1978 to 2018. Previously we reported a global emission rate of
7.3±0.6 Gg yr−1 in 2008 and over the past decade
emissions have continued to increase by about 24 % to 9.04±0.35 Gg yr−1 in 2018. We show that changing patterns in SF6 consumption from developed (Kyoto Protocol Annex-1) to developing countries
(non-Annex-1) and the rapid global expansion of the electric power industry, mainly in Asia, have increased the demand for SF6-insulated switchgear, circuit breakers, and transformers. The large bank of SF6 sequestered in this electrical equipment provides a substantial source of emissions from maintenance, replacement, and continuous leakage. Other emissive sources of SF6 occur from the magnesium, aluminium, and electronics industries as well as more minor industrial applications. More recently, reported emissions, including those from electrical equipment and metal industries, primarily in the Annex-1 countries, have declined steadily through substitution of alternative blanketing gases and technological improvements in less emissive equipment and more efficient industrial practices. Nevertheless, there are still demands for SF6 in Annex-1 countries due to economic growth, as well as continuing emissions from older equipment and additional emissions from newly installed SF6-insulated electrical equipment, although at low emission rates. In addition, in the non-Annex-1 countries, SF6 emissions have increased due to an expansion in the growth of the electrical power, metal, and electronics industries to support their continuing development. There is an annual difference of 2.5–5 Gg yr−1 (1990–2018) between
our modelled top-down emissions and the UNFCCC-reported bottom-up emissions (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), which we attempt to reconcile through analysis of the potential contribution of emissions from the various industrial applications which use SF6. We also investigate regional emissions in East Asia (China, S. Korea) and western Europe and their respective contributions to the global atmospheric SF6 inventory. On an average annual basis, our estimated emissions from the whole of China are approximately 10 times greater than emissions from western Europe. In 2018, our modelled Chinese and western European emissions accounted for ∼36 % and 3.1 %, respectively, of our global SF6 emissions estimate.
Journal Article