Explore the vast range of titles available.

Nowadays, researchers are very interested in improving the stability and solubility of blending diesel fuel with a high percentage of ethanol. As a result, the goal of this paper was to find a way to use the surfactant of Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) substance to blend ethanol with diesel fuel to a level of 40%. Diesel fuel is mixed with ethanol in volumetric proportions of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, as well as a tiny amount of TBP from 1 to 4%. The prepared blends were the subject of an experiment evaluation by fueling a direct injection diesel engine. This engine is a water-cooled, commercial diesel engine, single cylinder, and four-stroke with 12 kW maximum power. The four blends were evaluated as clean fuel mixtures of 10% ethanol/90% diesel/1% TBP, 20% ethanol/80% diesel/2% TBP, 30% ethanol/70% diesel/3% TBP, and 40% ethanol/60% diesel/4% TBP. As the starting fuel, we used 100% diesel to compare the results. The engine’s output and emissions have been measured at various engine loads and constant speeds of 1500 rpm. According to the data gathered, even when the percentage of ethanol was increased to 40%, neither the base fuel nor the engine BTE changed significantly. The engine exhaust gas temperature was found to decrease slightly when the proportion of ethanol was increased. When bioethanol is increased to 40% of the base volume, it causes an increase in the combustion of unburned hydrocarbons and CO emissions. However, when the percentage of ethanol was increased from 100% diesel to the base fuel to 40%, CO 2 emissions decreased, and O 2 emissions slightly increased.

Objectives: Ducks suffer a huge economic loss as a result of infections with Pasteurella multocida and Riemerella anatipestifer, which cause high morbidity and mortality. Because these patho¬gens induce similar clinical symptoms when coinfections occur, it is very difficult to differentiate between them based just on clinical signs. Hence, these major pathogens must be quickly and accurately detected. Materials and Methods: A total of 104 birds ranging from 2 days to 4 weeks old were collected from Egyptian farms, and the outcomes were compared statistically. Conventional cultural iden¬tification procedures and a direct multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay were utilized to recognize both pathogens in a single tube reaction simultaneously. Then, the obtained isolates were characterized phenotypically and genotypically. Results: Clinical signs appear at 2–4 weeks of age with respiratory distress (dyspnea), white fluid feces, and stunting. The scrutinized data demonstrated a significantly higher detection rate by PCR directly compared to classical culture procedures. Pasteurella multocida was detected only by PCR. The disc diffusion technique against ten antibiotics showed absolute susceptibilities to amik¬acin, doxycycline, and florfenicol. High levels of beta-lactam resistance were observed. Riemerella anatipestifer isolates were screened for pathogenicity and plasmid-borne blaTEM genes. All six isolates harbored five virulence genes: aspC, RA46, m28, pstS, and Nlp/P60. Moreover, blaTEM was identified into four isolates and deposited to GenBank with accession numbers OP347083, OP347084, OP347085, and OP347086. Conclusion: These results suggest advanced PCR assays can be applied to the field for rapid and valuable diagnosis of two significant pathogens and focus on the worth of ducks in the propaga¬tion of transferable antibiotic resistance genes into the environment.

The work focuses on studying the solubility and stability of dissolved bioethanol as a fuel additive in different fuel blends of gasoline, diesel, 50% diesel/50% biodiesel. Dissolved ethanol fuel appears as particles with a unique size distribution inside the whole fuel blends, and its stability was measured in this work. Bioethanol dissolved fuel particles stability was improved after blending the bioethanol with 50% diesel/50% biodiesel than pure diesel or pure gasoline fuel alone. The obtained results reveal that the lowest bioethanol particles stability was obtained when commixed with gasoline and the suspended ethanol particles completely accumulated at different concentrations of bioethanol in the fuel blends of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% by volume after 1 h of mixing time. Furthermore, the measured data of the bioethanol particles size distribution reveals that the suspended stability in the diesel blend improve slightly for all bioethanol concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% by volume. While the bioethanol concentrations of 5% show acceptable particles stability and size distribution during the whole experiments time. Obtained results show that bioethanol suspended particles stability was enhanced for 50% diesel/50% biodiesel blend with different bioethanol concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% by volume basis. However, the size of the particles increased as the bioethanol concentration rose with the passage of time.

Using biostimulants to enhance plant growth and increase yield and secondary metabolites in medicinal and aromatic plants is an important strategy to achieve sustainable agriculture. The influence of two strains of nitrogen-fixing rhizobacteria (NFB) of Azotobacter chroococcum (NFB1) and Azospirillum lipoferum (NFB2), three levels of seaweed extract (SWE; 0 (SWE1), 250 (SWE1), and 500 mg/L (SWE2)) and their interactions have been investigated on Trachyspermum ammi L. (ajwain) growth, fruit yield, and essential oil constituents for two winter seasons. Growth traits (plant height, number of branches, and fresh and dry weights) and fruit traits (umbel number, 1 000-fruit weight, and fruit yield) were improved following NFB and/or SWE applications. Leaf pigments, total phenols, carbohydrates, free amino acids, and nutrient content were also enhanced. Ajwain plants that received NFB2 soil inoculation and foliarly sprayed with SWE1 observed the highest growth and yield values. Applying this treatment resulted in 27.6% and 32.7% higher fruit yield per plant for the first and second seasons, respectively, compared to the control. The results of GC-MS revealed that γ-terpinene, p-cymene, and thymol are the major components in ajwain essential oil. All applications used changed the percentages of the main components detected in ajwain essential oil. For instance, increasing SWE level caused a reduction in γ-terpinene with an increase in thymol content. The highest conservation rate from γ-terpinene to thymol was detected in NFB2 × SWE1-treated plants, with the highest thymol content and least γ-terpinene. Azospirillum lipoferum soil inoculation with SWE1 foliar application is recommended to enhance ajwain production, in terms of fruit yield and oil quality.

BackgroundSynthetic cannabinoids SC are now becoming progressively popular among young people worldwide; little is known about their negative effects. Anger, anxiety, hallucinations, and perceptual changes were the most common psychoactive findings. Substance abuse causes cognitive impairment (CI). This study’s goal is to raise public awareness about the dangers that synthetic cannabinoid intoxication poses to public health. As well as the magnitude of CI in synthetic cannabinoids in comparison with healthy controls. The study included 30 synthetic cannabinoids SC addicts and 30 healthy people. The Wechsler memory scale (WMS), the Benton visual retention test (BVRT), and Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B were used to assess cognitive functions. Addiction Severity Index (ASI), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorder (SCID-I), and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorder (SCID II).ResultsUsing BVRT, (96.7%) of the SC use disorder cases had more impaired performance than controls (0%) (P < 0.001). Almost three quarters of the cases had impaired performance on the trail making tests A and B compared to none of the controls (P < 0.001). Similarly, there was a high statistically significant difference between SC use disorder cases and controls in all domains of the WMS. There was no statistically significant correlation between the cognitive scales (BVRT, WMS and TMT) results in relation to age of SC use patients or duration of use.ConclusionsPatients who used synthetic cannabinoids SC were more likely than controls to develop CI, which manifested as impaired visual, auditory, immediate, delayed, and working memory.