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Aim The objective of this study is to evaluate the benefit of selective dorsal rhizotomy on the quality of life of patients with severe spasticity with significant impairment of gross motor functions (GMFCS stages IV and V) according to 4 items: pain, nursing care, positioning, and dressing. Materials and methods We conducted a monocentric retrospective cohort study including patients who underwent selective dorsal rhizotomy between March 2008 and May 2022 at the University Hospital of Marseille. Results Seventy percent of patients showed an improvement in quality of life criteria: dressing, nursing, positioning, and pain at the last follow-up. A small proportion of patients still showed a worsening between the first 2 follow-ups and the last follow-up. Postoperatively, 27.3% of patients were free of joint spasticity treatment, and we have shown that there was a significant decrease in the number of children who received botulinum toxin postoperatively. However, there was no significant reduction in the number of drug treatments or orthopaedic procedures following RDS. For the CPCHILD © scores, an overall gain is reported for GMFCS IV and V patients in postoperative care. The gain of points is more important for GMFCS IV patients. Improvement was mainly observed in 2 domains, “comfort and emotions” and “hygiene and dressing”. For the “quality of life” item, only 3 parents out of the 8 noted a positive change. Conclusion Our study shows an improvement in nursing care, positioning, and dressing which are associated with a reduction in pain in children with a major polyhandicap GMFCS IV and V who have benefited from a selective dorsal rhizotomy.

Au moment où les États-Unis entrent en guerre en 1917, un conflit de basse intensité fait rage dans le sud du Texas depuis 1915. Qualifié de « guerre frontalière », il transforme progressivement toutes les personnes d’origine mexicaine, y compris des citoyens américains, en ennemis de l’intérieur, notamment lorsqu’il commence à être perçu comme une guerre par procuration menée par les Allemands dans le cadre du conflit mondial. Les conséquences sanglantes de ces affrontements mettent en lumière de profondes ambiguïtés dans les notions de race, de loyauté et d’appartenance nationale des Américains, ainsi que dans les frontières spatiales et temporelles de la guerre elle-même.

The term \"environmental theatre\" is used to describe theatre that alters the conventional Western-theatre separation between actors and spectators and/or which blurs the boundaries between the roles of actor-as-performer and spectator-as-observer. Environmental theatre is not a new form, but the purposes for which it is used are constantly changing. Environmentalism entered American theatre in the 1960s, a time when conventional ways of creating theatre and the other arts were being questioned, and new (or seemingly new) techniques and alternatives were being sought. Environmental techniques, such as simulation of an environment and audience participation and interaction, were explored and developed in theatre in order to provide a more immediate experience for spectators. Much environmental theatre that arose in the 1960s and early 1970s was designed to carry a message and/or to educate its audience. As the seventies progressed, however, environmental techniques were used increasingly to enhance the entertainment qualities of theatre. This contemporary entertainment-based environmental theatre I have termed \"popular,\" and it is the focus of this study. This dissertation traces the historical development of environmental theatre; examines influences from other areas of popular entertainment; explores four case studies to illustrate different facets of this genre: Tamara, Tony n' Tina's Wedding, It's Murder, Cheeves (a murder-mystery weekend), and Murder at the Cafe Noir (a murder-mystery dinner), raises key theoretical ramifications of current popular environmental theatre; and attempts to place the genre within the spectrum of other environmental entertainment forms.

Background Although bivalves are among the most-studied marine organisms because of their ecological role and economic importance, very little information is available on the genome sequences of oyster species. This report documents three large-scale cDNA sequencing projects for the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas initiated to provide a large number of expressed sequence tags that were subsequently compiled in a publicly accessible database. This resource allowed for the identification of a large number of transcripts and provides valuable information for ongoing investigations of tissue-specific and stimulus-dependant gene expression patterns. These data are crucial for constructing comprehensive DNA microarrays, identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites in coding regions, and for identifying genes when the entire genome sequence of C. gigas becomes available. Description In the present paper, we report the production of 40,845 high-quality ESTs that identify 29,745 unique transcribed sequences consisting of 7,940 contigs and 21,805 singletons. All of these new sequences, together with existing public sequence data, have been compiled into a publicly-available Website http://public-contigbrowser.sigenae.org:9090/Crassostrea_gigas/index.html . Approximately 43% of the unique ESTs had significant matches against the SwissProt database and 27% were annotated using Gene Ontology terms. In addition, we identified a total of 208 in silico microsatellites from the ESTs, with 173 having sufficient flanking sequence for primer design. We also identified a total of 7,530 putative in silico , single-nucleotide polymorphisms using existing and newly-generated EST resources for the Pacific oyster. Conclusion A publicly-available database has been populated with 29,745 unique sequences for the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas . The database provides many tools to search cleaned and assembled ESTs. The user may input and submit several filters, such as protein or nucleotide hits, to select and download relevant elements. This database constitutes one of the most developed genomic resources accessible among Lophotrochozoans, an orphan clade of bilateral animals. These data will accelerate the development of both genomics and genetics in a commercially-important species with the highest annual, commercial production of any aquatic organism.

Although bivalves are among the most-studied marine organisms because of their ecological role and economic importance, very little information is available on the genome sequences of oyster species. This report documents three large-scale cDNA sequencing projects for the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas initiated to provide a large number of expressed sequence tags that were subsequently compiled in a publicly accessible database. This resource allowed for the identification of a large number of transcripts and provides valuable information for ongoing investigations of tissue-specific and stimulus-dependant gene expression patterns. These data are crucial for constructing comprehensive DNA microarrays, identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites in coding regions, and for identifying genes when the entire genome sequence of C. gigas becomes available. A publicly-available database has been populated with 29,745 unique sequences for the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The database provides many tools to search cleaned and assembled ESTs. The user may input and submit several filters, such as protein or nucleotide hits, to select and download relevant elements. This database constitutes one of the most developed genomic resources accessible among Lophotrochozoans, an orphan clade of bilateral animals. These data will accelerate the development of both genomics and genetics in a commercially-important species with the highest annual, commercial production of any aquatic organism.