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New Super-Man. Volume 3, Equilibrium
\"Shanghai falls--and Emperor Super-Man rules the ashes. With an army of supervillains on the streets, the Justice League of China leads the movement to take the city back. It's up to I-Ching and the New Flash of China to snap Kenan out of it and save Shanghai. As Kenan fights to save his city and its people, a final casualty shakes the young hero to his solid-steel core\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: a meta-analysis
Whether nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased risk of mortality remains controversial. The present study aimed to clarify this issue. A systematic search of PubMed and Embase was conducted through October 2018. Studies providing risk estimates of NAFLD and mortality were included. A random-effects model was employed to calculate summary risk estimates. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify potential effect modifiers. Fourteen studies, involving 498501 subjects and 24234 deaths, were included. Patients with NAFLD were found to be at an elevated risk of all-cause mortality compared with those without [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–1.54)]. The significantly positive association between NAFLD and all-cause mortality could not be modified by age, sex, follow-up duration, and adjustment for body mass index, diabetes, smoking or hypertension (all
P
interaction
> 0.05), and remained in sensitivity analyses. No significant associations of NAFLD with CVD (HR = 1.13; 95% CI 0.92–1.38) and cancer (HR = 1.05; 95% CI 0.89–1.25) mortality were found. In conclusion, NAFLD is a predictor of increased all-cause mortality but not CVD and cancer mortality. These findings have important implications for decision making in public health and clinical practice, and highlight the urgency of developing effective treatments for NAFLD.
Journal Article
Pandemic effects to autonomous vehicles test operations in California
Companies developing automated driving system (ADS) technologies have spent heavily in recent years to conduct live testing of autonomous vehicles operating in real world environments to ensure their reliable and safe operations. However, the unexpected onset and ongoing resurgent effects of the Covid-19 pandemic starting in March 2020 has serve to halt, change, or delay the achievement of these new product development test objectives. This study draws on data obtained from the California automated vehicle test program to determine the extent that testing trends, test resumptions, and test environments have been affected by the pandemic. The importance of government policies to support and enable autonomous vehicles development during pandemic conditions is highlighted.
Journal Article
Cryo-EM structure of an activated VIP1 receptor-G protein complex revealed by a NanoBiT tethering strategy
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor (VIP1R) is a widely expressed class B G protein-coupled receptor and a drug target for the treatment of neuronal, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. However, our understanding of its mechanism of action and the potential of drug discovery targeting this receptor is limited by the lack of structural information of VIP1R. Here we report a cryo-electron microscopy structure of human VIP1R bound to PACAP27 and Gs heterotrimer, whose complex assembly is stabilized by a NanoBiT tethering strategy. Comparison with other class B GPCR structures reveals that PACAP27 engages VIP1R with its N-terminus inserting into the ligand binding pocket at the transmembrane bundle of the receptor, which subsequently couples to the G protein in a receptor-specific manner. This structure has provided insights into the molecular basis of PACAP27 binding and VIP receptor activation. The methodology of the NanoBiT tethering may help to provide structural information of unstable complexes.
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor (VIP1R) is a widely expressed class B G protein-coupled receptor and a drug target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Here authors report a cryoelectron microscopy structure of human VIP1R bound to PACAP27 and Gs heterotrimer, which provides insights into PACAP27 binding and VIP receptor activation.
Journal Article
Universality of pseudo-Goldstone damping near critical points
Real-time dynamics of strongly correlated systems, in particular its critical dynamics near phase transitions, have been always on the cutting edge of studies in diverse fields of physics, e.g., high energy physics, condensed matter, holography, etc. In this work, we investigate the critical damping of collective modes associated with spontaneous breaking of approximate symmetries, which are called pseudo-Goldstone modes, in strongly correlated systems. Using the Schwinger-Keldysh field theory, we find a universal pseudo-Goldstone damping via the critical O(
N
) model that has never been found before by other approaches. Different from the conventional damping found in holography and hydrodynamics, the new one is controlled by critical fluctuations, hence is invisible in mean-field systems or strongly correlated systems with classical gravity duals. Since the critical damping depends solely on the universalities of the critical point, irrespective of the microscopic details, our conclusion should be applicable to a wide class of interacting systems.
Strongly correlated systems exhibit universal dynamics near phase transitions, from particle to condensed matter physics. However, despite the successes of various theoretical approaches, systematic treatments of fluctuations are scarce. Here the authors unveil a universal damping of pseudo-Goldstone modes in systems with approximate symmetries, advancing our understanding of near-critical dynamics in several contexts.
Journal Article
Criticality of the O(N) universality via global solutions to nonperturbative fixed-point equations
Fixed-point equations in the functional renormalization group approach are integrated from large to vanishing field, where an asymptotic potential in the limit of large field is implemented as initial conditions. This approach allows us to obtain a global fixed-point potential with high numerical accuracy, that incorporates the correct asymptotic behavior in the limit of large field. Our calculated global potential is in good agreement with the Taylor expansion in the region of small field, and it also coincides with the Laurent expansion in the regime of large field. Laurent expansion of the potential in the limit of large field for general case, that the spatial dimension
d
is a continuous variable in the range
2
≤
d
≤
4
, is obtained. Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of perturbations near the Wilson–Fisher fixed point are computed with the method of eigenperturbations. Critical exponents for different values of
d
and
N
of the
O
(
N
) universality class are calculated.
Journal Article
Lattice-mismatch-free construction of III-V/chalcogenide core-shell heterostructure nanowires
Growing high-quality core-shell heterostructure nanowires is still challenging due to the lattice mismatch issue at the radial interface. Herein, a versatile strategy is exploited for the lattice-mismatch-free construction of III-V/chalcogenide core-shell heterostructure nanowires by simply utilizing the surfactant and amorphous natures of chalcogenide semiconductors. Specifically, a variety of III-V/chalcogenide core-shell heterostructure nanowires are successfully constructed with controlled shell thicknesses, compositions, and smooth surfaces. Due to the conformal properties of obtained heterostructure nanowires, the wavelength-dependent bi-directional photoresponse and visible light-assisted infrared photodetection are realized in the type-I GaSb/GeS core-shell heterostructure nanowires. Also, the enhanced infrared photodetection is found in the type-II InGaAs/GeS core-shell heterostructure nanowires compared with the pristine InGaAs nanowires, in which both responsivity and detectivity are improved by more than 2 orders of magnitude. Evidently, this work paves the way for the lattice-mismatch-free construction of core-shell heterostructure nanowires by chemical vapor deposition for next-generation high-performance nanowire optoelectronics.
A versatility growth strategy is developed for the lattice-mismatch-free construction of core-shell heterostructure NWs by adopting the promising III-V semiconductors and amorphous chalcogenide semiconductors using simple chemical vapor deposition.
Journal Article
Acoustic Realization of a Four-Dimensional Higher-Order Chern Insulator and Boundary-Modes Engineering
We present a theoretical study and experimental realization of a system that is simultaneously a four-dimensional (4D) Chern insulator and a higher-order topological insulator. The system sustains the coexistence of (4-1)-dimensional chiral topological hypersurface modes (THMs) and (4-2)-dimensional chiral topological surface modes (TSMs). Our study reveals that the THMs are protected by second Chern numbers, and the TSMs are protected by a topological invariant composed of two first Chern numbers, each belonging to a Chern insulator existing in subdimensions. With the synthetic coordinates fixed, the THMs and TSMs, respectively, manifest as topological edge modes and topological corner modes (TCMs) in the real space, which are experimentally observed in a 2D acoustic lattice. These TCMs are not related to quantized polarizations, making them fundamentally distinctive from existing examples. We further show that our 4D topological system offers an effective way for the manipulation of the frequency, location, and number of TCMs, which is highly desirable for applications.
Journal Article
Macrophages-aPKCɩ-CCL5 Feedback Loop Modulates the Progression and Chemoresistance in Cholangiocarcinoma
Background
Recent data indicated that macrophages may mutually interact with cancer cells to promote tumor progression and chemoresistance, but the interaction in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is obscure.
Methods
10x Genomics single-cell sequencing technology was used to identified the role of macrophages in CCA. Then, we measured the expression and prognostic role of macrophage markers and aPKC
ɩ
in 70 human CCA tissues. Moreover, we constructed monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) generated from peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) and polarized them into M1/M2 macrophages. A co-culture assay of the human CCA cell lines (TFK-1, EGI-1) and differentiated PBMCs-macrophages was established, and functional studies in vitro and in vivo was performed to explore the interaction between cancer cells and M2 macrophages. Furthermore, we established the cationic liposome-mediated co-delivery of gemcitabine and aPKC
ɩ
-siRNA and detect the antitumor effects in CCA.
Results
M2 macrophage showed tumor-promoting properties in CCA. High levels of aPKC
ɩ
expression and M2 macrophage infiltration were associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in CCA patients. Moreover, CCA patients with low M2 macrophages infiltration or low aPKC
ɩ
expression benefited from postoperative gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Further studies showed that M2 macrophages-derived TGFβ1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and gemcitabine resistance in CCA cells through aPKC
ɩ
-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. Reciprocally, CCL5 was secreted more by CCA cells undergoing aPKC
ɩ
-induced EMT and consequently modulated macrophage recruitment and polarization. Furthermore, the cationic liposome-mediated co-delivery of GEM and aPKC
ɩ
-siRNA significantly inhibited macrophages infiltration and CCA progression.
Conclusion
our study demonstrates the role of Macrophages-aPKC
ɩ
-CCL5 Feedback Loop in CCA, and proposes a novel therapeutic strategy of aPKC
ɩ
-siRNA and GEM co-delivered by liposomes for CCA.
Journal Article
LSTM-TC: Bitcoin coin mixing detection method with a high recall
Coin mixing is a class of techniques used to enhance Bitcoin transaction privacy, and those well-performing coin mixing algorithms can effectively prevent most transaction analysis attacks. Based on this premise, to have a well-functioning transaction analysis algorithm requires coin mixing detection with a high recall to ensure accuracy. Most practical coin mixing algorithms do not change the Bitcoin protocol. Therefore, the transactions they generate are not fundamentally different from regular transactions. Existing coin mixing detection methods are commonly rule-based that can only identify coin mixing classes with well-defined patterns, which leads to an overall low recall rate. Multiple rules could improve the recall in this situation, yet they are ineffective for new classes and classes with ambiguous patterns. This paper considers coin mixing detection as a transaction classification problem and proposes an LSTM Transaction Tree Classifier (LSTM-TC) solution, which includes feature extraction and classification of Bitcoin transactions based on deep learning. We also build a dataset to validate our solution. Experiments show that our approach has better performance and the potential for discovering new classes of coin mixing transactions than rule-based approaches and graph neural network-based Bitcoin transaction classification algorithms.
Journal Article