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A little boy and girl go on an all-night adventure where they explore people, places and things for which they are thankful.

Nanotechnology-based antimicrobial and antiviral formulations can prevent SARS-CoV-2 viral dissemination, and highly sensitive biosensors and detection platforms may contribute to the detection and diagnosis of COVID-19.

Portrays the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway in a series of dreamlike paintings accompanied by the lyrics of Lightfoot's 1967 song commemorating Canada's centennial year.

Renewable, or green , hydrogen will play a critical role in the decarbonisation of hard-to-abate sectors and will therefore be important in limiting global warming. However, renewable hydrogen is not cost-competitive with fossil fuels, due to the moderate energy efficiency and high capital costs of traditional water electrolysers. Here a unique concept of water electrolysis is introduced, wherein water is supplied to hydrogen- and oxygen-evolving electrodes via capillary-induced transport along a porous inter-electrode separator, leading to inherently bubble-free operation at the electrodes. An alkaline capillary-fed electrolysis cell of this type demonstrates water electrolysis performance exceeding commercial electrolysis cells, with a cell voltage at 0.5 A cm −2 and 85 °C of only 1.51 V, equating to 98% energy efficiency, with an energy consumption of 40.4 kWh/kg hydrogen (vs. ~47.5 kWh/kg in commercial electrolysis cells). High energy efficiency, combined with the promise of a simplified balance-of-plant, brings cost-competitive renewable hydrogen closer to reality. Water electrolysis offers a promising means for green hydrogen production, however current electrolysers do not provide a competitive edge over fossil fuels. Here, authors develop a capillary-fed electrolyser setup that avoids bubble formation to achieve a high-performance, cost-competitive device.

Theory suggests that many chemical reactions (not simply, as is often thought, redox reactions) might be catalysed by an applied electric field; experimental evidence for this is now provided from single-molecule studies of the formation of carbon–carbon bonds in a Diels–Alder reaction. Electrically driven catalysis of a redox reaction Theory suggests that many chemical reactions — not simply, as is often thought, redox reactions — might be catalysed by an applied electrical field. Experimental evidence for this is now provided from single-molecule studies of the formation of carbon–carbon bonds in a Diels–Alder reaction. In a series of scanning tunnelling microscopy break-junction experiments, the authors observe a fivefold increase in the frequency of single-molecule junction formation when the electrical field is present and aligned in the direction to favour electron flow from the dienophile to the diene. The demonstration that it is possible to manipulate chemical reactions with electric fields offers proof-of-principle for a novel approach to heterogeneous catalysis. It is often thought that the ability to control reaction rates with an applied electrical potential gradient is unique to redox systems. However, recent theoretical studies suggest that oriented electric fields could affect the outcomes of a range of chemical reactions, regardless of whether a redox system is involved 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 . This possibility arises because many formally covalent species can be stabilized via minor charge-separated resonance contributors. When an applied electric field is aligned in such a way as to electrostatically stabilize one of these minor forms, the degree of resonance increases, resulting in the overall stabilization of the molecule or transition state. This means that it should be possible to manipulate the kinetics and thermodynamics of non-redox processes using an external electric field, as long as the orientation of the approaching reactants with respect to the field stimulus can be controlled. Here, we provide experimental evidence that the formation of carbon–carbon bonds is accelerated by an electric field. We have designed a surface model system to probe the Diels–Alder reaction, and coupled it with a scanning tunnelling microscopy break-junction approach 5 , 6 , 7 . This technique, performed at the single-molecule level, is perfectly suited to deliver an electric-field stimulus across approaching reactants. We find a fivefold increase in the frequency of formation of single-molecule junctions, resulting from the reaction that occurs when the electric field is present and aligned so as to favour electron flow from the dienophile to the diene. Our results are qualitatively consistent with those predicted by quantum-chemical calculations in a theoretical model of this system, and herald a new approach to chemical catalysis.

Most available 3D biofabrication technologies rely on single-component deposition methods, such as inkjet, extrusion, or light-assisted printing. It is unlikely that any of these technologies used individually would be able to replicate the complexity and functionality of living tissues. Recently, new biofabrication approaches have emerged that integrate multiple manufacturing technologies into a single biofabrication platform. This has led to fabricated structures with improved functionality. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the integration of different manufacturing technologies with the aim to fabricate more functional tissue structures. We provide our vision on the future of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, digital design, and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of biofabrication. Single-deposition biofabrication methods mimic form but have only limited ability to replicate function of biological tissues.Multitechnology biofabrication brings new perspectives towards functional tissue manufacturing.Integration of digital design and AI-powered real-time monitoring tools with multitechnology bioprinting will allow for high-throughput biofabrication.Although simple purpose-built bioprinting systems may find use in clinical environments, laboratory environments will strongly benefit from AI-driven multitechnology bioprinting systems.

Joint replacement is a major orthopaedic procedure used to treat joint osteoarthritis. Aseptic loosening and infection are the two most significant causes of prosthetic implant failure. The ideal implant should be able to promote osteointegration, deter bacterial adhesion and minimize prosthetic infection. Recent developments in material science and cell biology have seen the development of new orthopaedic implant coatings to address these issues. Coatings consisting of bioceramics, extracellular matrix proteins, biological peptides or growth factors impart bioactivity and biocompatibility to the metallic surface of conventional orthopaedic prosthesis that promote bone ingrowth and differentiation of stem cells into osteoblasts leading to enhanced osteointegration of the implant. Furthermore, coatings such as silver, nitric oxide, antibiotics, antiseptics and antimicrobial peptides with anti-microbial properties have also been developed, which show promise in reducing bacterial adhesion and prosthetic infections. This review summarizes some of the recent developments in coatings for orthopaedic implants.

Although great attention has been paid to wearable electronic devices in recent years, flexible lightweight batteries or supercapacitors with high performance are still not readily available due to the limitations of the flexible electrode inventory. In this work, highly flexible, bendable and conductive rGO-PEDOT/PSS films were prepared using a simple bar-coating method. The assembled device using rGO-PEDOT/PSS electrode could be bent and rolled up without any decrease in electrochemical performance. A relatively high areal capacitance of 448 mF cm −2 was achieved at a scan rate of 10 mV s −1 using the composite electrode with a high mass loading (8.49 mg cm −2 ), indicating the potential to be used in practical applications. To demonstrate this applicability, a roll-up supercapacitor device was constructed, which illustrated the operation of a green LED light for 20 seconds when fully charged.

Wearable transdermal iontophoresis eliminating the need for external power sources offers advantages for patient-comfort when deploying epidermal diseases treatments. However, current self-powered iontophoresis based on energy harvesters is limited to support efficient therapeutic administration over the long-term operation, owing to the low and inconsistent energy supply. Here we propose a simplified wearable iontophoresis patch with a built-in Mg battery for efficient and controllable transdermal delivery. This system decreases the system complexity and form factors by using viologen-based hydrogels as an integrated drug reservoir and cathode material, eliminating the conventional interface impedance between the electrode and drug reservoir. The redox-active polyelectrolyte hydrogel offers a high energy density of 3.57 mWh cm −2 , and an optimal bioelectronic interface with ultra-soft nature and low tissue-interface impedance. The delivery dosage can be readily manipulated by tuning the viologen hydrogel and the iontophoresis stimulation mode. This iontophoresis patch demonstrates an effective treatment of an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse. Considering the advantages of being a reliable and efficient energy supply, simplified configuration, and optimal electrical skin-device interface, this battery-powered iontophoresis may provide a new non-invasive treatment for chronic epidermal diseases. Wearable transdermal iontophoresis offers advantages for patient-comfort when deploying epidermal diseases treatments but current self-powered iontophoresis based on energy harvesters is limited in the support of efficient long-term operation therapeutic administration. Here, the authors propose a simplified wearable iontophoresis patch with a built-in Mg battery for efficient and controllable transdermal delivery.

The creation of composite structures is a commonly employed approach towards enhanced photocatalytic performance, with one of the key rationales for doing this being to separate photoexcited charges, affording them longer lifetimes in which to react with adsorbed species. Here we examine three composite photocatalysts using either WO 3 , TiO 2 or CeO 2 with BiVO 4 for the degradation of model dyes Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B. Each of these materials (WO 3 , TiO 2 or CeO 2 ) has a different band edge energy offset with respect to BiVO 4 , allowing for a systematic comparison of these different arrangements. It is seen that while these offsets can afford beneficial charge transfer (CT) processes, they can also result in the deactivation of certain reactions. We also observed the importance of localized dye concentrations, resulting from a strong affinity between it and the surface, in attaining high overall photocatalytic performance, a factor not often acknowledged. It is hoped in the future that these observations will assist in the judicious selection of semiconductors for use as composite photocatalysts.