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"Wang, Han"
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Multimodal MRI radiomics based on habitat subregions of the tumor microenvironment for predicting risk stratification in glioblastoma
Accurate prediction of glioblastoma (GBM) progression is essential for improving therapeutic interventions and outcomes. This study aimed to develop and validate an integrated clinical-radiomics model to predict overall survival (OS) and evaluate the risk of disease progression in patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype GBM (IDH-wildtype GBM).
The data of 423 IDH-wildtype GBM patients were retrospectively analyzed. Radiomic features were extracted from preoperatively acquired MR images. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-Cox proportional hazards (LASSO-Cox) regression was used to identify radiomic features significantly associated with OS and calculate a risk score and construct a radiomic signature for each patient. Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis and the log-rank test were used to compare survival between the high-risk and low-risk groups. A clinical‒radiomic model and a nomogram were developed on the basis of the results of multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression and were evaluated with the concordance index (C-index).
Radiomics models were developed on the basis of feature extracted from the three sub-regions individually, and a multiregional radiomics model was established by aggregating 16 features selected from these subregions. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that the high-risk group exhibited significantly worse outcomes than the low-risk group did (p < 0.05). The C-index of the multiregional radiomics model was the highest. Univariable Cox regression analysis revealed that the risk score, age, and extent of gross total resection (GTR) were significant prognostic factors for OS in GBM patients. According to the C-index, the combined clinical‒radiomic model outperformed the standalone radiomic and clinical models. The multifactor nomogram showed high accuracy in predicting the OS rates of preclinical GBM patients at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years in both the training and test cohorts.
The integrated model combining clinicopathological data with a radiomic signature achieves good risk stratification and survival prediction in GBM and thus could be an important tool in clinical practice.
Journal Article
Infusing theory into deep learning for interpretable reactivity prediction
Despite recent advances of data acquisition and algorithms development, machine learning (ML) faces tremendous challenges to being adopted in practical catalyst design, largely due to its limited generalizability and poor explainability. Herein, we develop a theory-infused neural network (TinNet) approach that integrates deep learning algorithms with the well-established
d
-band theory of chemisorption for reactivity prediction of transition-metal surfaces. With simple adsorbates (e.g., *OH, *O, and *N) at active site ensembles as representative descriptor species, we demonstrate that the TinNet is on par with purely data-driven ML methods in prediction performance while being inherently interpretable. Incorporation of scientific knowledge of physical interactions into learning from data sheds further light on the nature of chemical bonding and opens up new avenues for ML discovery of novel motifs with desired catalytic properties.
Machine learning faces challenges in catalyst design due to its black-box nature. Here, the authors develop a theory-infused neural network approach that integrates deep learning algorithms with the well-established
d
-band theory of chemisorption for reactivity prediction of transition-metal surfaces.
Journal Article
البحار والمحيطات
يتناول كتاب \"البحار والمحيطات\" والذي قاما بتأليفه \"هان كيدي، وانغ بينشيان\" في حوالي (185) صفحة من القطع المتوسط موضوع (البحار والمحيطات)، هذا الكتاب من ضمن كتب سلسلة مئة ألف لماذا وهي مجموعة من الكتب العلمية التي نشرتها دار نشر الأطفال عام 1961 وعلى مدار نصف قرن تم إصدار هذه الكتب واحد تلو الآخر في خمس طبعات، تتضمن السلسلة مجموعة من المواد المثبتة علميا لأجيال الأطفال، بحيث تروج هذه السلسلة لنشر الروح العلمية، وتنشر المعرفة العلمية بين العقول الناشئة، وتعزز الجودة والمعلومات العلمية للأطفال. وهذا الكتاب يتحدث بلغة سهلة ويسيرة حيث يقدم معلومات كثيرة حول البحار والمحيطات في العالم.
BOOK
Rediscovering black phosphorus as an anisotropic layered material for optoelectronics and electronics
Graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are the two major types of layered materials under intensive investigation. However, the zero-bandgap nature of graphene and the relatively low mobility in TMDCs limit their applications. Here we reintroduce black phosphorus (BP), the most stable allotrope of phosphorus with strong intrinsic in-plane anisotropy, to the layered-material family. For 15-nm-thick BP, we measure a Hall mobility of 1,000 and 600 cm
2
V
−1
s
−1
for holes along the light (
x
) and heavy (
y
) effective mass directions at 120 K. BP thin films also exhibit large and anisotropic in-plane optical conductivity from 2 to 5 μm. Field-effect transistors using 5 nm BP along
x
direction exhibit an on–off current ratio exceeding 10
5
, a field-effect mobility of 205 cm
2
V
−1
s
−1
, and good current saturation characteristics all at room temperature. BP shows great potential for thin-film electronics, infrared optoelectronics and novel devices in which anisotropic properties are desirable.
The applications of graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides in electronics are limited by their zero-bandgap and low mobility, respectively. Here, the authors demonstrate the potential of an emerging layered material—black phosphorous—for thin film electronics and infrared optoelectronics.
Journal Article
Healthcare resource use and costs for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without severe mental illness in England: longitudinal matched-cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Approximately 60 000 people in England have coexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and severe mental illness (SMI). They are more likely to have poorer health outcomes and require more complex care pathways compared with those with T2DM alone. Despite increasing prevalence, little is known about the healthcare resource use and costs for people with both conditions.
To assess the impact of SMI on healthcare resource use and service costs for adults with T2DM, and explore the predictors of healthcare costs and lifetime costs for people with both conditions.
This was a matched-cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to Hospital Episode Statistics for 1620 people with comorbid SMI and T2DM and 4763 people with T2DM alone. Generalised linear models and the Bang and Tsiatis method were used to explore cost predictors and mean lifetime costs respectively.
There were higher average annual costs for people with T2DM and SMI (£1930 higher) than people with T2DM alone, driven primarily by mental health and non-mental health-related hospital admissions. Key predictors of higher total costs were older age, comorbid hypertension, use of antidepressants, use of first-generation antipsychotics, and increased duration of living with both conditions. Expected lifetime costs were approximately £35 000 per person with both SMI and T2DM. Extrapolating nationally, this would generate total annual costs to the National Health Service of around £250 m per year.
Our estimates of resource use and costs for people with both T2DM and SMI will aid policymakers and commissioners in service planning and resource allocation.
Journal Article
Oxygen Defect Engineering Promotes Synergy Between Adsorbate Evolution and Single Lattice Oxygen Mechanisms of OER in Transition Metal‐Based (oxy)Hydroxide
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of transition metal (TM)‐based (oxy)hydroxide is dominated by the number and nature of surface active sites, which are generally considered to be TM atoms occupying less than half of surface sites, with most being inactive oxygen atoms. Herein, based on an in situ competing growth strategy of bimetallic ions and OH − ions, a facile one‐step method is proposed to modulate oxygen defects in NiFe‐layered double hydroxide (NiFe‐LDH)/FeOOH heterostructure, which may trigger the single lattice oxygen mechanism (sLOM). Interestingly, by only varying the addition of H 2 O 2 , one can simultaneously regulate the concentration of oxygen defects, the valence of metal sites, and the ratio of components. The proper oxygen defects promote synergy between the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM, metal redox chemistry) and sLOM (oxygen redox chemistry) of OER in NiFe‐based (oxy)hydroxide, practically maximizing the use of surface TM and oxygen atoms as active sites. Consequently, the optimal NiFe‐LDH/FeOOH heterostructure outperforms the reported non‐noble OER catalysts in electrocatalytic activity, with an overpotential of 177 mV to deliver a current density of 20 mA cm −2 and high stability. The novel strategy exemplifies a facile and versatile approach to designing highly active TM‐LDH‐based OER electrocatalysts for energy and environmental applications.
Journal Article