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"Wang, S"
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Dynamic Web programming and HTML5
\"Preface Ever since the early 1980's, the Web grew, expanded, and evolved. Today the Web is omnipresent and part of our daily lives. In addition to Web access from the home and offce, modern users carry it with them by laptops, tablets and smartphones. Commercial out ts are nding it necessary to o er Web access to their customers, often without charge. As a result, organizations large and small as well as individuals are increas- ingly moving their operations online. The need for well-trained and competent Web developers is ever increasing. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to Web pro- gramming covering new Web standards and emphasising dynamism and user- friendliness. The text helps you master Web development with a well-selected set of topics. Hands-on practice is encouraged; it is the only way to gain experience with the technologies and techniques for building superb sites. An overwiew of the Web and Internet gets you a whole-forest view rst. The chapters lead you from page structuring (HTML), page styling (CSS), user input processing (forms and PHP), dynamic user interfacing (JavaScript), and more, all the way to mobile website development. There are many examples and complete programs ready to run. A summary and exercises of varying degrees of difficulty can be found at the end of each chapter. A companion website provides appendices, information updates, an example code package, and other resources for instructors as well as students. See page 613 for details. User Friendly and Comprehensive The exciting new HTML5 with its associated open Web platform standards is a major focus of this textbook. Dynamic page generation and user input processing with PHP is another\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The influence of Arctic amplification on mid-latitude summer circulation
Accelerated warming in the Arctic, as compared to the rest of the globe, might have profound impacts on mid-latitude weather. Most studies analyzing Arctic links to mid-latitude weather focused on winter, yet recent summers have seen strong reductions in sea-ice extent and snow cover, a weakened equator-to-pole thermal gradient and associated weakening of the mid-latitude circulation. We review the scientific evidence behind three leading hypotheses on the influence of Arctic changes on mid-latitude summer weather: Weakened storm tracks, shifted jet streams, and amplified quasi-stationary waves. We show that interactions between Arctic teleconnections and other remote and regional feedback processes could lead to more persistent hot-dry extremes in the mid-latitudes. The exact nature of these non-linear interactions is not well quantified but they provide potential high-impact risks for society.
Accelerated global warming in the Arctic might have profound impacts on mid-latitude weather particularly in winter, although the evidence for an effect also in summer is also growing. Here Coumou et al. show that these interactions could lead to more persistent hot-dry extremes in mid-latitudes.
Journal Article
From computing to computational thinking
\"Computational Thinking (CT) involves fundamental concepts and reasoning, distilled from computer science and other computational sciences, which became powerful general mental tools for solving problems, increasing efficiency, reducing complexity, designing procedures, or interacting with humans and machines. An easy-to-understand guidebook From Computing to Computational Thinking gives you the tools for understanding and using CT. It does not assume experience or knowledge of programming or of a programming language, but explains concepts and methods for CT with clarity and depth. Successful applications in diverse disciplines have shown the power of CT in problem solving. The book uses puzzles, games, and everyday examples as starting points for discussion and for connecting abstract thinking patterns to real-life situations. It provides an interesting and thought-provoking way to gain general knowledge about modern computing and the concepts and thinking processes underlying modern digital technologies\"--Back cover.
Book
Pacific decadal oscillation remotely forced by the equatorial Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans
The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the leading mode of Pacific decadal sea surface temperature variability, arises mainly from combinations of regional air-sea interaction within the North Pacific Ocean and remote forcing, such as from the tropical Pacific and the Atlantic. Because of such a combination of mechanisms, a question remains as to how much PDO variability originates from these regions. To better understand PDO variability, the equatorial Pacific and the Atlantic impacts on the PDO are examined using several 3-dimensional partial ocean data assimilation experiments conducted with two global climate models: the CESM1.0 and MIROC3.2m. In these partial assimilation experiments, the climate models are constrained by observed temperature and salinity anomalies, one solely in the Atlantic basin and the other solely in the equatorial Pacific basin, but are allowed to evolve freely in other regions. These experiments demonstrate that, in addition to the tropical Pacific’s role in driving PDO variability, the Atlantic can affect PDO variability by modulating the tropical Pacific climate through two proposed processes. One is the equatorial pathway, in which tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) variability causes an El Niño-like SST response in the equatorial Pacific through the reorganization of the global Walker circulation. The other is the north tropical pathway, where low-frequency SST variability associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation induces a Matsuno-Gill type atmospheric response in the tropical Atlantic-Pacific sectors north of the equator. These results provide a quantitative assessment suggesting that 12–29% of PDO variance originates from the Atlantic Ocean and 40–44% from the tropical Pacific. The remaining 27–48% of the variance is inferred to arise from other processes such as regional ocean-atmosphere interactions in the North Pacific and possibly teleconnections from the Indian Ocean.
Journal Article
CYP2C9 polymorphism analysis in Han Chinese populations: building the largest allele frequency database
Genetic polymorphisms of
CYP2C9
significantly influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of some drugs, which might result in adverse drug effects and therapeutic failure. Several studies have been performed on
CYP2C9
genetic polymorphisms in Han Chinese populations. However, these studies only focused on two commonly investigated alleles,
*2
and
*3
, in relatively small sample sizes. To scale up the gene-scanning region and determine relatively precise data on the genetic distribution pattern in Chinese populations, unrelated healthy Han Chinese volunteers from Zhejiang Province (
n
=1127) and Hebei (
n
=1000) Province were recruited as subjects for the direct sequencing of all exons of
CYP2C9
. As a result, 14 previously reported alleles were detected in this work, and 8 of these alleles (
*14
,
*16
,
*19
,
*23
,
*27
,
*29
,
*33
and
*34
) were described for the first time in Chinese populations. In addition, 37 novel mutations were also detected, of which 22 variants were non-synonymous, and 21 new alleles,
*36-*56
, were designated by the Human CYP Allele Nomenclature Committee.
In vitro
functional analysis of these 22 novel CYP2C9 variants revealed that 17 mutations had a significant influence on the protein’s catalytic activity. Our study provides the most accurate data on
CYP2C9
polymorphisms in Han Chinese populations and detects the largest number of novel allelic variants existing to date. These new alleles will greatly enrich the current knowledge of naturally occurring
CYP2C9
variants in Chinese populations.
Journal Article
Advanced Approaches to Breast Cancer Classification and Diagnosis
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has recently reported a 66% increase in the global number of cancer deaths since 1960. In the US alone, about one in eight women is expected to develop invasive breast cancer(s) (breast cancer) at some point in their lifetime. Traditionally, a BC diagnosis includes mammography, ultrasound, and some high-end molecular bioimaging. Unfortunately, these techniques detect BC at a later stage. So early and advanced molecular diagnostic tools are still in demand. In the past decade, various histological and immuno-molecular studies have demonstrated that BC is highly heterogeneous in nature. Its growth pattern, cytological features, and expression of key biomarkers in BC cells including hormonal receptor markers can be utilized to develop advanced diagnostic and therapeutic tools. A cancer cell's progression to malignancy exhibits various vital biomarkers, many of which are still underrepresented in BC diagnosis and treatment. Advances in genetics have also enabled the development of multigene assays to detect genetic heterogeneity in BC. However, thus far, the FDA has approved only four such biomarkers—cancer antigens (CA); CA 15-3, CA 27-29, Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and circulating tumor cells (CTC) in assessing BC in body fluids. An adequately structured portable-biosensor with its non-invasive and inexpensive point-of-care analysis can quickly detect such biomarkers without significantly compromising its specificity and selectivity. Such advanced techniques are likely to discriminate between BC and a healthy patient by accurately measuring the cell shape, structure, depth, intracellular and extracellular environment, and lipid membrane compositions. Presently, BC treatments include surgery and systemic chemo- and targeted radiation therapy. A biopsied sample is then subjected to various multigene assays to predict the heterogeneity and recurrence score, thus guiding a specific treatment by providing complete information on the BC subtype involved. Thus far, we have seven prognostic multigene signature tests for BC providing a risk profile that can avoid unnecessary treatments in low-risk patients. Many comparative studies on multigene analysis projected the importance of integrating clinicopathological information with genomic-imprint analysis. Current cohort studies such as MINDACT, TAILORx, Trans-aTTOM, and many more, are likely to provide positive impact on long-term patient outcome. This review offers consolidated information on currently available BC diagnosis and treatment options. It further describes advanced biomarkers for the development of state-of-the-art early screening and diagnostic technologies.
Journal Article
HUBS: Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor
Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) is proposed in China as a major X-ray mission for the next decade. It is designed to be highly focused scientifically, with two primary objectives: (1) detecting X-ray emission from hot baryons in intergalactic medium and circumgalactic medium (CGM), and characterizing their physical and chemical properties; (2) studying, based on the observations, the accretion and feedback processes that are thought to be highly relevant to the heating and chemical enrichment of the baryons in the CGM. Because of very low densities, the signal is expected to be very weak and thus technically difficult to detect. On the other hand, the spectrum of the emission is expected to be line rich, so it would be effective for detecting the hot baryons in bright emission lines. For that, an instrument with high spectral resolution, large effective area and large field of view (FoV) would be required. HUBS will couple a TES-based X-ray imaging spectrometer to a large FoV X-ray telescope to satisfy these requirements. A preliminary design of HUBS is presented.
Journal Article