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"Yao, Wang"
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China's outward foreign direct investments and impact on the world economy
\"With its GDP rivalling that of the US, China is fast becoming the world's largest economy. China's foreign exchange reserves have increased rapidly alongside it's economic development, and it has become one of the largest recipients of foreign direct investment. This study makes useful contributions to existing literature on China's outward investment's by examining the causes and consequences of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) explosion. It is the first of its kind to introduce a partial stock adjustment model to examine the dynamic adjustment of China's OFDI.The authors provide a comprehensive view of the development of China's OFDI by comparing the early period of 1991-2000 and the more recent period of 2003-2009. Through the use of case studies and modeling approaches the authors examine the effects of China's outward investment on individual companies or industrial sectors. They study the underlying motivations and locational determinants of China's OFDI, the impact on other source countries' OFDI in the host countries, and the dynamic adjustment of China's OFDI and its relationship with China's inward foreign direct investment (IFDI). The two case studies on Chinalco's investment in Rio Tinto and Geely's acquisition of Volvo reveal two important motivations of Chinese firms: resource-seeking and technological seeking. The modelling results show that China's outward investments have had significant displacement effect on OECD countries' investments. In contrast to many media commentaries, the authors suggest that such effects are not resources-oriented. Finally, the study examines the motivation behind China's outward investments, and suggests that China has implemented a national policy to promote overseas investment for two reasons: national security and national status as a business power.This study focuses on the development of China's OFDI and the examines the impact it has on the world economy. It will be an indispensable tool for scholars and researchers interested in FDI, China, and the developing economics\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Artificial intelligence-assisted mindfulness in tourism, hospitality, and events
Purpose
Following the increasing trend of artificial intelligence (AI) research in hospitality literature, this critical reflection paper aims to identify AI-assisted mindfulness as a critical yet under-investigated issue and to contribute feasible directions for future research.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors first conceptualize a framework explaining the effects of mindfulness design in AI interventions on improving human mindfulness. The authors then identify opportunities for interventions in AI-assisted mindfulness for the tourism, hospitality and events industries. Finally, the authors propose potential themes for AI-assisted mindfulness research.
Findings
This study contributes three major conceptual works. First, we conceptualize a framework of AI-assisted mindfulness, showcasing that the scope of AI-assisted mindfulness spans from AI interventions to state mindfulness and then to trait mindfulness. Second, the authors offer two approaches to strategic thinking, one from mindfulness (i.e. mindfulness-focused niche markets and activities) and one from AI applications (i.e. AI-facilitated devices and platforms), to identify opportunities for AI-assisted mindfulness interventions. Third, for both management- and marketing-oriented AI-assisted mindfulness research, the authors propose 18 themes.
Research limitations/implications
This critical reflection paper offers directions for future knowledge creation in AI-assisted mindfulness in the tourism, hospitality and events industries.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this critical reflection paper serves as the first in hospitality and tourism literature to systematically propose the research issue of AI-assisted mindfulness, offering directions and themes for future research.
Journal Article
تطوير الكفاءة في التجارة الصينية : (كتاب المحادثة)
يتوجه الكتاب بشكل خاص للمستخدمين الذين اكتسبوا سابقا بعض المهارات الأساسية في اللغة الصينية، ويرغبون بتعلم اللغة للقيام بالأعمال التجارية في سياق اللغة الصينية بعبارة أوضح، يستهدف الكتاب المتعلمين الذين أتقنوا حوالى 800 حرف من الأحرف الصينية الشائعة، وحوالى 1000 من التعابير أو الكلمات الصينية، بالإضافة إلى أساسيات القواعد في اللغة الصينية. يمكن أن يستخدم الكتاب ككتاب مدرسي للطلاب الأجانب في الصين الذين يأخذون مقررا اختياريا في التجارة الصينية.
Book
Efficient assembly of nanopore reads via highly accurate and intact error correction
Long nanopore reads are advantageous in de novo genome assembly. However, nanopore reads usually have broad error distribution and high-error-rate subsequences. Existing error correction tools cannot correct nanopore reads efficiently and effectively. Most methods trim high-error-rate subsequences during error correction, which reduces both the length of the reads and contiguity of the final assembly. Here, we develop an error correction, and de novo assembly tool designed to overcome complex errors in nanopore reads. We propose an adaptive read selection and two-step progressive method to quickly correct nanopore reads to high accuracy. We introduce a two-stage assembler to utilize the full length of nanopore reads. Our tool achieves superior performance in both error correction and de novo assembling nanopore reads. It requires only 8122 hours to assemble a 35X coverage human genome and achieves a 2.47-fold improvement in NG50. Furthermore, our assembly of the human WERI cell line shows an NG50 of 22 Mbp. The high-quality assembly of nanopore reads can significantly reduce false positives in structure variation detection.
Nanopore reads have been advantageous for de novo genome assembly; however these reads have high error rates. Here, the authors develop an error correction and de novo assembly tool, NECAT, which produces efficient, high quality assemblies of nanopore reads.
Journal Article
Relative-error approximate versions of Douglas–Rachford splitting and special cases of the ADMM
We derive a new approximate version of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) which uses a relative error criterion. The new version is somewhat restrictive and allows only one of the two subproblems to be minimized approximately, but nevertheless covers commonly encountered special cases. The derivation exploits the long-established relationship between the ADMM and both the proximal point algorithm (PPA) and Douglas–Rachford (DR) splitting for maximal monotone operators, along with a relative-error of the PPA due to Solodov and Svaiter. In the course of analysis, we also derive a version of DR splitting in which one operator may be evaluated approximately using a relative error criterion. We computationally evaluate our method on several classes of test problems and find that it significantly outperforms several alternatives on one problem class.
Journal Article
نهر الرمال
لم يستطع سان تسانغ ومعه وو كونغ وبا جيه إكمال رحلتهم إلى الغرب بسبب نهر الرمال المتحركة الذي اعترض طريقهم، وكان يعيش في النهر شيطان له «عقد» ضخم مكون من تسع جماجم أراد التهام الراهب سان تسانغ فخاض با جيه قتالا عنيفا مع الشيطان ولكنه لم يهزمه وحين هاجمه القرد بعصاه الحديدية فر الشيطان هاربا إلى قاع النهر ولم يجرؤ على الخروج فنزل با جيه في النهر وحاول استدراج الشيطان إلى الشاطئ ليقبض عليه القرد، لكن الشيطان حين رأى القرد غاص في قاع النهر، فلجأ القرد إلى قوان بن طلبا للمساعدة، لكن اتضح أن قوان بن أثارت الشيطان وأمرته باتباع سان تسانغ فأرسلت مساعدها مو تشا لمساعدتهم وبعد أن عرف الشيطان أن سان تسانغ هو راهب تانغ، وافق على أن يصبح تلميذه الثالث، وأطلق عليه سان تسانغ : «الراهب شا» ثم استخدم مو : ثم استخدم مو تشا القرع الأحمر الذي أعطته له قوان ين، ووضعه على عقد الجماجم وحولهما إلى قارب واستطاع سان تسانغ مع تلاميذه الثلاثة عبور النهر ومواصلة رحلتهم.
Book
In situ probing electrified interfacial water structures at atomically flat surfaces
Solid/liquid interfaces are ubiquitous in nature and knowledge of their atomic-level structure is essential in elucidating many phenomena in chemistry, physics, materials science and Earth science1. In electrochemistry, in particular, the detailed structure of interfacial water, such as the orientation and hydrogen-bonding network in electric double layers under bias potentials, has a significant impact on the electrochemical performances of electrode materials2–4. To elucidate the structures of electric double layers at electrochemical interfaces, we combine in situ Raman spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics and distinguish two structural transitions of interfacial water at electrified Au single-crystal electrode surfaces. Towards negative potentials, the interfacial water molecules evolve from structurally ‘parallel’ to ‘one-H-down’ and then to ‘two-H-down’. Concurrently, the number of hydrogen bonds in the interfacial water also undergoes two transitions. Our findings shed light on the fundamental understanding of electric double layers and electrochemical processes at the interfaces.Interfacial water structures in electric double layers under bias potentials can impact the electrochemical performance of electrodes. Two structural transitions of interfacial water at electrified Au single-crystal electrode surfaces have now been identified.
Journal Article
Estimation of LAI with the LiDAR Technology: A Review
Leaf area index (LAI) is an important vegetation parameter. Active light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology has been widely used to estimate vegetation LAI. In this study, LiDAR technology, LAI retrieval and validation methods, and impact factors are reviewed. First, the paper introduces types of LiDAR systems and LiDAR data preprocessing methods. After introducing the application of different LiDAR systems, LAI retrieval methods are described. Subsequently, the review discusses various LiDAR LAI validation schemes and limitations in LiDAR LAI validation. Finally, factors affecting LAI estimation are analyzed. The review presents that LAI is mainly estimated from LiDAR data by means of the correlation with the gap fraction and contact frequency, and also from the regression of forest biophysical parameters derived from LiDAR. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) can be used to effectively estimate the LAI and vertical foliage profile (VFP) within plots, but this method is affected by clumping, occlusion, voxel size, and woody material. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) covers relatively large areas in a spatially contiguous manner. However, the capability of describing the within-canopy structure is limited, and the accuracy of LAI estimation with ALS is affected by the height threshold and sampling size, and types of return. Spaceborne laser scanning (SLS) provides the global LAI and VFP, and the accuracy of estimation is affected by the footprint size and topography. The use of LiDAR instruments for the retrieval of the LAI and VFP has increased; however, current LiDAR LAI validation studies are mostly performed at local scales. Future research should explore new methods to invert LAI and VFP from LiDAR and enhance the quantitative analysis and large-scale validation of the parameters.
Journal Article