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وضع المؤلف في هذا الكتاب أنامله على ما يتميز بالسمات الخاصة من موضوعات ونقاط نيرة في الثقافة الصينية ليقدم تعريفا بها بشكل محدد ومعمق عبر بعض النماذج من الأمثلة والمعلومات، سعيا وراء إبراز لباب الثقافة الصينية بما فيه : المغزى المحتوى عليه والقيمة الجوهرية، وفي سبيل إلقاء الضوء على العالم الروحاني والخلق الثقافي بين جوانح الصينيين، وموقفهم من الحياة ونزعتهم في تقدير الجمال، رغبة منه في عرض صورتهم الإنسانية التي تتجسد في تقدير الطبيعة وحب الحياة، والتطلع إلى الرخاء واليسر، واللياقة والسماحة، وتفتح الذهن وسعة الصدر، والدأب في العمل والإبداع، والميل إلى فعل الخير.

Do investment tax incentives improve job prospects for workers? We explore states' adoption of a major federal tax incentive that accelerates the depreciation of equipment investments for eligible firms but not for ineligible ones. Analyzing massive establishment-level data sets on occupational employment and computer investment, we find that when states expand investment incentives, eligible firms immediately increase their equipment and skilled employees; whereas they reduce routine-task employees after a delay of up to two years. These opposing effects constitute an overall insignificant effect on the firms' total employment and shed light on the nuances of job creation through investment incentives.

وضع المؤلف في هذا الكتاب أنامله على ما يتميز بالسمات الخاصة من موضوعات ونقاط نيرة في الثقافة الصينية ليقدم تعريفا بها بشكل محدد ومتعمق عبر بعض النماذج من الأمثلة والمعلومات، سعيا وراء إبراز لباب الثقافة الصينية بما فيه المغزى المحتوى عليه والقيمة الجوهرية، وفي سبيل إلقاء ضوء على العالم الروحاني والخلق الثقافي بين جوانح الصينيين، وموقفهم من الحياة ونزعتهم في تقدير الجمال رغبة منه في عرض صورتهم الإنسانية التي تتجسد في تقدير الطبيعة وحب الحياة، والتطلع إلى الرخاء واليسر، واللياقة والسماحة، وتفتح الذهن وسعة الصدر، والدؤوبة في العمل والإبداع والميل إلى عمل الخير.

This paper studies the asset pricing implications of a firm's opportunities to replace routine-task labor with automation. I develop a model in which firms optimally under-take such replacement when their productivity is low. Hence, firms with routine-task labor maintain a replacement option that hedges their value against unfavorable macroeconomic shocks and lowers their expected returns. Using establishment-level occupational data, I construct a measure of firms' share of routine-task labor. Compared to their industry peers, firms with a higher share of routine-task labor (i) invest more in machines and reduce more routine-task labor during economic downturns, and (ii) have lower expected stock returns.

\"Twenty science and nature essays that represent the best examples of the form published in 2022.\" -- Provided by publisher.

The radial distribution of \\[D^0\\] mesons in jets probes the diffusion of charm quark relative to the jet axis and provides a new perspective to study the interaction mechanisms between heavy quarks and the medium in the nucleus-nucleus collisions. The in-medium parton propagations are described by a Monte Carlo transport model which uses the next-to-leading order (NLO) plus parton shower (PS) event generator SHERPA as input and includes elastic (collisional) and inelastic (radiative) interaction for heavy quarks as well as light partons. At low \\[D^0\\] meson \\[p_T\\], the radial distribution significantly shifts to larger radius indicating a strong diffusion effect which is consistent with the recent experimental data. We demonstrate that the angular deviation of charm quarks declines with \\[p_T\\] and is very sensitive to the collisional more than radiative interaction at \\[p_T<5\\] GeV. As predictions, we present the \\[D^0\\] meson radial distribution in jets in p + p and \\[0{-}10\\%\\] Au + Au collisions at \\[\\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200\\] GeV at the RHIC, and also estimate the nuclear modification factor of charm jet in central Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV at the RHIC and central Pb + Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV at the LHC.

The Seebeck effect and the Nernst effect, which reflect the appearance of electric fields along x-axis and along y-axis (Ex and Ey), respectively, induced by the thermal gradient along x-axis, are studied in the QGP at an external magnetic field along z-axis. We calculate the associated Seebeck coefficient (Sxx) and Nernst signal (N) using the relativistic Boltzmann equation under the relaxation time approximation. In an isotropic QGP, the influences of magnetic field (B) and quark chemical potential (μq) on these thermoelectric transport coefficients are investigated. In the presence (absence) of weak magnetic field, we find Sxx for a fixed μq is negative (positive) in sign, indicating that the dominant carriers for converting heat gradient to electric field are negatively (positively) charged quarks. The absolute value of Sxx decreases with increasing temperature. Unlike Sxx, the sign of N is independent of charge carrier type, and its thermal behavior displays a peak structure. In the presence of strong magnetic field, due to the Landau quantization of transverse motion of (anti-)quarks perpendicular to magnetic field, only the longitudinal Seebeck coefficient (Szz) exists. Our results show that the value of Szz at a fixed μq in the lowest Landau level (LLL) approximation always remains positive. Within the effect of high Landau levels, Szz exhibits a thermal structure similar to that in the LLL approximation. As the Landau level increases further, Szz decreases and even its sign changes from positive to negative. The computations of these thermoelectric transport coefficients are also extended to a medium with momentum-anisotropy induced by initial spatial expansion as well as strong magnetic field.

We carry out the first theoretical investigation on yields and the hardest parton splitting of large-radius jets reclustered from small radius (R=0.2) anti-kt jets in Pb + Pb collisions, and confront them with the recent ATLAS measurements. The Linear Boltzmann Transport (LBT) model is employed for jet propagation and jet-induced medium excitation in the hot-dense medium. We demonstrate that, with their complex structures, the medium suppression of the reclustered large radius jets at R=1 is larger than that of inclusive R=0.4 jets defined conventionally. The large radius jet constituents are reclustered with the kt algorithm to obtain the splitting scale d12, which characterizes the transverse momentum scale for the hardest splitting in the jet. The large-radius jet production as a function of the splitting scale d12 of the hardest parton splitting is overall suppressed in Pb + Pb relative to p + p collisions due to the reduction of jets yields. A detailed analyses show that the alterations of jet substructures in Pb + Pb also make significant contribution to the splitting scale d12 dependence of the nuclear modification factor RAA. Numerical results for the medium modifications of the jet splitting angle ΔR12 and the splitting fraction z are also presented.

Early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease plays a pivotal role in patient care and clinical trials. In this study, we have developed a new approach based on 3D deep convolutional neural networks to accurately differentiate mild Alzheimer’s disease dementia from mild cognitive impairment and cognitively normal individuals using structural MRIs. For comparison, we have built a reference model based on the volumes and thickness of previously reported brain regions that are known to be implicated in disease progression. We validate both models on an internal held-out cohort from The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and on an external independent cohort from The National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC). The deep-learning model is accurate, achieved an area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 85.12 when distinguishing between cognitive normal subjects and subjects with either MCI or mild Alzheimer’s dementia. In the more challenging task of detecting MCI, it achieves an AUC of 62.45. It is also significantly faster than the volume/thickness model in which the volumes and thickness need to be extracted beforehand. The model can also be used to forecast progression: subjects with mild cognitive impairment misclassified as having mild Alzheimer’s disease dementia by the model were faster to progress to dementia over time. An analysis of the features learned by the proposed model shows that it relies on a wide range of regions associated with Alzheimer's disease. These findings suggest that deep neural networks can automatically learn to identify imaging biomarkers that are predictive of Alzheimer's disease, and leverage them to achieve accurate early detection of the disease.

The addition of camrelizumab to gemcitabine and cisplatin showed promising activity as first-line therapy in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a phase 1 trial. We therefore compared camrelizumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin with placebo plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in a randomised phase 3 trial. In this randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial done at 28 hospitals in China, patients were eligible if they were aged 18–75 years, had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0–1, and had previously untreated recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1; using an interactive web-response system with a block size of four) to receive either camrelizumab (200 mg on day 1) or matching placebo intravenously, plus gemcitabine and cisplatin (gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8; cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1) intravenously every 3 weeks for four to six cycles, followed by maintenance therapy with camrelizumab or placebo, until radiographic progression, unacceptable toxicity, start of new anticancer treatment, investigator decision, or withdrawal of consent. Stratification factors used in randomisation were liver metastases, previous radical concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and ECOG performance status. The allocation sequence was generated by an independent randomisation group. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival per independent review committee. The significance threshold for independent review committee-assessed progression-free survival was p=0·0086 (one-sided) at the interim analysis. Efficacy and safety analyses included all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03707509, and is closed for enrolment but is ongoing. Between Nov 13, 2018, and Nov 29, 2019, 343 patients were screened and 263 were eligible and were randomly assigned to the camrelizumab group (n=134) or placebo group (n=129). At the prespecified interim analysis (June 15, 2020), independent review committee-assessed progression-free survival was significantly longer in the camrelizumab group (median 9·7 months [95% CI 8·3–11·4]) than in the placebo group (median 6·9 months [5·9–7·3]; hazard ratio 0·54 [95% CI 0·39–0·76]; one-sided p=0·0002). As of Dec 31, 2020, the most common grade 3 or worse adverse events of any cause were decreased white blood cell count (89 [66%] of 134 patients in the camrelizumab group vs 90 [70%] of 129 patients in the placebo group), decreased neutrophil count (86 [64%] vs 85 [66%]), anaemia (53 [40%] vs 57 [44%]), and decreased platelet count (53 [40%] vs 52 [40%]). Serious adverse events were reported in 59 (44%) of 134 patients in the camrelizumab group and 48 (37%) of 129 patients in the placebo group. Treatment-related deaths occurred in five (4%) patients in the camrelizumab group (two unknown cause of death, one multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, one pharyngeal haemorrhage, and one arrhythmia) and one (<1%) patient in the placebo group (unknown cause of death). Our findings suggest that camrelizumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin could be a new standard of care for patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the first-line setting. Longer follow-up is needed to confirm this conclusion. Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals (formerly Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine). For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.