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Feeding ruminants a high-grain (HG) diet is a widely used strategy to improve milk yield and cost efficiency. However, it may cause certain metabolic disorders. At present, information about the effects of HG diets on the systemic metabolic profile of goats and the correlation of such diets with rumen bacteria is limited. In the present study, goats were randomly divided into two groups: one was fed the hay diet (hay; n = 5), while the other was fed HG diets (HG; n = 5). On day 50, samples of rumen contents, peripheral blood serum and liver tissues were collected to determine the metabolic profiles in the rumen fluid, liver and serum and the microbial composition in rumen. The results revealed that HG diets reduced (P < 0.05) the community richness and diversity of rumen microbiota, with an increase in the Chao 1 and Shannon index and a decrease in the Simpson index. HG diets also altered the composition of rumen microbiota, with 30 genera affected (P < 0.05). Data on the metabolome showed that the metabolites in the rumen fluid, liver and serum were affected (variable importance projection > 1, P <0.05) by dietary treatment, with 47, 10 and 27 metabolites identified as differentially metabolites. Pathway analysis showed that the common metabolites in the shared key pathway (aminoacyl-transfer RNA biosynthesis) in the rumen fluid, liver and serum were glycine, lysine and valine. These findings suggested that HG diets changed the composition of the rumen microbiota and metabolites in the rumen fluid, liver and serum, mainly involved in amino acid metabolism. Our findings provide new insights into the understanding of diet-related systemic metabolism and the effects of HG diets on the overall health of goats.

In the current intensive production system, ruminants are often fed high-grain (HG) diets. However, this feeding pattern often causes rumen metabolic disorders and may further trigger laminitis, the exact mechanism is not clear. This study investigated the effect of HG diet feeding on fermentative and microbial changes in the rumen and on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the lamellar tissue. In all, 12 male goats were fed a hay diet (0% grain; n=6) or an HG diet (56.5% grain; n=6). On day 50 of treatment, samples of blood, rumen content, and lamellar tissue of hooves of goats were collected. The data showed that compared with the hay group, HG-fed goats had lower (P<0.05) rumen pH but higher (P<0.05) total volatile fatty acids and lactate in the rumen and higher (P<0.05) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in the rumen and blood. HG diet feeding altered the composition of rumen bacterial community, and correspondingly, the results suggested that their functions in the HG group were also altered. HG diet feeding increased (P<0.05) the expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and MMP-2 mRNA in the lamellar tissues compared with the hay group. Correlation analysis indicated that the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were positively correlated with MMP-2 expression in lamellar tissues. Overall, these results revealed that HG feeding altered the patterns of rumen fermentation and the composition and functions of rumen bacterial community, and lead to higher levels of LPS in the peripheral blood, and further activated the inflammatory response in lamellar tissues, which may progress to the level of laminar damage.

This study documents the characteristics of bainite transformations in deformed austenite during continuous cooling of a low-carbon microalloyed steel. In particular, it describes the distinguishing features of the two types of bainite observed: conventional bainite (CB) and acicular ferrite (AF). CB nucleates at prior austenite grain boundaries and grows as packets of parallel ferrite laths. Growth of CB packets is limited by either the deformation substructure (“mechanical stabilization”) or austenite grain boundaries. AF nucleates at intragranular sites and grows as individual ferrite laths or groups of parallel laths. In an AF group of parallel laths, some neighboring laths have the same orientation, but a significant number have dissimilar orientations. Neighboring laths having dissimilar orientation are two variants of either Kurdjumov–Sachs (KS) or Nishiyama–Wasserman (NW). It is proposed that the AF nucleation sites are dislocation boundaries having a relatively high misorientation ( i.e., microbands (MBs) and minimized by the variant selection mechanism).

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. The IL-23/IL-17 pathway plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of CD. More and more approved IL-23 inhibitors are being used for the treatment of CD. However, no studies have systematically compared and evaluated the efficacy of these IL-23 inhibitors. This study aims to compare the efficacy of various IL-23 inhibitors(Brazikumab, Guselkumab, Mirikizumab, Risankizumab, and Ustekinumab) for treating Crohn's disease by conducting a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA). We searched the database, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and Web of Science, Clinical Trials. gov, (from inception until February 5, 2023). Efficacy (Clinic response, Clinic remission, Endep remission, and C-reactive protein) were compared using a Bayesian NMA. Results were presented as the pooled estimates of odds ratios (ORs) or weighted mean difference (WMD) (95% CI). The random-effects model was selected to synthesize the data. The ranking probability for each IL-23 inhibitor was evaluated using the surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA). The larger the SUCRA value, the better the rank of the intervention. The global inconsistency was evaluated by comparing the fit of consistency and inconsistency models, where P ≤ 0.05 indicated inconsistency. All analyses were conducted using the gemtc package of R (version 4.2.2). In terms of Clinic response, a total of 40 studies were included. The NMA showed that Brazikumab combined with Guselkumab [OR=-0.98, 95% (CI, -2.9, 0.91)], PBO(PBO) combined with Risankizumab [OR=-0.54, 95% (CI, -1.16, 0.18)], PBO combined with Ustekinumab [OR=-1.38, 95% (CI, -2.77, -0.01)], Risankizumab combined with Ustekinumab [OR=-0.84, 95% (CI, -2.43, 0.63)]. According to SUCRA, Ustekinumab (78.9%), Risankizumab (52.2%), PBO(23.6%), Mirikizumab(34%), Guselkumab (87.6%), and Brazikumab (23.6%). For clinic remission, the result of NMA showed that Brazikumab combined with Guselkumab [OR=-1.59, 95% (CI, -3.78, 0.59)], Brazikumab combined with Ustekinumab [OR=-1.37, 95% (CI, -3.57, 0.83)], PBO combined with Risankizumab [OR=-0.47, 95% (CI, -1.19, 0.34)], PBO combined with Ustekinumab [OR=-1.26, 95% (CI, -2.86, 0.33)], Risankizumab combined with Ustekinumab [OR=-0.8, 95% (CI, -2.6, 0.93)]. According to SUCRA, Ustekinumab (79.3%), Risankizumab (53.7%), PBO(22.1%), Mirikizumab(33.4%), Guselkumab (90.3%)and Brazikumab (21.7%) (Figure 1). In terms of efficacy alone, Guselkumab ranked first among all IL-23 inhibitors, followed by Ustekinumab, and all had significantly different clinical remission rates than patients in the PBO group, while the remaining drugs were less effective than PBO. [Display omitted] NIL. NIL. None Declared.

Summary Biofilm formation and the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by meso‐ and thermoacidophilic metal‐oxidizing archaea on relevant substrates have been studied to a limited extent. In order to investigate glycoconjugates, a major part of the EPS, during biofilm formation/bioleaching by archaea on pyrite, a screening with 75 commercially available lectins by fluorescence lectin‐binding analysis (FLBA) has been performed. Three representative archaeal species, Ferroplasma acidiphilum DSM 28986, Sulfolobus metallicus DSM 6482T and a novel isolate Acidianus sp. DSM 29099 were used. In addition, Acidianus sp. DSM 29099 biofilms on elemental sulfur were studied. The results of FLBA indicate (i) 22 lectins bound to archaeal biofilms on pyrite and 21 lectins were binding to Acidianus sp. DSM 29099 biofilms on elemental sulfur; (ii) major binding patterns, e.g. tightly bound EPS and loosely bound EPS, were detected on both substrates; (iii) the three archaeal species produced various EPS glycoconjugates on pyrite surfaces. Additionally, the substratum induced different EPS glycoconjugates and biofilm structures of cells of Acidianus sp. DSM 29099. Our data provide new insights into interactions between acidophilic archaea on relevant surfaces and also indicate that FLBA is a valuable tool for in situ investigations on archaeal biofilms. Our article describes the first high‐throughput screening of the presence of glycoconjugates in meso‐and thermoacidophilic archaeal species on relevant surfaces by using fluorescently labeled lectin binding assays (FLBA) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).

High-precision analyses of supersymmetry parameters aim at reconstructing the fundamental supersymmetric theory and its breaking mechanism. A well defined theoretical framework is needed when higher-order corrections are included. We propose such a scheme, Supersymmetry Parameter Analysis SPA, based on a consistent set of conventions and input parameters. A repository for computer programs is provided which connect parameters in different schemes and relate the Lagrangian parameters to physical observables at LHC and high energy e + e- linear collider experiments, i.e., masses, mixings, decay widths and production cross sections for supersymmetric particles. In addition, programs for calculating high-precision low energy observables, the density of cold dark matter (CDM) in the universe as well as the cross sections for CDM search experiments are included. The SPA scheme still requires extended efforts on both the theoretical and experimental side before data can be evaluated in the future at the level of the desired precision. We take here an initial step of testing the SPA scheme by applying the techniques involved to a specific supersymmetry reference point.

Mantle-derived garnet peridotites are a minor component in many very high-pressure metamorphic terranes that formed during continental subduction and collision. Some of these mantle rocks contain trace amounts of zircon and micrometer-sized inclusions. The constituent minerals exhibit pre- and postsubduction microstructures, including polymorphic transformation and mineral exsolution. Experimental, mineralogical, petrochemical, and geochronological characterizations using novel techniques with high spatial, temporal, and energy resolutions are resulting in unexpected discoveries of new phases, providing better constraints on deep mantle processes.

Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner is a major leaf pest of sugarcane. Widely distributed, it affects both the yield and quality of sugarcane in China. This study aimed to assess real yield and sugar yield losses, and the effect of C. lanigera damage on emergence of newly planted and ratoon cane under current production levels. Field experiments were carried out from 2014 to 2016 in Yunnan Province China. At maturity, plants were harvested and weighed to determine yield, and the effect on sugarcane quality and sucrose content analyzed. Real yield decreased by average of 46,185 kg hm−2 (range: 37,545–61,845 kg hm−2) in damaged versus undamaged areas, with an average yield loss rate of 35.9% (28.5–45.7%). Juice yield decreased by an average of 3.01% (2.4–4.13%) and sucrose content by 6.38% (5.48–8.16%). Juice brix decreased by an average of 7.66°BX (6.95–9.05°BX) and juice gravity purity by 12.35% (8.43–19.97%). In contrast, the reducing sugar content increased by an average of 1.21% (1.01–1.3%). Emergence rates of newly planted cane decreased by an average of 26.0% (24.7–27.3%). The emergence number of ratoon cane decreased by 66,834 hm2 (57,429–76,238 hm−2) and relative emergence loss rates of ratoon cane decreased by an average of 57.8% (57.6–58.0%). These findings confirm that C. lanigera damage severely affects sugarcane yield and quality in Yunnan Province. The results will help the implementation of effective control measures, thereby supporting sustainable development of the Chinese sugar industry.

The hot power backward spinning(HPBS) of the high strength cast aluminums (HSCA) cylinder is a complex metal forming process. To analysis the plastic deformation of HSCA cylinder in HPBS process, a 3D coupled thermo-mechanical FE model of the process was built under the ABAQUS/explicit environment based on the solution of several key techniques, such as heat boundary condition treating, material properties definition, ALE adaptive meshing technology, etc., and verified by theoretical evaluation. Then simulation and analysis of HPBS of the process were carried out. The results show that the strain gradient which leads to the serious inhomogeneous deformation is produced in the thickness direction of the workpiece during the process.

Dan jiangkou hydropower station refurbished project, isan important project of Chinese refurbishment market. Tianjin Alstom Hydro Co., ltd won this contract by right of good performance and design technology,Its design took into account all the constraints linked to the existing frame. It results in a specific and highly advanced shape.The objective of this paper is to introduce the successful turbine hydraulic design, model test and mechanical design of Dan jiangkou project; and also analyze the cavitation phenomena occurred on runner band surface of Unit 4 after putting into commercial operation. These technology and feedback shall be a good reference and experience for other similar projects