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This paper explores the impact of the information communication and technology (ICT) on the economic growth in the developing countries, the study collect a data for 33 years (1990-2022) and a panel of eighteen developing countries, the purpose is to evaluate how the using of the ICT's impact the economic growth in the short and long term. Employing a panel series and an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration approach. Our research incorporates some key economic indicators such as GDP growth, individual using of the internet (INT), mobile cellular subscriptions (MCS), and gross fixed capital formation (GFCF). Our empirical results indicate a co-integration link between the variables based on Westerlund test. The results of (PMG-ARDL) reveal that (INT) negatively affect the GDP growth in both the short and long run, those results elucidate that a 1% increase in (INT) results in a -1.02% and -0.03% growth in growth economic. However, the same output showed that the MCS positively effect the economic growth, in the long term, a 1% increase in the MCS results in a 0.001% growth in the GDP growth, and a 0.04% in the short run. The robustness check using (CS-ARDL) showed that the ICT is negatively affect the economic growth in both short and long run. The causality test indicate that both of MCS and INT cause the economic growth.

This study investigates the global dynamics of the informal economy and the need for the coexistence of both the informal and formal economy. Developing and developed countries are beset with various forms of social and economic problems such as unemployment, poverty levels, informal jobs, and global issues. Informal Entrepreneurship remains a focal means to reduce unemployment and create jobs in many economies. Using the Institutional theory, the dynamics of informal economy and entrepreneurship were investigated using a qualitative approach and secondary data from the International Labour Organization and Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing datasets. The findings depict the need to ensure that both the informal and the formal economy coexist well rather than merging them due to their interwoven nature. This calls for the adoption of a entrepreneurship in different contexts Informal economy and informal entrepreneurship are essential for the reduction of global unemployment and development of innovation in the value chain in their contexts. Globally, informal economy and informal entrepreneurship provide safety nets, a source of livelihood, and pay informal levies that contribute to economic growth and development. The study shows how informal entrepreneurship contributes to the business environment. The contextual evidence from the literature justifies the necessity for informal entrepreneurship and the economy due to the interplay of imperfect market conditions, institutional voids, entrepreneurial behavior, and local business dynamics.

The theory developed from this study distinguishes itself from other Internationalisation process theories in that it acknowledges the concurrent influence of Free Trade Zones' geographic locations, managing authorities, socio-economic infrastructure and the interrelationship of these factors. Unlike the existing theories developed by the ecological school, which only account for the potential influence of external factors, this theory incorporates both internal and external factors into its explanation. Both, analytical and comparative approaches have been utilised to answer one question: Why FTZs succeeded in the UAE, Kazakhstan, and China, and how they contributed to the hosting countries' economy? The study analyses the success factors of the choses cases, and the results show that adopting such a system without putting in place the basic requirements for successful FTZ will determine its faith from the beginning, and concluded that FTZ can play a major role in the economic development by boosting economic diversifications.

Different countries, especially developing ones, have resorted since the middle of the last century to using industrial policy in order to expand the industrial base and push forward the economic development wheel. Tangible results have been achieved in many Asian countries, while no such results have been achieved in the countries of Latin America and Africa. Support has been dropped for the application of industrial policy since the mid-eighties of the last century because of the negative consequences resulting from it and then return again in the recent period. The research aims to analyze and discuss industrial policy and the extent of the need to use it in developing countries, it focuses on discussing the ideas and propositions of the two different approaches towards industrial policy. The first represents the position of those opposed to the industrial policy, and the second represents the position of those who support it. Those opposed to the industrial policy are the neoliberals in the United States of America who stress the role of the market in achieving development and point to the negative effects of industrial policy, while in favor of industrial policy book theoreticians Many economists because of the existence of globalization and the WTO rules and the changing nature of the global economy and that creates difficulties and impediments to developing countries and weaken the influence of industrial policy. Through analysis and discussion of the various propositions and evidence, the research ends with recommending the use of a carefully formulated industrial policy as a means to achieve economic development in developing countries and overcome the negative effects on them. With the call to adjust the policies and rules of the World Trade Organization and the global economic system in line with the need of developing countries for the development of industrialization and promoting economic development.\"