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For several decades, understanding ageing and the processes that limit lifespan have challenged biologists. Thirty years ago, the biology of ageing gained unprecedented scientific credibility through the identification of gene variants that extend the lifespan of multicellular model organisms. Here we summarize the milestones that mark this scientific triumph, discuss different ageing pathways and processes, and suggest that ageing research is entering a new era that has unique medical, commercial and societal implications. We argue that this era marks an inflection point, not only in ageing research but also for all biological research that affects the human healthspan. The milestones that mark the advances in ageing research, the medical, commercial and societal implications of ageing and the different ageing pathways and processes that are associated with ageing are discussed.

The Dog Aging Project is a long-term longitudinal study of ageing in tens of thousands of companion dogs. The domestic dog is among the most variable mammal species in terms of morphology, behaviour, risk of age-related disease and life expectancy. Given that dogs share the human environment and have a sophisticated healthcare system but are much shorter-lived than people, they offer a unique opportunity to identify the genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors associated with healthy lifespan. To take advantage of this opportunity, the Dog Aging Project will collect extensive survey data, environmental information, electronic veterinary medical records, genome-wide sequence information, clinicopathology and molecular phenotypes derived from blood cells, plasma and faecal samples. Here, we describe the specific goals and design of the Dog Aging Project and discuss the potential for this open-data, community science study to greatly enhance understanding of ageing in a genetically variable, socially relevant species living in a complex environment. The Dog Aging Project is an open-data, community science study to identify genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors associated with canine healthy lifespan, generating knowledge that could readily translate to human ageing.

Skin aging, autonomic mobility, memory function and physical deterioration are important features of aging, and effective anti-aging treatments are important in slowing down these processes. The objective of this research was to evaluate the protective effect of Colla Corii Asini (Ejiao) Collagen Peptides (CCACPs) on D-galactose (D-gal) injection combined with UV irradiation-induced senescence in mice. BY-HEALTH collagen oral solution (Bcos) was used as a positive control. Behavioural experiments showed that CCACPs significantly improved voluntary activity, learning memory and exercise endurance in aging mice. Elisa results showed that CCACPs reduced the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-3 in the skin, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and azelaic aminotransferase (AST) in the liver of mice, while increasing the levels of collagen I in the skin and SOD in the brain. RT-qPCR revealed that CCACPs reduced the expression of p16, p19 and p21 genes in the liver and hippocampus, as well as the expression of IL-6 in the skin. Histological analysis of brain hippocampus, liver and skin confirmed the protective effects of CCACPs. The findings indicated that CCACPs may potentially slow the aging effects caused by D-galactose and UVB exposure in mice by reducing cellular senescence and oxidative stress levels. The results of this research provide the scientific basis for continuing to advance the extraction of collagen peptides from Colla Corii Asini as a potential anti-aging therapy.

In the last years, the landscape of anti-aging cosmetics has been marked by significant advances in cosmeceutical delivery systems. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of these technological innovations, with a focus on anti-aging effects, from 2018 to 2023. The methodology included a thorough search on PubMed and through gray literature, applying rigorous exclusion criteria. The descriptors were selected based on the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). A total of 265 articles were found. Exclusion criteria were applied, and 90 of them were selected for full reading. After reading the full 90 articles, 52 were excluded, leaving 38 articles for final evaluation composing this review. The key findings highlighted a clear prevalence of studies exploring nanotechnology, including nanoparticles, niosomes, and liposomes. Most of the formulations analyzed in this review emphasize antioxidant activities, which play a crucial role in preventing premature aging caused by free radicals. The reviewed studies revealed specific activities, such as the reduction in melanin synthesis, the inhibition of enzymes involved in the skin aging process, and the prevention of morphological changes typical of aging.

With the advancement of biotechnology in the marine industry, an increasing utilization of marine ingredients in skincare products has been observed in recent years. Encapsulating Artemia franciscana extract and its derivatives in a novel phospholipid vesicle called hyalurosome presents innovative strategies for drug delivery systems and anti-aging products. In this study, we developed nano hyalurosomes containing Artemia franciscana active components. Partially purification of proteins in the Artemia franciscana extract was performed using ion exchange chromatography, specifically targeting Hsp40 and Artemin. The physicochemical properties of the hyalurosomes were characterized, revealing nanoparticle sizes ranging from 100 to 130 nm, zeta potential between − 57 and − 41.2 mV. The biological compatibility of the fabricated hyalurosomes was tested in vitro on mice fibroblast cells. Results indicated that formulations containing hyalurosomes exhibited no cytotoxicity. In-vivo studies employing H&E and Mason’s trichrome staining demonstrated an increase in the dermal layer of the skin on male mice and collagen production following treatment with different formulations containing hyalurosomes. Therefore, these formulations are considered promising candidates for anti-aging effects. Stability study at 4 °C for 60 days validated by FE-SEM imaging. In conclusion, hyalurosomes fabricated with Artemia franciscana extract and its diverse active molecules successfully achieved enhanced loading and penetration into the deeper layers of the skin, and it can be a suitable candidate for the treatment of skin aging and rejuvenation.

Owing to the great demand for healthy ageing promotion, and the anti-ageing reputation of anthocyanins and amino acids, we aimed to assess the effect of anthocyanin- and anti-ageing amino acids-enriched pigmented rice innovation on age-related cognitive decline, facial wrinkles, and a cardiovascular risk, and explored its mechanisms and safety. A total of 90 male and female volunteers (45–65 years old) participated in a 3-arm randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled parallel study for 12 weeks. They were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: placebo, “Zuper rice” (Zup) 2 g/day and “Zuper Rice” 4 g/day. Cognition, facial wrinkles, atherogenic index in plasma (AIP), telomere length, telomerase, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, together with safety parameters, were assessed every 6 weeks until the end of the study and compared to the baseline data. A high dose of “Zup” improved cognition, facial wrinkles, AIP and oxidative stress, while a low dose of “Zup” improved cognition, telomere length, telomerase and inflammation. No toxicity signs were observed. Therefore, “Zup” is a potential healthy ageing promotion innovation which improves telomere length, telomerase activity and inflammation at a low dose, resulting in an improvement in cognitive decline and the suppression of oxidative stress. At a high dose, it gives rise to improvements in cognition, facial wrinkles and cardiovascular risk.

Neurodegenerative diseases represent a heterogeneous group of disorders that share common features like abnormal protein aggregation, perturbed Ca2+ homeostasis, excitotoxicity, impairment of mitochondrial functions, apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Despite recent advances in the research of biomarkers, early diagnosis, and pharmacotherapy, there are no treatments that can halt the progression of these age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that long-term intake of a Mediterranean diet, characterized by a high consumption of extra virgin olive oil, correlates with better cognition in aged populations. Olive oil phenolic compounds have been demonstrated to have different biological activities like antioxidant, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Oleocanthal, a phenolic component of extra virgin olive oil, is getting more and more scientific attention due to its interesting biological activities. The aim of this research was to characterize the neuroprotective effects of oleocanthal against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, protein expression profiling, combined with pathways analyses, was used to investigate the molecular events related to the protective effects. Oleocanthal was demonstrated to counteract oxidative stress, increasing cell viability, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and increasing reduced glutathione (GSH) intracellular level. Proteomic analysis revealed that oleocanthal significantly modulates 19 proteins in the presence of H2O2. In particular, oleocanthal up-regulated proteins related to the proteasome, the chaperone heat shock protein 90, the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase, and the antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin 1. Moreover, oleocanthal protection seems to be mediated by Akt activation. These data offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms behind oleocanthal protection against oxidative stress.

Cellular senescence is a fundamental characteristic of aging, marked by permanent cell cycle cessation and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Although senescence plays advantageous roles in tissue regeneration and tumor suppression, its accumulation leads to aging-related illnesses and functional deterioration. This review examines the processes of cellular senescence, its effects on aging and age-related disorders, and emerging therapeutic strategies to modulate senescence for promoting healthy aging. A thorough literature review was performed using peer-reviewed studies on cellular senescence, its molecular pathways, and therapeutic interventions. Emphasis was placed on senolytics, senomorphics, and lifestyle interventions that modulate senescence-associated pathways. Studies published in Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed between 2014-2025 were selected. Recent discoveries underscore the dual function of cellular senescence in aging and pathology. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) fosters chronic inflammation and tissue dysfunction, connecting senescence to age-related diseases including cardiovascular conditions, dementia, and metabolic disorders. Therapeutic strategies, including senolytics (drugs that specifically eradicate senescent cells) and senomorphics (compounds that suppress SASP without killing cells), show promise in preclinical and clinical studies. Notably, dosing interals (intermittent vs continuous) influence both therapeutic efficacy and adverse events such as thrombocytopenia. Additionally, the state and limitations of clinical validation of aging biomarkers (eg, p16^INK4a, β-galactosidase) remain major hurdles for translation. Lifestyle interventions such as calorie restriction and exercise have also been identified as natural modulators of senescence pathways. Targeting cellular senescence offers a promising avenue for promoting healthy aging and mitigating age-linked diseases. Continued research into senescence-modulating interventions may lead to novel therapeutics designed to prolong healthspan and lifespan.

Ageing is an inevitable biological process accompanied by various physiological changes, and researchers have long sought interventions to promote healthy ageing. This article explores the effects of four natural compounds – omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, gingerol and curcumin – on the ageing process. We delve into the scientific literature to examine the potential benefits and mechanisms behind these substances in mitigating age-related conditions. Omega-3’s anti-inflammatory properties, coenzyme Q10’s cellular energy support, gingerol’s antioxidant effects and curcumin’s anti-ageing properties are discussed. By shedding light on the impact of these compounds, this review aims to contribute to a better understanding of how natural substances may play a role in promoting longevity and enhancing the quality of life during the ageing journey.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally produced organic molecule which acts as an antioxidant agent, including in skin anti-ageing, and plays a major role in the social determinants of health. However, its level in the body will decrease during ageing. Therefore, an external supplement is required to repair damaged skin, especially the skin dermis layer. This study aims to evaluate the use of a protransfersomal emulgel to improve the skin delivery and stability of CoQ10 which demonstrates low water solubility, poor permeability and instability. CoQ10 was initially dissolved in oleic acid at a weight ratio of 1:56. Protransfersome was then loaded with CoQ10 (Protransf-CoQ10) and prepared using a composition of L-α-Phosphatidylcholine and Tween 80 at a molar ratio of 85:15. The Protransf-CoQ10 was dispersed in an emulgel base consisting of Tween 80 and Span 80 to produce Protransf-CoQ10 emulgel. The in vivo studies of anti-aging activity and irritability were further evaluated by applying daily 200 mg of emulgels twice a day to a 4 cm 2 section on the back of a UV-ray aging-induced male Balb/c mouse 20 min before irradiation. The results showed that Protransf-CoQ10 could transform into transfersomal vesicles with particle sizes of approximately 201.5 ± 6.1 nm and a zeta potential of − 11.26 ± 5.14 mV. The dispersion of Protransf-CoQ10 into emulgel base resulted in stable Protransf-CoQ10 Emulgel during 28 days of observation at low temperatures. Moreover, the in vivo study revealed that Protransf-CoQ10 Emulgel successfully increases the collagen density and number of fibroblast cells in UV radiation skin-aged induced-mice which reflects its potential for repairing the skin ageing process. In addition, the 24-h topical application of Protransf-CoQ10 Emulgel showed that no erythema or skin rash was observed during the study. In conclusion, loading CoQ10 into protransfersomal Emulgel successfully enhanced the stability and anti-ageing efficacy enabling its potential use as anti-ageing cosmetics.