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The Making of the Arab Intellectual
In the wake of the Ottoman Empire's nineteenth-century reforms, as guilds waned and new professions emerged, the scholarly 'estate' underwent social differentiation. Some found employment in the state's new institutions as translators, teachers and editors, whilst others resisted civil servant status. Gradually, the scholar morphed into the public writer. Despite his fledgling status, he catered for the public interest all the more so since new professionals such as doctors, engineers and lawyers endorsed this latest social role as an integral part of their own self-image.
This dual preoccupation with self-definition and all things public is the central concern of this book. Focusing on the period after the tax-farming scholar took the bow and before the alienated intellectual prevailed on the contemporary Arab cultural scene, it situates the making of the Arab intellectual within the dysfunctional space of competing states' interests known as the 'Nahda'. Located between Empire and Colony, the emerging Arab public sphere was a space of over- and under-regulation, hindering accountability and upsetting allegiances.
The communities that Arab intellectuals imagined, including the Pan-Islamic, Pan-Arab and socialist sat astride many a polity and never became contained by post-colonial states. Examining a range of canonical and less canonical authors, this interdisciplinary approach to The Making of the Modern Arab Intellectual will be of interest to students and scholars of the Middle East, history, political science, comparative literature and philosophy.
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The Arab Nahdah
To understand today's Arab thinking, you need to go back to the beginnings of modernity: the nahdah or Arab renaissance of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Abdulrazzak Patel enhances our understanding of the nahdah and its intellectuals, looking back to its origins in the 1700s and taking into account important internal factors alongside external forces. He explores the key factors that contributed to the rise and development of the nahdah, he introduces the humanist movement of the period that was the driving force behind much of the linguistic, literary and educational activity. Drawing on intellectual history, literary history and postcolonial studies, he argues that the nahdah was the product of native development and foreign assistance and that nahdah reformist thought was hybrid in nature. Overall, this study highlights the complexity of the movement and offers a more pluralist history of the period.
eBook
Contemporary Arab thought : studies in post-1967 Arab intellectual history
Contemporary Arab Thought is a complex term, encompassing a constellation of social, political, religious and ideological ideas that have evolved over the past two hundred years - ideas that represent the leading positions of the social classes in modern and contemporary Arab societies.Distinguished Islamic scholar Ibrahim Abu-Rabi' addresses such questions as the Shari'ah, human rights, civil society, secularism and globalization. This is complimented by a focused discussion on the writings of key Arab thinkers who represent established trends of thought in the Arab world, including Muhammad 'Abid al-Jabiri, Adallah Laroui, Muhammad al-Ghazali, Rashid al-Ghannoushi, Qutatnine Zurayk, Mahdi 'Amil and many others.Before 1967, some Arab countries launched hopeful programmes of modernisation. After the 1967 defeat with Israel, many of these hopes were dashed. This book retraces the Arab world's aborted modernity of recent decades. Abu-Rabi' explores the development of contemporary Arab thought against the historical background of the rise of modern Islamism, and the impact of the West on the modern Arab world.
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The politics of Arab authenticity : challenges to postcolonial thought
\"It is a remarkable yet oft-forgotten fact that the beginning of the 1970s marked the birth of a new age of Arab thought. This age is characterized by a preoccupation with the question of cultural heritage and intellectual inheritance in the fields of Islamic law, medieval philosophy, religious ethics, and classic literature. No event marked the beginning of this era as powerfully as the shattering defeat in the Arab-Israeli war of 1967. Vanquished Arab people emerged disenchanted with revolutionary Arab regimes (1950s-1960s) that sought to decolonize and reinvent anew the Arab subject but ended up amplifying its sense of cultural alienation. To alleviate this feeling of social estrangement, a significant swath of Arab intellectuals engaged a long-forgotten cultural heritage. This engagement pointed to a widespread dissatisfaction with the postcolonial condition, which had promised to overcome colonial modernity with a new vision of Arab modernity, erasing its past. Arab intellectuals began to ask how a society could do away with its cultural heritage and still retain its sense of authenticity and orientation, seeing the dark side of colonial modernity, which for long was heralded as a transformative catalyst for progress. This book addresses a set of key questions: What is cultural heritage (turāth) and why was there a marked intellectual shift toward it in the Arabic-speaking world? What solutions does this shift offer to a host of postcolonial problems, and why did it become so controversial? After the 1967 defeat a culture war ensued, pitting so-called \"social critics,\" who espoused Western theories to modernize Arab society and bring about social and cultural change, against \"connected critics,\" who insisted that without connection to their cultural heritage Arab subjects had lost an essential component of their identity and authenticity. Fueled by anxiety over political abuses and social and economic injustices, the culture war took over the entire intellectual conversation in the Middle East, giving shape to new literary aesthetics, new cultural institutions, and an entirely new literary canon and generating a new intellectual habitus that disrupted many of the previously dominant sensibilities in the Arab world and that persists to this day. By bringing these long-forgotten and invisible debates to the fore, Age of Authenticity presents the first full-fledged history of the Arab quest for self-determination and cultural authenticity\"-- Provided by publisher.
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Critique of religious thought
Sadik al-Azm's Critique of Religious Thought set off one of the the great Arab intellectual uproars of the twentieth century, leading to the author's imprisonment and trial for mocking religion and inciting sectarian conflict. As in his earlier Self-Criticism after the Defeat, al-Azm takes on the taboos of the age and their sponsors: the religious elites. In this book he attempts to awaken the Arab mind from its dogmatic slumber, leading it out of the Middle Ages and into a modern world characterized by science and rationality. Critique of Religious Thought is one of the most controversial and influential books about the role of religion in Arab politics. This is the authorised translation of Sadik Al-Azm's work, Naqd al-fikr ad-dini, originally published in Arabic in 1969.
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Critique of religious thought
\"Sadik al-Azm's Critique of Religious Thought set off one of the the great Arab intellectual uproars of the twentieth century, leading to the author's imprisonment and trial for mocking religion and inciting sectarian conflict. As in his earlier Self-Criticism after the Defeat, al-Azm takes on the taboos of the age and their sponsors: the religious elites. In this book, he attempts to awaken the Arab mind from [what he believes is] its dogmatic slumber, leading it out of the Middle Ages and into a modern world characterized by science and rationality\"--Amazon.com.
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من هنا يبدا التغيير
يناقش هذا الكتاب معضلة الأزمة التي تعانيها الثقافة والهوية العربيتان، ويبحث عن الحلول لها، ويتطرق إلى التأثيرات السلبية التي أفرزتها الأحداث والحروب التي عصفت بالعالم العربي، وجعلت الفكر العربي قاصراً وعاجزاً أمام تحديات الديموقراطية والتغيير. ويشرح تركي الحمد أسباب تقهقر السياسة العربية، ويرى أن العرب بحاجة إلى خطاب وثقافة جديدين متحررين من قيد لغة \"خشبية\"، حتى يسهموا في صناعة الثقافة البشرية الشاملة الآخذة في التكوّن في عصر العولمة، لا أن يظلوا \"شهود زور\" لا يرون ولا يفقهون شيئاً مما يدور حولهم.
eBook