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The Socialist Car
Across the Soviet Bloc, from the 1960s until the collapse of communism, the automobile exemplified the tension between the ideological imperatives of political authorities and the aspirations of ordinary citizens. For the latter, the automobile was the ticket to personal freedom and a piece of the imagined consumer paradise of the West. For the authorities, the personal car was a private, mobile space that challenged the most basic assumptions of the collectivity. The \"socialist car\"-and the car culture that built up around it-was the result of an always unstable compromise between official ideology, available resources, and the desires of an increasingly restless citizenry. InThe Socialist Car, eleven scholars from Europe and North America explore in vivid detail the interface between the motorcar and the state socialist countries of Eastern Europe, including the USSR.
In addition to the metal, glass, upholstery, and plastic from which the Ladas, Dacias, Trabants, and other still extant but aging models were fabricated, the socialist car embodied East Europeans' longings and compromises, hopes and disappointments. The socialist car represented both aspirations of overcoming the technological gap between the capitalist first and socialist second worlds and dreams of enhancing personal mobility and status. Certain features of automobility-shortages and privileges, waiting lists and lack of readily available credit, the inadequacy of streets and highways-prevailed across the Soviet Bloc. In this collective history, the authors put aside both ridicule and nostalgia in the interest of trying to understand the socialist car in its own context.
Contributors: Elke Beyer, Swiss Institute of Technology; Valentina Fava, Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies and University of Helsinki; Luminita Gatejel, European University Institute, Florence; Mariusz Jastrzab, Kozminski University; Corinna Kuhr-Korolev, University of Bochum; Brigitte Le Normand, Indiana University Southeast; Esther Meier, University of the Federal Armed Forces, Hamburg; Kurt Möser, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; György Péteri, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Eli Rubin, Western Michigan University; Lewis H. Siegelbaum, Michigan State University
eBook
The last driver's license holder has already been born : how rapid advances in automotive technology will disrupt life as we know it and why this is a good thing
\"How the radical disruption of the auto industry affects you-and how you can prepare for the soon-to-be \"new normal\" The combined effect of autonomous driving, electric vehicles, and the sharing economy is on the verge of changing the auto industry-all within the next decade. And this tech/economics revolution will touch virtually every industry. What exactly will change? Jobs: Demand for commercial vehicle drivers, car dealers, mechanics, doctors, and many other professions will shrink Laws: Manually driving cars will be forbidden-and car ownership will be almost nonexistent Housing: Prices will drop and cities and towns will be planned differently Healthcare: Infrastructure will shrink as traffic accidents dramatically decline Global trade: China will become the world's biggest automotive exporter The Last Driver License Holder Has Already Been Born provides the information and insight you need to position your company for these groundbreaking changes. It reveals the disruptive technologies now taking shape and provides a timeline of when they will take hold. It examines the impact on the industry itself, as well as adjacent sectors, including jobs and professions, city and street design, hospitals, insurances, politics, security, hospitality industry, the oil industry, real estate, and society at large. And it provides the knowledge and insight you need to keep yourself and your organization ahead of the curve-and in front of the competition\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate waste into ammonia: a review
The electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate waste into ammonia allows both the removal of nitrate contaminants and an alternative production of ammonia compared to the classical Haber–Bosch industrial process. Ammonia is useful in agriculture for manufacturing fertilizers, and as a reagent in pharmaceuticals, metallurgy, explosives, and the textile industry; ammonia is also an energy carrier in the automobile industry for next-generation fuel cells. Here we review the nitrate-to-ammonia conversion by electrocatalysis of industrial and agricultural waste, with focus on catalysts, reaction intermediates, side reactions, and reaction conditions. Electron transfer is facilitated by electrocatalysts with transition metals having occupied d-orbitals with similar energy levels to that of the nitrate lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. Green electro-conversion using carbon-based materials is also discussed. Results show nitrate conversion from 53 to 99.8% and ammonia selectivity from 70 to 97.4%.
Journal Article
Breaking from Taylorism : changing forms of work in the automobile industry
The authors examine the restructuring of the world automobile industry in the 1980s, and draw data from an in-depth empirical study of three leading car companies in three different countries: the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany.
Book
Listening to Workers
Historians and readers alike often overlook the everyday experiences of workers. Drawing on years of interviews and archival research, Daniel J. Clark presents the rich, interesting, and sometimes confounding lives of men and women who worked in Detroit-area automotive plants in the 1950s.
In their own words, the interviewees frankly discuss personal matters like divorce and poverty alongside recollections of childhood and first jobs, marriage and working women, church and hobbies, and support systems and workplace dangers. Their frequent struggles with unstable jobs and economic insecurity upend notions of the 1950s as a golden age of prosperity while stories of domestic violence and infidelity open a door to intimate aspects of their lives. Taken together, the narratives offer seldom-seen accounts of autoworkers as complex and multidimensional human beings.
Compelling and surprising, Listening to Workers foregoes the union-focused strain of labor history to provide ground-level snapshots of a blue-collar world.
eBook
Reshaping the North American Automobile Industry
This work examines the responses of unions and workers to regional integration and restructuring in the automobile industry in North and Central America. The focus is on the automobile industry in Mexico, which, because of its size and importance, is viewed as a strategic sector of the Mexican economy and was the focal point of talks between the US, Canada and Mexico during negotiations on NAFTA. Focusing on the period from 1980, John P. Tuman examines the changes implemented by firms to promote export production, he explores reasons for the variation in labour responses to restructuring, and he discusses the prospects for cross-border organizing and co-operation among automobile workers in Canada, the US and Mexico.
eBook
When Good Jobs Go Bad
From Chinese factories making cheap toys for export, to sweatshops in Bangladesh where name-brand garments are sewn-studies on the impact of globalization on workers have tended to focus on the worst jobs and the worst conditions. But inWhen Good Jobs Go Bad, Jeffrey Rothstein looks at the impact of globalization on a major industry-the North American auto industry-to reveal that globalization has had a deleterious effect on even the most valued of blue-collar jobs.
Rothstein argues that the consolidation of the Mexican and U.S.-Canadian auto industries, the expanding number of foreign automakers in North America, and the spread of lean production have all undermined organized labor and harmed workers. Focusing on three General Motors plants assembling SUVs-an older plant in Janesville, Wisconsin; a newer and more viable plant in Arlington, Texas; and a \"greenfield site\" (a brand-new, state-of-the-art facility) in Silao, Mexico-When Good Jobs Go Badshows how global competition has made nonstop, monotonous, standardized routines crucial for the survival of a plant, and it explains why workers and their local unions struggle to resist. For instance, in the United States, General Motors forced workers to accept intensified labor by threatening to close plants, which led local unions to adopt \"keep the plant open\" as their main goal. At its new factory in Silao, GM had hand-picked the union-one opposed to strikes and committed to labor-management cooperation-before it hired the first worker.
Rothstein's engaging comparative analysis, which incorporates the viewpoints of workers, union officials, and management, sheds new light on labor's loss of bargaining power in recent decades, and highlights the negative impact of globalization on all jobs, both good and bad, from the sweatshop to the assembly line.
eBook