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Barium alumino-borosilicate glasses of composition: xAl2O3-(50-x)BaO-7.5B2O3-42.5SiO2 (x = 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 14.5 mol%) and one glass of composition: 7.5Al2O3-40BaO-7.5B2O3-45SiO2 were prepared by melt quenching. B-O and Al-O coordination were determined by 11B and 27Al Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. The structure of glasses consists of AlO4, AlO5, BO3 and BO4 units. The hardness of glasses was measured by Vicker’s indentation and the longitudinal and transverse acoustic velocities by Brillouin scattering studies. The glass transition temperature increases from 643 °C to 706 ± 1 °C, density decreases from 4.107 to 3.642 ± 0.005 g·cm−3 and refractive index decreases from 1.58 to 1.55 ± 0.01 with an increase in Al2O3 concentration. Glasses have hardness in the range of 5.44–6.30 ± 0.01 GPa and Young’s modulus of: 78.42 to 84.60 ± 0.01 GPa. The enhancement of hardness and elastic moduli with increase in Al2O3 concentration in borosilicate network correlates directly with an increase in the glass transition temperature.

Based on the 20Na 2 O-50B 2 O 3 -(30-x)SiO 2 -xMoO 3 (where x = 5, 10, 15 and 20 mol%) empirical formula, a series of borosilicate glasses were synthesized via the melt quenching technique. The mechanical properties were calculated theoretically based on the Makishima–Mackenzie model, including elastic modulus, packing density, hardness, and Poisson ratio. The physical properties included packing density, density, mean atomic volume, and ratio of packing density/mean atomic volume. The radiation shielding properties for the prepared glasses were theoretically calculated using Phy-X and WinXcom software. The addition of MoO 3 led to a change in sample color and a rise in sample density from 2.601 to 2.997 g/cm 3 . The glass compactness showed a reduction according to molar volume and packing density values. The results generated by Phy-X and XCOM were closely matched, and we found that the squared correlation coefficient (R 2 ) is almost 1. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) results demonstrated an increase in the radiation shielding performance with the addition of MoO 3 . At 0.284 and 0.662 MeV, the LACs for the glass with 20 mol% of MoO 3 are 21% and 15% higher than that of the glass with 5 mol% MoO 3 , which confirms that MoO 3 significantly affects LAC values, particularly in the low and intermediate energy levels. The average half value layer ( HVL ¯ ) for the prepared borosilicate glasses for the energies emitted from 137 Cs and 22 Na is reported. The obtained HVL ¯ showed that the thickness of the glasses required to absorb the gamma ray decreases as the density of the glasses changes. The effective atomic number of the glasses increases with the addition of MoO 3 , confirming that the enhancement of radiation shielding features in the glasses is directly correlated with the amount of MoO 3 incorporated.

Borate-doped silicate glasses with chemical compositions of (70 −  x )SiO 2 – x B 2 O 3 –30CaO ( x  = 0, 5, 15, and 25, in mol%) were synthesized using the sol–gel method, intended to be used in tissue regeneration. The effects of borate content on the glass surface morphology, chemical structure, ion dissolution behavior, and fibroblast compatibility were investigated. 11 B magic angle spinning-solid state nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectra demonstrated that borate, in the glasses, possessed both three- and four-coordinated structures. From nitrogen sorption, the specific surface area of the glasses decreased with increased borate content and calcination temperature, from 600 °C to 700 °C. In the case of glasses undergoing calcination at 700 °C, silicate and calcium ion released in a Tris–HCl buffer solution (pH = 7.4) at the early stage of the immersion test decreased as borate content increased. The decrease in surface area caused by stabilizing at 700 °C due to the effect of increasing borate concentration controlled the ion dissolution behavior of the glasses. The proliferation ability of fibroblasts cultured with the dissolution products of the glasses were improved as borate content increased in the glass composition. Graphical Abstract Borosilicate bioactive glasses were developed using a sol–gel method and effects of borate content on the glass surface morphology, chemical structure, ion dissolution behavior, and fibroblast compatibility were investigated. We found that four-coordinated units of borate were formed, the specific surface area of the glasses decreased with increased borate content and calcination temperature, and silicate and calcium ion release in a buffer solution was controlled by borate-doping. Highlights Borate-doped silicate glasses were synthesized using the sol–gel method. The SSA of the glasses decreased with increased borate content and calcination temperature. Silicate and calcium ion release in a buffer solution was controlled by borate-doping. The proliferation ability of fibroblasts was improved after treated with borate-doped glasses.

In this study, we described the mechanical, thermal, and radiation shielding properties of glass systems prepared of MoO 3 - Na 2 O- ZnO—B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 with various compositions. The composition of the glasses are x MoO 3 -( 30 - x ) Na 2 O- 5ZnO—43.5B 2 O 3 —21.5SiO 2 with (0 ≤ x ≤ 10) mol%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) has verified that these glasses are amorphous. By substituting the heavier MoO 3 with Na 2 O molecule, the higher MoO 3 content increased the density of the glasses while decreasing the molar volume. It is noted that the longitudinal ( V L ) increased from 4780 m/s to 4985 m/s and the shear ( V T ) increased from 2685 m/s to 2895 m/s from the free-MoO 3 sample to the greatest content of MoO 3 . Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was used to study thermal analysis. Overall, DTA investigation showed that all glasses had high thermal stability. The Phy-X/PSD application is used to study the shielding behaviour. According to the overall trends of the estimated mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), and linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), values across all glasses, they are inversely related to photon energy. According to the study, the manufactured glass system can be used for radiation protection against ionizing radiation in a number of technical and medical applications.

In this study, terbium-doped ZnO-SiO2-B2O3-Na2O glasses were fabricated with the conventional melt-quenching method. The effect of altering the concentration of the host matrix on luminescence performance was investigated in terms of different ZnO/B2O3 and ZnO/SiO2 ratios. FT-IR results indicate that bridging oxygens (Bos) were converted to non-bridging oxygens (NBOs) with increments of ZnO. Furthermore, the emission intensity and luminescence lifetime of samples were influenced by the amount of ZnO; this was proven with photoluminescence spectra results. The maximum emission intensity was observed at a 1.1 ZnO/B2O3 ratio and a 0.8 ZnO/SiO2 ratio; however, the highest luminescence lifetime was observed at a 1.1 ZnO/SiO2 ratio. The emission intensity and luminescence lifetime of glass samples were improved by heat treatment as a result of the formation of willemite and zinc oxide phases. An increase in the ZnO/SiO2 ratio facilitated the formation of willemite and zinc oxide phases; therefore, crystallinity was directly related to the luminescence behavior of glass samples.

The composition of the pentagonal glass system, which is composed of 57B 2 O 3 -16SiO 2 -11BeO- ( 16-x ) MgO- x La 2 O 3 , x  = (0 ≤ x ≤ 16 mol %), has been synthesized by the melt quench process. XRD diffractograms' wide haloes testified to the materials' amorphous state. It was discovered that, density increased in response to La 2 O 3 concentration, whereas molar volume decreased. Additionally, the ranges of longitudinal and shear velocities are 4730 to 5085 m/s and 2685–2895 m/s, respectively. The elastic moduli for longitudinal range between 71.9–154.3 GPa, shear range between 23.2–50 GPa, bulk range between 23.2–50 GPa, and Young’s range between 58.5–126 GPa, respectively. The study employed Phy-X/PSD code to examine the radiation attenuation behaviour of magnesium beryllia-borosilicate, also known as (BMBSLa) glasses, at varying concentrations of La 2 O 3 . We examined the relationship among the half value layer (HVL) and density. HVL values at a density of 3.213 g/cm 3 range from 0.0087 to 11.746 cm and at density of 5.967 g/cm 3 range from 0.02 to 5.727 cm at (0.015–15 MeV). Tenth value layer (TVL) and mean free path (MFP) are evaluation and comparison between HVL, TVL and MFP for the same glass at specific energy were also conducted. The glass samples under investigation are excellent candidates for usage in the field of shielding radiation because they are more transparent.

This study aimed to investigate the physical, optical, dielectric properties as well as gamma-ray shielding capacity of borosilicate glass samples with chemical formula 70B 2 O 3 –5SiO 2 –10Li 2 O–5Bi 2 O 3 –10ZnO–XEr 2 O 3 with X = 0.0 (Er-0.0) to 1.2 (Er-1.2) mol% which prepared by the melt quenching technique method. Densities (D s ) of Er-X samples increased from 2.95 to 3.12 g/cm 3 , whereas the molar volume (V m ) declined from 30.68 to 30.50 cm 3 /mol as Er 2 O 3 content increased from 0.0 to 1.2 mol%. The oxygen packing density (OPD) enhanced from 89.64 to 90.33 mol/l, whereas oxygen molar volume (OMV) decreased from 11.16 to 10.95 cm 3 /mol. The optical band gap decreased from 3.36 to 2.90 eV for direct transition, while decreased from 2.96 to 2.50 eV for indirect transition. Urbach energy (ΔE u ) was enhanced from 0.17 to 0.56 eV. The refractive index (n) was increased from 2.40 to 2.54. The dielectric constant regularly rises with increasing Er 2 O 3 content in the glass networks. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) followed the trend as (Er-1.2) MAC  > (Er-0.9) MAC  > (Er-0.6) MAC  > (Er-0.3) MAC  > (Er-0.0) MAC . The Er-1.2 sample possessed the lowest values of half value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP). Results showed that suggested Er-X glasses, can be used in optical and radiation shielding applications.

Research and development in the field of glass-based laser additive manufacturing continues to receive significant interest within scientific and industrial contexts. In particular, powder bed fusion by laser radiation (PBF-LB) enables the additive manufacturing of porous and vitrified, complex three-dimensional components. The present study investigates the glass morphology that can be achieved using PBF-LB for components made from alkali borosilicate glass. The investigations focus on the comprehensive analysis of the entire process window, including the characterisation of porous and molten glass morphology. In particular, the influence of different laser-beam diameters, which are achieved through defocusing, and the variation in volume energy density are examined in detail and compared with conventional shaping. It was determined that the process of mechanically stable shaping is constrained to temperatures above the softening temperature and relative component densities within the range of ρrel = 37.8…94.2%. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the process-related line-like energy input results in the formation of characteristic vitrification strands. This research contributes to the overall understanding of the producible glass morphology and the process limitations of the PBF-LB process. In addition, the entire range of glass morphologies, ranging from open-pored to closed-melt configurations, could be analysed for the first time.

This study examined the suitability of several glass compositions as a gamma-ray shielding substance. The compositions tested were of varying ZnO concentrations, specifically (60-x) B 2 O 3 —10Na 2 O—15SiO 2 —5Al 2 O 3 —(x + 10)ZnO (where X = 5, 10, 15 and 20 mol%). Measurements were performed at energy levels of 0.6642, 1.1776, and 1.3343 MeV radiated from Cs 137 and Co 60 point sources along with a scintillation detector [NaI(TL)]. We investigated the critical properties related to gamma radiation shielding, determining the effective atomic number (Z eff ), electron density (N el ), half-value layer (HVL), linear attenuation (μ) and mass attenuation (μ m ) coefficients, and mean free path (λ). Our results show that the glasses under examination get denser (from 2.12 to 2.77 g/cm3) as the Zn concentration rises from 15 to 35 mol %. In addition, all glass compositions provide adequate protection against gamma radiation at the specified energy levels. The values of µ went up from 0.157 to 0.214 cm −1 (0.6642 MeV), from 0.119 to 0.160 cm −1 (1.1776 MeV), and from 0.114 to 0.151 (1.3343 MeV). For samples B1 and B4, the observed HVL values dropped from 4.41, 5.84, and 6.12 cm to 3.21, 4.31, and 4.61 cm at 0.6642, 1.1736, and 1.3343 MeV, respectively. Among the materials tested, prepared glasses show higher shielding capacity compared to regularly used glass and concrete samples. The study highlights these glass compositions' potential as practical materials that can shield gamma radiation.

A series of chromium borosilicate glasses double doped with Na 2 O and ZnO are prepared by melt quenching technique. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) showed a uniform distribution of ZnO within the glass matrix. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy identified borate-oxygen defects while optical absorbance revealed that chromium Cr 2 O 3 is composed of Cr 6+ and Cr 3+ oxidation states. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) validated the presence of borate and chromium-related defects via O1s, B1s, and Cr peaks. The substitution of Na 2 O with ZnO as polarizable component, proved presence of Zn 2+ and Zn 4+ cations which enables ZnO to act as both roles of glass modifier and a former. The evaluated optical linear refractive index and extinction coefficient in the spectral range 400–2500 nm showed an increase in the refractive index which is attributed to zinc’s high polarizability and limited tendency for tetrahedral coordination. The optical energy gap is positively correlated with increasing ZnO content in mol.%. The impact of ZnO concentration on wavelength at zero material dispersion (λ WZMD ) was also calculated and compared to silicate and germinate glasses proved suitability of the studied glass for photonic applications particularly data transmission in the wavelength range 1.6024–1.8855 μm. Thermal parameters were calculated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to evaluate glass forming ability dependence on the introduced ZnO.