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Cu 2 O/CuO/CuS electrocatalyst was prepared by thermal oxidation of cleaned copper mesh in the air into Cu 2 O/CuO and CuS was deposited on oxide surface using facile successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method. The successive fabrication of the electrocatalyst was confirmed using XRD, SEM, Raman and XPS. The catalytic enhancement is believed to be associated with the reduction of copper sulfide. Together with copper oxides, they offer favorable adsorption sites for electrochemical CO 2 reduction. The synthesized catalyst offered significantly enhanced activity and selectivity performance for CO 2 reduction at lower overpotential. Remarkably, the faradaic efficiency for formate generation reaches 84% at the potential of − 0.7 V versus RHE. It has also provided a high partial current density of − 20 mA cm − 2 . Graphical Abstract

The demand for sustainable energy storage has driven advancements in supercapacitors, known for their high-power density and rapid charge cycles. However, challenges like limited energy density and material stability must be addressed for practical applications. In this study, VSe 2 /CuS nanocomposites were synthesized using a simple wet chemical method and investigated as electrode materials for supercapacitors. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the phase purity of the materials while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed spherical and flake-like morphology. The synergy between VSe 2 ’s high electrical conductivity and CuS’s pseudocapacitive properties enhances charge storage and electrochemical performance. The VSe 2 /CuS electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance of 853.9 F/g at 1 A/g, outperforming individual VSe 2 (395.6 F/g) and CuS (471.6 F/g). The VSe 2 /CuS||AC device demonstrated a specific capacitance of 147.6 F/g, excellent rate capability, and 88.3% capacitance retention over 10,000 cycles at 10 A/g. These findings highlight the potential of VSe 2 /CuS nanocomposites as high-performance electrode materials, advancing the development of next-generation energy storage technologies.

Metal sulfides have been intensively investigated for efficient sodium‐ion storage due to their high capacity. However, the mechanisms behind the reaction pathways and phase transformation are still unclear. Moreover, the effects of designed nanostructure on the electrochemical behaviors are rarely reported. Herein, a hydrangea‐like CuS microsphere is prepared via a facile synthetic method and displays significantly enhanced rate and cycle performance. Unlike the traditional intercalation and conversion reactions, an irreversible amorphization process is evidenced and elucidated with the help of in situ high‐resolution synchrotron radiation diffraction analyses, and transmission electron microscopy. The oriented (006) crystal plane growth of the primary CuS nanosheets provide more channels and adsorption sites for Na ions intercalation and the resultant low overpotential is beneficial for the amorphous Cu‐S cluster, which is consistent with the density functional theory calculation. This study can offer new insights into the correlation between the atomic‐scale phase transformation and macro‐scale nanostructure design and open a new principle for the electrode materials' design. A hydrangea‐like CuS microsphere with high geometrical symmetry and oriented (006) crystal plane growth is successfully constructed through a facile synthetic route. The oriented (006) crystal plane growth of the primary CuS nanosheets provide more channels and adsorption sites for Na ions intercalation, and the resultant low overpotential is beneficial for the amorphous Cu‐S cluster.

The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction reaction (CO2RR) is extensively regarded as a promising strategy to reach carbon neutralization. Copper sulfide (CuS) has been widely studied for its ability to produce C1 products with high selectivity. However, challenges still remain owing to the poor selectivity of formate. Here, a Bi/CeO2/CuS composite was synthesized using a simple solvothermal method. Bi/CeO2–decorated CuS possessed high formate selectivity, with the Faraday efficiency and current density reaching 88% and 17 mA cm−2, respectively, in an H-cell. The Bi/CeO2/CuS structure significantly reduces the energy barrier formed by OCHO*, resulting in the high activity and selectivity of the CO2 conversion to formate. Ce4+ readily undergoes reduction to Ce3+, allowing the formation of a conductive network of Ce4+/Ce3+. This network facilitates electron transfer, stabilizes the Cu+ species, and enhances the adsorption and activation of CO2. Furthermore, sulfur catalyzes the OCHO* transformation to formate. This work describes a highly efficient catalyst for CO2 to formate, which will aid in catalyst design for CO2RR to target products.

Herein, binary CuS/BTO and ternary CuS/Ag/BTO composite photocatalysts have been fabricated by anchoring CuS and Ag nanoparticles onto BaTiO 3 (BTO) polyhedra. The as-prepared composite photocatalysts were characterized by means of the techniques of transmission/scanning electron microscopy, x-ray powder diffraction, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Transient photocurrent and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements suggest that the ternary 5%CuS/(1%Ag/BTO) composite possesses the highest separation efficiency of electron/hole pairs. The photodegradation experiments were conducted by using simulated sunlight as the light source to decompose Rhodamine B in water solution. The 5%CuS/(1%Ag/BTO) and 5%CuS/BTO composites are demonstrated to have the highest and second highest photodegradation activity, respectively. As compared with that of bare BaTiO 3 and CuS, the photoactivity of 5%CuS/(1%Ag/BTO) is increased to 3.3 and 2.0 times, respectively. The electron/hole separation mechanism and the role of localized surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles in the dye photodegradaton were systematically investigated.

Herein, a coprecipitation method used to synthesize CuS nanostructures is reported. By varying the reaction time and temperature, the evolution of the CuS morphology between nanoparticles and nanoflakes was investigated. It was found that CuS easily crystallizes into sphere-/ellipsoid-like nanoparticles within a short reaction time (0.5 h) or at a high reaction temperature (120 °C), whereas CuS nanoflakes are readily formed at a low reaction temperature (20 °C) for a long time (12 h). Photodegradation experiments demonstrate that CuS nanoflakes exhibit a higher photodegradation performance than CuS nanoparticles for removing rhodamine B (RhB) from aqueous solution under simulated sunlight irradiation. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were further used to modify the photodegradation performance of a CuS photocatalyst. To achieve this aim, CNTs and CuS were integrated to form CNT/CuS hybrid composites via an in situ coprecipitation method. In the in situ constructed CNT/CuS composites, CuS is preferably formed as nanoparticles, but cannot be crystallized into nanoflakes. Compared to bare CuS, the CNT/CuS composites manifest an obviously enhanced photodegradation of RhB; notably, the 3% CNT/CuS composite with CNT content of 3% showed the highest photodegradation performance (η = 89.4% for 120 min reaction, kapp = 0.01782 min−1). To make a comparison, CuS nanoflakes and CNTs were mechanically mixed in absolute alcohol and then dried to obtain the 3% CNT/CuS-MD composite. It was observed that the 3% CNT/CuS-MD composite exhibited a slightly higher photodegradation performance (η = 92.4%, kapp = 0.0208 min−1) than the 3% CNT/CuS composite, which may be attributed to the fact that CuS maintains the morphology of nanoflakes in the 3% CNT/CuS-MD composite. The underlying enhanced photocatalytic mechanism of the CNT/CuS composites was systematically investigated and discussed.

Copper sulfide (CuS) thin films were deposited on a glass substrate at room temperature using the radio-frequency (RF) magnetron-sputtering method at RF powers in the range of 40–100 W, and the structural and optical properties of the CuS thin film were investigated. The CuS thin films fabricated at varying deposition powers all exhibited hexagonal crystalline structures and preferred growth orientation of the (110) plane. Raman spectra revealed a primary sharp and intense peak at the 474 cm−1 frequency, and a relatively wide peak was found at 265 cm−1 frequency. In the CuS thin film deposited at an RF power of 40 W, relatively small dense particles with small void spacing formed a smooth thin-film surface. As the power increased, it was observed that grain size and grain-boundary spacing increased in order. The binding energy peaks of Cu 2p3/2 and Cu 2p1/2 were observed at 932.1 and 952.0 eV, respectively. Regardless of deposition power, the difference in the Cu2+ state binding energies for all the CuS thin films was equivalent at 19.9 eV. We observed the binding energy peaks of S 2p3/2 and S 2p1/2 corresponding to the S2− state at 162.2 and 163.2 eV, respectively. The transmittance and band-gap energy in the visible spectral range showed decreasing trends as deposition power increased. For the CuS/tin sulfide (SnS) absorber-layer-based solar cell (glass/Mo/absorber(CuS/SnS)/cadmium sulfide (CdS)/intrinsic zinc oxide (i-ZnO)/indium tin oxide (ITO)/aluminum (Al)) with a stacked structure of SnS thin films on top of the CuS layer deposited at 100 W RF power, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 115 mA, short circuit current density (Jsc) of 9.81 mA/cm2, fill factor (FF) of 35%, and highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.39% were recorded.

This study presents a novel method to control the site‐selective growth of Au nanostars on CuS nanodisc substrate, it indicates that the surfactant ligands play a key role in the architecture control, only CTAC and homologous series with appropriate affinity to CuS can direct the annular‐epitaxial growth of Au nanoparticles on the CuS, which demonstrates superior peroxidase (POD)‐mimic and SERS activity. Mechanistic studies indicate that plasmon‐enhanced catalytic and SERS activity can be attributed to the spatially separated CuS‐Au heterostructure, which supports the light‐triggered hot electron‐hole pairs production and localized surface plasmon resonance hotspots. For practical biosensing, the CuS‐Au heterostructures assembled lateral flow assay (LFA) was used for SERS/catalytic colorimetric/photothermal three‐mode detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with visually colorimetric mode at 103 CFU/mL and quantitative SERS/photothermal modes at 2–102 CFU/mL within 15 min, 15 clinical samples were used to validate the assay, the result was 100% concordant to the results of quantitative real‐time PCR. This study provides a unique avenue to controllably produce plasmon‐enhanced nanozyme, which can provide multi‐mode signals for LFA application and meet the requirements of different scenarios. CuS‐Au heterostructures were synthesized via ligand‐regulated annular‐epitaxial growth strategy, biotin‐Concanavalin A (ConA) was modified on the CuS‐Au heterostructures for universal bacterial‐labelling, assembled with strip, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae can be sensitively recognized by SERS/colorimetric/temperature three‐mode signals within 20 min simultaneously.

In current study, a novel adsorbent of CuFe 2 O 4 /CuS magnetic nanocomposite (MNC) was constructed via a green approach for tetracycline (TC) removal. The leaf extract of the Alhagi pseudalhagi plant was employed as a green reductant agent. The features of the nanocomposite were characterized using XRD, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, BET, and VSM. Batch studies were conducted to assess the impact of parameters, including pH (3.0–9.0), adsorbent dosage (0.025–2 g/L), TC concentration (5–100 mg/L), and temperature (5–50 °C) on the TC adsorption efficiency. The antibiotic was fully removed at pH 7.0, nanocomposite dose of 1.5 g/L, time of 200 min, and TC content of 5 mg/L. Based on the thermodynamic study, the TC adsorption onto the CuFe 2 O 4 /CuS MNC occurred spontaneously and was primarily driven by physical interactions (physisorption). Positive values of ∆ H ° (enthalpy change) and ∆ S ° (entropy change) demonstrated that the adsorption process is naturally endothermic, and the degree of dispersion improves with rising temperature. Adsorption kinetics was well fitted by the pseudo-second-order model. The isotherm studies showed that TC can be removed by the adsorbent at a maximum of 31 mg/g. Overall, CuFe 2 O 4 /CuS MNC exhibited notable efficacy and cost-effectiveness (reusability: 5 times) for the TC adsorption from water.

This research was designed to evaluate the performance of the CuFe 12 O 19 /CuS/Xenon system in the degradation of tetracycline in aqueous solutions. In this study, after green synthesis of nanocomposite using the extract of the Artemisia plant, its properties were determined by XRD, FTIR, FESEM , TEM, BET, XPS, DRS, DLS, EDS, VSM, and PL. In addition, parameters affecting the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline, including time, pH, TC initial concentration, and nanocomposite dose, were assessed. The findings showed that the degradation efficiency increases with increasing pH and catalyst dosage. Under optimum circumstances (pH = 9, nanocomposite dose of 0.5 g/L, and time 200 min), the process efficiency with concentration of 20 mg/L was 100%. The kinetics of the degradation rate of tetracycline obeyed the pseudo-first-order equation. In addition, the results show that after six consecutive cycles, the synthesized catalyst’s ability did not significantly reduce. The results of the mineralization tests revealed that the COD and TOC degradation of the synthetic solution of tetracycline with a concentration of 20 mg/L reached 87.25% and 73.06%, respectively, in the optimal reaction conditions. The scavenger experiments confirmed that OH plays the most crucial role in the decomposition process of tetracycline. Generally, the CuFe 12 O 19 /CuS/Xenon photocatalytic system can effectively degradation tetracycline from aqueous environments.