Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
28,274
result(s) for
"Cardiovascular fitness."
Sort by:
Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and impaired cardiovascular fitness in non-diabetic young population
Background
The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been linked to the onset, progression, and prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Nevertheless, the relationship between the TyG index and impaired cardiovascular fitness (CVF) remains unexplored in non-diabetic young population.
Methods
We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study (1999–2004) to conduct a cross-sectional study of 3364 participants who completed an examination of CVF. Impaired CVF was defined as low and moderate CVF levels determined by estimated maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max), based on sex- and age-specific criteria. The TyG index was calculated by
L
n
[
T
G
(
m
g
/
d
L
)
×
F
P
G
(
m
g
/
d
l
)
/
2
]
.
Results
The age (median with interquartile range) of the study population was 28 (19–37) years, and the TyG index (median ± standard deviation) was 8.36 ± 0.52. A significant association between the TyG index and impaired CVF was found in multivariable logistical regression analysis (per 1-unit increase in the TyG index: OR, 1.46; 95% Cl 1.13–1.90). A dose‒response relationship between the TyG index and impaired CVF was presented by restricted cubic splines (RCS). A significant interaction (
p
= 0.027) between sex and the TyG index for impaired CVF was found in the population aged < 20 years.
Conclusions
In non-diabetic young population, individuals with higher TyG index values are at an increased likelihood of encountering impaired CVF. Furthermore, sex may exert an impact on CVF, as males tend to be more susceptible to impaired CVF under comparable TyG index conditions.
Journal Article
Warrior cardio : the revolutionary metabolic training system for burning fat, building muscle, and getting fit
\"A complete 12-week training program\"--Cover.
Book
The dangers of predicting ratio standards using multiple regression: A case study using the ratio standard VO2peak (ml·kg−1·min−1)
There are numerous examples in the literature where researchers use multiple-regression models to predict ratio standards despite known dangers associated with such methodologies. The solution, to use allometric models, also appears to have been ignored, for example, when predicting cardiorespiratory fitness, using the ratio standard VO2max (ml·kg−1·min−1).
Cross-sectional.
This case-study compares a previously published multiple regression equation to predict VO2peak (ml·kg−1·min−1) that adopted additive predictors of body mass index (kg·m−2) and a 6-minute run/walk test, with an alternative multiplicative allometric model given by VO2peak (l·min−1) = Mk1 · HTk2 · 6WRTk3 · exp(a + b · age + c · age2) · ε, thought to provide a more interpretable model, as well as providing a superior quality-of-fit.
The strong association between VO2peak (l·min−1) and body mass also identified the presence of heteroscedasticity, a characteristic in data that can be resolved using allometry. The allometric model explained over 90 % of the variance (R2 = 0.91) compared to less than 60 % (R2 = 0.58) reported by the original study. The allometric model's results also appear more interpretable, with a positive mass exponent similar to that previously reported in the literature M0.66 based on sound physiological grounds. The positive height exponent can also be explained given that taller children have greater lung function. Finally, the age quadratic identified that children's VO2peak peaks during puberty.
This case study provides powerful evidence that allometric models are more interpretable and provide a superior fit compared with multiple regression models when predicting ratio standards. Note that a simple algebraic adjustment enables researchers to predict the ratio standard VO2peak (ml·kg−1·min−1) without further analyses.
Journal Article
Heart Rate Variability and Cardiovascular Fitness: What We Know so Far
Fluctuation analysis in intervals between heartbeats provides important indices related to autonomic modulation of heart rate variability (HRV). These indices are considered predictors of morbidity and mortality as they are frequently altered in patients with chronic degenerative diseases, especially in those with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Similarly, a reduction in HRV is common with aging. In all cases, cardiovascular fitness is often reduced to below the predicted values. In turn, increases in cardiovascular fitness through regular physical exercise, especially aerobic exercise, represent an important therapeutic tool capable of promoting positive adjustments in cardiac autonomic modulation. These adjustments are characterized by reduced sympathetic modulatory influence and/or increased vagal modulatory influence on the heart, increasing the HRV. Therefore, several methodological tools have been used to assess the degree of impairment of autonomic modulation and the therapeutic effects of physical exercise. In contrast, establishment of strict protocols in experimental design is a main challenge in establishing HRV analysis as a robust parameter for evaluating cardiovascular homeostasis. Thus, this review aimed to contribute to the understanding of autonomic modulation of HRV and its relationship with cardiovascular fitness, highlighting the advances made thus far, the applicability of analysis tools, and the confounding factors observed frequently.
Journal Article
Make the pool your gym : no-impact water workouts for getting fit, building strength and rehabbing from injury
\"Once used primarily for rehabilitation, water exercise has been proven to build strength, improve cardiovascular fitness and burn calories--all without the strain and trauma of land-based activities. This flexible training tool can help you: Improve muscular strength; Increase flexibility; Enhance cardiovascular fitness; Alleviate pain; Rehabilitate injuries. With step-by-step instructions and clear photos, Make the Pool Your Gym shows how to create the effective and efficient workout best suited to your needs. Whether you're a non-swimmer, an elite athlete or someone with a chronic condition, you can make a splash in your fitness level without even getting your hair wet.\"--P. [4] of cover.
Book
Accelerometer-measured absolute versus relative physical activity intensity: cross-sectional associations with cardiometabolic health in midlife
Background
Observational studies investigating the association between accelerometer-measured physical activity and health all use absolute measures of physical activity intensity. However, intervention studies suggest that the physical activity intensity required to improve health is relative to individual fitness. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between accelerometer-measured absolute and relative physical activity intensity and cardiometabolic health, and what implications these associations may have on the interpretation of health-associated physical activity.
Methods
A sample of the cross-sectional Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) consisting of 4,234 men and women aged 55–64 years was studied. Physical activity intensity was measured by accelerometry and expressed as absolute (e.g., metabolic equivalents of task) or relative (percentage of maximal oxygen consumption). Fitness was estimated by the submaximal Ekblom-Bak test. A composite (‘metabolic syndrome’) score combined measures of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and glycated hemoglobin. Associations of absolute and relative physical activity intensity with the health indicators (i.e., fitness and metabolic syndrome score) were studied by partial least squares regression. Analyses were stratified by fitness level.
Results
Both absolute and relative physical activity intensity associated with the health indicators. However, the strongest associations for absolute intensity varied depending on fitness levels, whereas the associations for relative intensity were more synchronized across fitness groups. The dose–response relationship between moderate-to-vigorous intensity and the health indicators was stronger for relative than for absolute intensity. The absolute and relative moderate-to-vigorous intensity cut-offs intersected at the 5th fitness percentile, indicating that the absolute intensity cut-off is too low for 95% of individuals in this sample. While 99% of individuals fulfilled the general physical activity recommendations based on absolute intensity measures, only 21% fulfilled the recommendations based on relative intensity measures. In relation to a “sufficient” fitness level, 9% fulfilled the recommendations.
Conclusions
Accelerometer-measured relative physical activity intensity represents the intensity related to health benefits regardless of fitness level. Traditional absolute moderate intensity accelerometer cut-offs are too low for most individuals and should be adapted to the fitness level in the sample studied. Absolute and relative physical activity intensity cannot be used interchangeably.
Journal Article
Physical exercise and cognitive performance in the elderly: current perspectives
In an aging population with increasing incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment, strategies are needed to slow age-related decline and reduce disease-related cognitive impairment in older adults. Physical exercise that targets modifiable risk factors and neuroprotective mechanisms may reduce declines in cognitive performance attributed to the normal aging process and protect against changes related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia. In this review we summarize the role of exercise in neuroprotection and cognitive performance, and provide information related to implementation of physical exercise programs for older adults. Evidence from both animal and human studies supports the role of physical exercise in modifying metabolic, structural, and functional dimensions of the brain and preserving cognitive performance in older adults. The results of observational studies support a dose-dependent neuroprotective relationship between physical exercise and cognitive performance in older adults. Although some clinical trials of exercise interventions demonstrate positive effects of exercise on cognitive performance, other trials show minimal to no effect. Although further research is needed, physical exercise interventions aimed at improving brain health through neuroprotective mechanisms show promise for preserving cognitive performance. Exercise programs that are structured, individualized, higher intensity, longer duration, and multicomponent show promise for preserving cognitive performance in older adults.
Journal Article