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Offending Womenis an eye-opening journey into the lived reality of prison for women in the United States today. Lynne Haney looks at incarcerated mothers, housed together with their children, who are serving terms in alternative, community-based prisons-a type of facility that is becoming increasingly widespread. Incorporating vivid, sometimes shocking observations of daily life, she probes the dynamics of power over women's minds and bodies that play out in two such institutions in California. She finds that these \"alternative\" prisons, contrary to their aims, often end up disempowering women, transforming their social vulnerabilities into personal pathologies, and pushing them into a state of disentitlement. Uncovering the complex gendered underpinning of methods of control and intervention used in the criminal justice system today,Offending Womenlinks that system to broader discussions on contemporary government and state power, asks why these strategies have arisen at this particular moment in time, and considers what forms of citizenship they have given rise to.

Combining extensive interviews with his own experience as an inmate, John Irwin constructs a powerful and graphic description of the big-city jail. Unlike prisons, which incarcerate convicted felons, jails primarily confine arrested persons not yet charged or convicted of any serious crime. Irwin argues that rather than controlling the disreputable, jail disorients and degrades these people, indoctrinating new recruits to the rabble class. In a forceful conclusion, Irwin addresses the issue of jail reform and the matter of social control demanded by society. Reissued more than twenty years after its initial publication with a new foreword by Jonathon Simon, The Jail remains an extraordinary account of the role jails play in America's crisis of mass incarceration.

The jail-involved population-people with a history of arrest in the previous year-has high rates of illness, which leads to high costs for society. A significant percentage of jail-involved people are estimated to become newly eligible for coverage through the Affordable Care Act's expansion of Medicaid, including coverage of substance abuse treatment and mental health care. In this article we explore the need to break down the current policy silos between health care and criminal justice, to benefit both sectors and reduce unnecessary costs resulting from lack of coordination. To draw attention to the hidden costs of the current system, we review three case studies, from Washington State, Los Angeles County in California, and New York City. Each case study addresses different aspects of care needed by or provided to the jail-involved population, including mental health and substance abuse, emergency care, and coordination of care transitions. Ultimately, bending the cost curve for health care and criminal justice will require greater integration of the two systems. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Over the last few decades, a steady stream of books decry the decline of the public intellectual in modern life, while academics continue to express the desire to \"make a difference\" by producing research that contributes to the amelioration of social problems. In this context, this article draws on basic and applied research on transgender prisoners in California as a case study to address larger questions about the pursuit of knowledge, the creation of policy, the prompting of praxis, and the promise of justice. The empirical research on transgender prisoners in prisons for men presented in this article begins with a decidedly specific policy question (how to keep transgender prisoners safe from sexual assault in prison) and ends with basic research that interrogates the social organization and workings of gender (how is gender accomplished among transgender prisoners in prisons for men). Reviewing this research and presenting a few instructive digressions referred to as \"sidebars\" leads to two conclusions: (1) The line between basic and policy work cannot be effectively erased (nor should it be), and (2) basic and applied research can be treated as productively interdependent (i.e., take us to new research paths and generate new insights). By operating side-by-side, basic and policy research can provide us with general and particularistic understandings of social processes and structures that ultimately help us make a difference in the lives of those who suffer the most from systems of inequality, in this case transgender women subject to state authority.

The human response to an environmental hazard can either reduce or exacerbate its impact on health. This article reviews determinants of community-level responses to environmental health hazards. The aim is to identify factors that can enhance a community's capacity to protect itself and to suggest public health strategies that can increase such capacity. Four case histories of community environmental health action are presented to test a theoretical model for understanding the determinants of community capacity to promote environmental health. Specific actions public health professionals can take to strengthen community capacity include increasing access to accurate science, building strong relationships between communities and local health departments, and supporting political reforms that level the playing field for communities that seek to challenge corporate or government practices.

This paper presents a case for reading and writing social justice poetry in the childhood educational curriculum. Social justice poetry uses verse to protest unfair and unjust living conditions in society. An historical case study shows how social justice poetry was used to combat social injustice in the United States. Specifically, it shows how young Chinese immigrants protested their incarceration at the Angel Island detention center in San Francisco Bay during the early decades of the 20th century. This case study is used as a model for implementing social justice poetry in the childhood education curriculum. Guidelines are suggested for the creation of other topics in which social justice poetry can be used for the development of democratic citizenship. تقدم هذه الورقة حجة بقراءة قصائد العدالة الاجتماعية والكتابة عنها في منهاج التعليم في الطفولة. وتستغل قصائد العدالة الاجتماعية أبياتها لتعترض على عدم العدالة وعدم المساواة في الظروف السكنية في المجتمع. وتبين حالة دراسية تاريخية كيف قد استخدمت قصائد العدالة الاجتماعية كي تتصدى لعدم العدالة الاجتماعية في الولايات المتحدة لا سيما أنها تبين كيف احتج شباب مهاجرون صينيون على اعتقالهم في مركز الاحتجاز في جزيرة أنجيل في سان فرانسيسكو أثناء العقود الأولى من القرن العشرين. وقد استخدمت هذه الحالة الدراسية نموذجاً لإدخال قصائد العدالة الاجتماعية في تعليم الطفولة وقد تم اقتراح الدلائل الإرشادية لخلق مواد أخرى تستطيع فيها أن تستخدم قصائد العدالة الاجتماعية من أجل تطوير الجنسية الديمقراطية. 本文提出论据支持在儿童教育课程中推行阅读与写作社会公义诗歌的教学。社会公义诗歌以诗句来抗议社会上不公义的生活状况。在美国，有一个历史案例研究显示社会公义诗歌如何用作对抗社会上的不公义。该研究特别展示在二十世纪初的几十年期间，年轻的中国移民，如何以社会公义诗歌来抗议他们被关押在美国三藩市海湾天使岛羁留中心。本文作者以此案例研究，作为在儿童教育课程中实施社会公义诗歌教学的典范，并建议一些教学指引，以便教师创作其他社会公义诗歌的主题，藉以培养儿童的民主公民身份意识。 Ce texte présente un cas de poésie pour la justice sociale dans le programme d'enseignement des enfants. La poésie de justice sociale utilise les vers pour protester contre des conditions de vie déloyales et injustes dans la société. Il montre en l'espèce comment de jeunes immigrants chinois ont protesté contre leur incarcération au centre de détention d'Angel Island dans la baie de San Francisco pendant les premières décennies du 20ème siècle. On utilise cette étude de cas comme un modèle pour instaurer la poésie de justice sociale dans le programme d'enseignement des enfants. Des directives sont fournies pour créer d'autres sujets dans lesquels la poésie de justice sociale pourrait être utilisée pour développer la citoyenneté démocratique. Автор считает, что учебный процесс в начальной школе должен непременно включать в себя чтение и сочинение стихов на темы социальной справедливости. Такого рода поэзия – форма борьбы с несправедливыми условиями жизни в обществе. Историческое кейс‐исследование показывает, как использовалась социальная поэзия для этих целей в США – например, в начале ХХ века, когда молодых иммигрантов из Китая задерживали в фильтрационном лагере на острове Энджел в заливе Сан‐Франциско. На этом кейс‐исследовании выстроена модель обучения для учеников младшего возраста. Приводятся руководящие принципы отбора возможных тем для сочинения стихов социальной направленности. Такой подход помогает становлению демократического самосознания подрастающего поколения. Este estudio aboga por la lectura y la escritura de poesía sobre la justicia social en el currículo educacional de niños. Dicha poesía usa el verso para protestar contra las condiciones injustas de vivienda en la sociedad. Un estudio histórico muestra cómo dicha poesía fue usada para combatir la injusticia social en los Estados Unidos. Muestra, específicamente, cómo unos jóvenes inmigrantes chinos protestaron su encarcelamiento en el campo de detención de Angel Island en la bahía de San Francisco a principios del siglo 20. Se usa este estudio como modelo para implementar la poesía de justicia social en el currículo de enseñanza de niños. Se sugieren directrices para la creación de otros temas en los que la poesía de justicia social puede ser usada para el desarrollo del ciudadano democrático.

Huey P. Newton, co-founder of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, was convicted of voluntary manslaughter of a police officer (Oakland, CA) in September 1968. He was sentenced to 2 to 15 years in prison. For 22 months, he was incarcerated at California Men's Colony in San Luis Obispo, CA under \"lock-up\"—a system which gave him very limited interaction with the general prison population. During this time, Newton had no direct contact with members or leaders of the Black Panther Party. Furthermore, he was restricted to ten persons on his visiting list, nine of whom had to be members of his immediate family. The author of this paper was the tenth person on Newton's visiting list. For the entire period of his incarceration, I visited with Newton almost every Friday from 9:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m. Following each visit, I would record a detailed memoir of our discussions, the general circumstances in the prison, and my reflections on everything that had transpired. This paper discusses the 22 months Huey P. Newton was in California Men's Colony. It describes how we organized our sessions so the conversations would be of value to him during the following week. It also includes a description of some of the major ideas we shared, including how Newton developed some of his decisions about the Black Panther Party as well as his personal life. Finally, the paper includes my own observations about Newton and how he managed his life as an inmate \"lock-up\" in a maximum security prison. Newton was released in August 1970 following the reversal of his conviction by the California Appellate Court. He died in 1989. He was 47 years old.

In 1995, an outbreak of tuberculosis (TB) occurred among residents of a correctional-facility housing unit for inmates infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We isolated and treated patients who were suspected to have TB. To determine risk factors for in-prison transmission of TB, we conducted a case-control study to compare inmate case patients infected with a distinct outbreak strain of TB with control subjects who resided in the HIV unit. We identified 15 case patients during a 4-month period. Among inmates with a CD4 count of µ100 cells/mm3, case patients were more likely than control subjects to spend ≥20 hours per week in a communal day room (odds ratio, 42; P = .002) and were less likely to have a television in their single-person room (odds ratio, 0.10; P = .003). The communal day room was a likely site of transmission. Successful collaboration between the correctional system and public health departments halted the outbreak.

A computerized maintenance system has contributed to the success of a natural gas-fired combined-cycle power plant at the Pitchess Honor Rancho jail complex in Saugus, California. Utilization of the computerized plant maintenance system program, in conjunction with several database programs, has increased the plant's reliability and trimmed costs. The advantages of a computerized maintenance program are minimal equipment breakdown and a reduction in operations and maintenance man-hours. In a computerized maintenance system, equipment is refurbished periodically according to either the manufacturer's or operator's recommendation. The system includes a computerized spare parts inventory. In 1988, Chas. T. Main Inc. completed the turnkey design and construction of the Pitchess Honor Rancho plant, which is owned by the County of Los Angeles.