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The final test : the uncertain future of cricket's first-class game
As T20 grows like Japanese knotweed, Test cricket is in mortal danger. White-ball tournaments - mainly T20 and T10 - are now sprouting in places like the US and Saudi Arabia, and Test cricketers are commonly being offered all-year-round contracts by IPL owners, allowing them to play short-form tournaments in the West Indies, the UAE and elsewhere. The IPL has expanded, but Australia's Big Bash is contracting; the 2023 men's Ashes were concertinaed into a tiny window but The Hundred continues to dominate. Is there still hope for Test cricket in this tumultuous sporting landscape? Turbervill recalls the poignancy of the final Test of the English summer at The Oval in 2022, and describes how the match could be seen as a metaphor for the demise of the longer game.
BOOK
Modifying bowling kinematics in cricket pace bowlers with exercise-based injury prevention: A cluster-randomised controlled trial
Undesirable bowling kinematics can increase the risk of low back injury. This study investigated if an exercise-based injury prevention program (IPP) could modify bowling kinematics in community-level adolescent pace bowlers.
Cluster-randomised controlled trial.
Pace bowlers from eight cricket organisations were cluster-randomised into an intervention or control group. At baseline and follow-up sessions biomechanical bowling data were collected. Between sessions, the intervention group completed an eight-week IPP while the control continued their normal cricket activity. Treatment effects (95% CI) were estimated with linear mixed models.
There were significant treatment effects favouring the intervention group for shoulder counter-rotation (−3.8°; −7.2° to −0.3°) and lateral trunk flexion relative to the pelvis (−2.2°; −4.0° to −0.5°). Shoulder counter-rotation also increased in the control group by 2.2° (Cohen’s d=0.22). There were no effects of the intervention on: lateral trunk flexion at front foot contact (FFC) (1.2°; −2.5° to 4.8°), lateral trunk flexion at ball release (BR) (−0.5°; −3.0° to 2.0°), pelvis rotation at FFC (0.9°; −4.0° to 2.2°), pelvis rotation at BR (−1.1°; −5.7° to 3.6°), front hip angle at FFC (1.6°; −3.6° to 6.7°), front hip angle at BR (−1.6°; −5.0° to 1.9°), front knee angle at FFC (−1.1°; −4.5° to 2.3°), front knee angle at BR (1.7°; −5.6° to 9.1°), or ball velocity (1.1kmh−1; −7.5kmh−1 to 9.7kmh−1).
The IPP maintained shoulder counter-rotation and lateral trunk flexion relative to the pelvis in the intervention group and this could attenuate injury risk. No treatment effects were observed for lower-limb kinematics.
Journal Article
Cricket : a portrait of the game
'Cricket' is photography in the tradition of the great 20th century photographers. It captures the heart of the game from the commentators chatting in the broadcast booth, players relaxing in the team rooms, to never before photos of Shane Warne. Distinguished cricket writer and photographer, Mark Ray, has roamed the world of cricket capturing the greats of the cricket-playing nations as well as unique portraits of the world of cricket. This book is a portrait of the game played across the globe and loved by generations: it documents the spirit that surrounds it, from the stars behind the scenes - unselfconscious and uninhibited - to those that support the game, the fans, the groundsmen, the umpires, and the commentators.
BOOK
Physical activity and health-related quality of life in former elite and recreational cricketers from the UK with upper extremity or lower extremity persistent joint pain: a cross-sectional study
ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare physical activity (PA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in former elite and recreational cricketers with upper extremity (UE), lower extremity (LE) or no joint pain.Study designCross-sectional cohort.SettingDespite the high prevalence of joint pain in former athletes, the impact of UE pain and LE pain on PA and HRQoL and potential differences between former recreational and elite athletes are poorly understood.Participants703 former cricketers aged ≥18 years (mean age 58.7, SD 12.9, played an average of 30 (IQR 20–40) seasons, 72% of whom had played at a recreational level) were recruited through the Cricket Health and Wellbeing Study and met eligibility requirements (UE pain, LE pain or no joint pain (defined as pain on most days of the past month)).Primary and secondary outcomesThe International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form collected weekly metabolic equivalents (METS), while the Short-Form 8 collected physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component scores. Kruskal-Wallis tests with Dunn’s post-hoc and multivariable linear regressions were performed.ResultsWeekly METS were similar in former cricketers with UE pain (median (IQR) 2560 (722–4398)), LE pain (2215 (527–3903)) and no pain (2449 (695–4203), p=0.39). MCS were similar between groups (UE pain 56.0 (52.1–60.0); LE pain 55.2 (51.1–59.4); no pain 54.7 (50.7–58.7), p=0.38). PCS were more impaired in former cricketers with UE pain (49.8 (44.9–54.8)) or LE pain (46.7 (41.0–51.9)) compared with no pain (54.2 (51.5–56.9), p<0.0001). Former cricketers with LE pain reported worse PCS than those with UE pain (p=0.04). Similar relationships were observed in former elite and recreational cricketers.ConclusionDespite impaired physical components of HRQoL in former cricketers with UE pain or LE pain, pain was not related to PA levels or mental components of HRQoL. Physical components of HRQoL were most impaired in those with LE pain, and findings were similar among former elite and recreational cricketers.
Journal Article
The art of batting : the craft of cricket's greatest run scorers
Colourful cricket history meets expert analysis in this exploration of the art of batting. Most batters are trying to do their best, yet the top players are creating art. It is physically impossible to face an 80mph delivery and track it with your eyes, yet the greatest batters do more than just watch the ball, they predict where it will go. They can see into the future. This book is about the batters who see what mortals don't. Javed Miandad purposefully made errors to manipulate the field, Sachin Tendulkar dug up a pitch to take on Warne, Shivnarine Chanderpaul was peppered by tennis balls on the beach until he created his bastardised technique and Joe Root's great play against spin is a confluence of three random events. Others, such as Smith, Pietersen and Richards, carried on the work of a man 100 years before their time, and Ranji changed cricket with a bucket.
BOOK
MRI Screening for lumbar bone stress injuries in young male cricket fast bowlers: a 15-year retrospective cohort study
ObjectiveMRI screening is increasingly used in elite cricket to support the early detection of lumbar bone stress injuries (LBSIs). However, its impact on injury outcomes and career trajectories remains unclear. This study evaluated short-term and long-term outcomes from LBSI in young male fast bowlers, comparing injuries detected through MRI screening with those detected clinically.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analysed 15 years (2009–2024) of injury surveillance data from the England and Wales Cricket Board. LBSIs in male fast bowlers (aged 16–24) were classified as screening-detected (via routine MRI) or clinically-detected (imaging-confirmed following symptom onset). Outcomes were evaluated across short-term (diagnosis to return-to-play (RTP)) and long-term (5-year post-RTP) timeframes.Results197 LBSIs (44 screening-detected, 153 clinically-detected) were detected in 142 bowlers (mean age at injury: 19.4±2.1 years). Screening-detected injuries were more likely to be stress reactions (p=0.002), while complete fractures were exclusively clinically-detected. Screening-detected injuries had shorter RTP times (p<0.001) and were managed conservatively with 100% RTP success. Bowlers with screening-detected injuries had greater in-season availability (p<0.001) and returned to preinjury playing standards post-RTP. Over 5 years, 51%–67% of bowlers remained reinjury-free, with comparable probabilities between detection methods (p≥0.536); 5-year playing standard trajectories showed improvement in both groups.ConclusionMRI screening may facilitate earlier detection of LBSIs compared with symptom-based pathways, enabling conservative management, shorter RTP times and greater availability, while allowing for continued career progression. However, the observed risk of reinjury highlights the need for improved preventive strategies.
Journal Article
Crickonomics : the anatomy of modern cricket
'Crickonomics' answers those questions you have about the sport, and many more that you haven't: you'll be delighted to know all the answers. Will Test cricket die? Why is the Indian Premier League the most important competition in cricket? Why is cricket plagued by match fixing - is the problem getting better or worse? Will India's cricketing wealth make it the dominant cricket nation in the future, and can the world of cricket expand beyond its traditional strongholds? These are the questions many fans ask. This book answers them and many more besides.
BOOK
The financial cost of injuries and their association with team success in professional men's cricket
To quantify the direct and indirect costs associated with injuries in professional men's cricket from 2015/16 to 2021/22 and to report the association between the cost of injuries and team success.
Retrospective cohort study.
Injury insurance claims were obtained for cricket-related injuries to determine direct costs. Player's salary cost whilst injured was calculated from total salary expenditure, number of players, seasonal days and days lost to injury from prospective injury recording. A linear mixed model was used to assess the association between team success (County Championship points) and cost of injury.
The average annual total cost of injuries per team was £167,447 (±£20,678), comprising £38,127 (±£24,000) injury insurance costs, £40,007 (±£23,977) injured players salary costs and £89,243 medical staff costs. Hand injuries incurred the highest number of claims and lumbar spine injuries accounted for the largest cost. Approximately 7 % of players' annual salary was earned whilst injured. The cost of injury was negatively associated with team success in Division 1; those with a two SD higher injury cost (£58,561) accrued 28 fewer points (95 % CI −54, −2) on average. The association in Division 2 teams was unclear (two SD increase (£53,339): +15 points [95 % CI: −10, 41]).
These data support the implementation of effective injury prevention measures for lumbar spine, hand and knee injuries to reduce injury rates and subsequent costs. Highlighting the financial and team performance costs of injuries may help to engage key stakeholders in injury prevention initiatives.
Journal Article
Cricket in the 21st century
This volume examines the ways in which cricket has reflected and reproduced some of the social and political tensions of the twenty-first century. The chapters employ cricket as a useful conceptual tool to analyse the dynamics underwriting interactions between races, sexes, classes, and polities.
BOOK
Head Kinematics and Injury Analysis in Elite Bobsleigh Athletes Throughout a World Cup Tour
The neurocognitive health effects of repetitive head impacts have been examined in many sports. However, characterizations of head impacts for sliding-sport athletes are lacking.
To describe head impact kinematics and injury epidemiology in elite athletes during the 2021-2022 Bobsleigh World Cup season.
Cross-sectional study.
On-track training and competitions during the Bobsleigh World Cup season.
Twelve elite bobsleigh athletes (3 pilots [1 female], 9 push athletes [5 females]; age = 30 ± 5 years; female height and weight = 173 ± 8 cm and 75 ± 5 kg, respectively; male height and weight = 183 ± 5 cm and 101 ± 5 kg, respectively).
Athletes wore an accelerometer-enabled mouthguard to quantify 6-degrees-of-freedom head impact kinematics. Isometric absolute and relative neck strength, number of head acceleration events (HAEs), workload (J), peak linear velocity (m·s-1), peak angular velocity (rad·s-1), peak linear acceleration (g), and peak angular acceleration (rad·s-2) were derived from mouthguard manufacturer algorithms. Linear mixed-effect models tested the effects of sex (male versus female), setting (training versus competition), and position (pilot versus push athlete) on the kinematic variables.
A total of 1900 HAEs were recorded over 48 training and 53 competition days. No differences were found between the number of HAEs per run per athlete by sex (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.82, P = .741), setting (IRR = 0.94, P = .325), or position (IRR = 1.64, P = .463). No sex differences were observed for workload (mean ± SD: males = 3.3 ± 2.2 J, females = 3.1 ± 1.9 J; P = .646), peak linear velocity (males = 1.1 ± 0.3 m·s-1, females = 1.1 ± 0.3 m·s-1; P = .706), peak angular velocity (males = 4.2 ± 2.1 rad·s-1, females = 4.7 ± 2.5 rad·s-1; P = .220), peak linear acceleration (male = 12.4 ± 3.9g, females = 11.9 ± 3.5g; P = .772), or peak angular acceleration (males = 610 ± 353 rad·s-2, females = 680 ± 423 rad·s-2; P = .547). Also, no effects of setting or position on any kinematic variables were seen. Male athletes had greater peak neck strength than female athletes for all neck movements, aside from right-side flexion (P = .085), but no sex differences were noted in relative neck strength.
We provide a foundational understanding of the repetitive HAEs that occur in bobsleigh athletes. Future authors should determine the effects of repetitive head impacts on neurocognitive function and mental health.
Journal Article