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COMPARISON OF THE PERFORMANCE OF WHEAT FLOUR MILLS IN IRAQ FOR THE YEAR 2019 BAGHDAD GOVERNORATE CASE STUDY
This study was aimed to compare the performance of flour mills in Baghdad governorate during 2019. A sample of 53 mills were collected, divided into four categories according to their productivity. The technical and economic efficiency were estimated according to the data envelope method with an input oriented. The results showed that the values of the general average of scale efficiency and technical efficiency constant CRS, and variable return to scale VRS for the sample in the first half according to its production capacity of the mills amounted to (0.876, 0.937, 0.937)% respectively. Compared to the results of the second period (0.896, 0.952, 0.941) %, respectively. As for the results of allocative and economic efficiency in the first period, it amounted to (0.0856, 0.803) %, respectively. Compared to the results of the second period (0.0840, 0.801) %, respectively. In summary, we conclude that the increase in the quantities of raw wheat in the second period of the sample by 7.0% resulted in a positive effect on the results of technical efficiency TEvrs, and this was also indicated by the results of the Malmquist index. As for the decrease in the results of the average economic efficiency of the sample in the second period due to the low economic efficiency of the mills of the first category, which negatively affected the results of the sample as a whole. One of the recommendations of the research is to update the four categories of mills’ machines, as it has become a problem in wasting input quantities and mills moving away from optimizing the economic efficiency of those mills. As for the mills of the first category, the levels of production capacities must be raised because the current levels do not serve the flour industry and it negatively affected the average sample efficiency.
Journal Article
Change your day, not your life : a realistic guide to sustained motivation, more productivity and the art of working well
\"Author Andy Core helps hard-working, ambitious individuals increase their productivity and develop a positive work-life balance by sharing his secrets to achieving a healthy lifestyle, gaining more energy, and thriving at work through simple, realistic, and repeatable actions that you can incorporate into your everyday life.\"--Jacket flap.
Book
A FINANCIAL EVALUATION OF WHEAT PRODUCTION PROJECTS UNDER CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN ANBAR GOVERNORATE
The research aims to identify the financial feasibility of cultivating the wheat crop under modern irrigation systems in desert areas and to clarify the impact of the capacity of the systems in those projects in achieving the financial feasibility of their establishment, using the economic evaluation criteria for the projects. The research included a study of 60 projects in Anbar Governorate for the 2020-2021 production season. It has been shown that projects that use several systems, despite their high investment costs, can recover the money invested in them within a relatively short period. The projects that use modern irrigation systems covering 60 donums were among the best projects that achieved technical efficiency in the productivity of the wheat crop, and the average net income reached the cash in the sample is about 1.3 billion dinars, while the average net income per donum in the research sample is about 189 thousand dinars. The sample was not able to achieve accounting profits, The research recommended the need to use electric power systems as an alternative to relying on electric power generators, as the average price of solar power systems in the Iraqi market is currently within reach.
Journal Article
Lean management principles for information technology
\"This book discusses information production processes, information technology (IT) systems, and change management through the lens of Lean principles; how to integrate Lean tools together with information production and IT systems to form an integrated, world-class learning environment; Lean tools and techniques like Lean management, Six Sigma, cycle time, value stream mapping, spaghetti charting, value-added vs. non-value-added activities, and bottlenecks; information technology (IT) tools and environments; and how to integrate Lean tools together with IT environments to form an integrated, world-class IT organization. This book is broken into three sections: Section I discusses the need for IT to become \"Leaner\", how we are data rich but information starved, and what lessons Lean teaches us about improving the information we work with. The section goes on to give an overview of change management and how it works. Section II delves into the details of how Lean can be utilized to eliminate waste in IT. It discusses the cultural acceptance tools that are required to build acceptance for Lean in IT, the technical tools that are available to generate the desired improvements, how these technical tools are used to identify non-value-added opportunities for improvement, the improvement process, and the operational details behind running a Lean event. This section also explores the process of developing meaningful information metrics. Section III recommends a methodology for assessing an organization's IT maturity. This section focuses on the next generation of Lean and its application to IT, and it ends by discussing how Lean can drive the success of IT environments of the future. The objective is to create world-class information processing organizations\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Digital Economy Enables High-Quality Economic Development: Theoretical Mechanisms and Empirical Evidence
Digital economy has become the primary motivation for high-quality economic development. Upon comprehensively analyzing the connotation of digital economy, this paper constructs an evaluation system from development environment, digital industrialization, industrial digitalization, and digital governance to measure China’s digital economy index from 2016 to 2018 using the entropy-based TOPSIS method. Also, based on the improved Feder dual sector model, this paper discusses the theoretical mechanism of digital economy promoting high-quality economic development directly and through improving economic efficiency and economic structure, and carries out an empirical test. According to findings, on the one hand, China is scaling up digital economy and accelerating digital transformation; on the other hand, the greater the likelihood that high-quality economic development is constrained by low economic efficiency and unreasonable economic structure, the greater the role of digital economy in promoting high-quality economic development. Therefore, this paper puts forward recommendations for China’s high-quality economic development, such as advancing new infrastructure construction, developing digital economy, improving economic efficiency and economic structure, and transforming the government governance model.
Journal Article
Cross-Regional Comparative Study on Environmental–Economic Efficiency and Driving Forces behind Efficiency Improvement in China: A Multistage Perspective
Environmental–economic efficiency assessment is an effective way to evaluate the degree of coordination between an economy and the environment. Previous studies on environmental–economic efficiency have primarily investigated the efficiency of economic production and have often overlooked the efficiency of pollution treatment in overall economic activities. We applied a network data envelopment analysis model to evaluate the environmental–economic efficiency of a multistage process with undesirable outputs in 30 Chinese provinces during 2001–2017. The multistage process consisted of two sequential stages: economic production and pollution treatment. The results show that the average environmental–economic efficiency across all provinces was generally low but demonstrated a gradual upward trend during the study period. The spatial pattern for the 30 provinces showed that provinces with medium or high environmental–economic efficiency are mainly located in the eastern regions in China. Finally, few provinces exhibited economic activities with high economic production and pollution treatment efficiency, with most provinces generally having low economic production and pollution treatment efficiency. Hence, provinces with different economic production and pollution treatment efficiency modes should implement targeted improvement strategies according to their characteristics.
Journal Article
Economy and the architectural appearance of the tsarist Russia dwelling
The architectural appearance of modern residential buildings is distinguished by facelessness and a low artistic component. According to the authors the reason for this situation lies in the facelessness of ownership forms themselves. The relevance of ways to improve the architectural appearance of mass housing is associated with the division of ownership forms and the expansion of the income housing sector of private-state forms of entrepreneurship. With this Aim, the influence of economic factors on the architectural appearance of mass profitable housing widespread in tsarist Russia was analyzed in the article. Rental apartment buildings carried large profits and the customer encouraged any artistic methods that define a rental apartment building as a symbol of the high status of guests and the owner. This contributed to an improvement in the architectural appearance of the development and a quick return on money. Moreover, the imperative for the development of a high-quality housing is supported by the effective self-government in small formats, the landlord faithfully fulfills his duties and pays taxes to the state. The graphoanalytical research methods confirm the conclusions about the influence of economic factors on the architectural appearance of a profitable and self-governing market object, functioning without state subsidies.
Journal Article
Determinants of healthcare system's efficiency in OECD countries
Objective Firstly, to compare healthcare systems' efficiency (HSE) using two models: one incorporating mostly inputs that are considered to be within the discretionary control of the healthcare system (i.e., physicians' density, inpatient bed density, and health expenditure), and another, including mostly inputs beyond healthcare systems' control (i.e., GDP, fruit and vegetables consumption, and health expenditure). Secondly, analyze whether institutional arrangements, population behavior, and socioeconomic or environmental determinants are associated with HSE. Design Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was utilized to calculate OECD countries' HSE. Life expectancy and infant survival rate were considered as outputs in both models. Healthcare systems' rankings according to the super-efficiency and the cross-efficiency ranking methods were used to analyze determinants associated with efficiency. Results (1) Healthcare systems in nine countries with large and stable economies were defined as efficient in model I, but were found to be inefficient in model II; (2) Gatekeeping and the presence of multiple insurers were associated with a lower efficiency; and (3) The association between socioeconomic and environmental indicators was found to be ambiguous. Conclusions Countries striving to improve their HSE should aim to impact population behavior and welfare rather than only ensure adequate medical care. In addition, they may consider avoiding specific institutional arrangements, namely gatekeeping and the presence of multiple insurers. Finally, the ambiguous association found between socioeconomic and environmental indicators, and a country's HSE necessitates caution when interpreting different ranking techniques in a cross-country efficiency evaluation and needs further exploration.
Journal Article
Microalgae Oil Production Using Wastewater in Japan—Introducing Operational Cost Function for Sustainable Management of WWTP
A comparative evaluation of economic efficiency was performed for native polyculture microalgae oil production in an oxidation ditch (OD) process wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). A cost function was developed for the process. The operational cost per 1 m3 of wastewater (w.w.) was 1.34$/m3-w.w. in the existing scenario, 1.29 $ /m3-w.w. in algal scenario A (no cost for CO2 and waste heat) and 1.36$/m3-w.w. in algal scenario B (no cost for CO2). The conditions were set as follows: hydraulic retention time (HRT): 4 days, microalgal productivity: 0.148 g/L and daily treatment volume: 81.6 m3-w.w./d. The cost differences were related to the increase in polymer flocculants for algae separation (+0.23 $ /m3-w.w), carbon credits from CO2 absorption (−0.01$/m3-w.w), the sales of biocrude (−0.04 $ /m3-w.w) and sludge disposal (−0.18 $/m3-w.w). Hence, the introduction of the algae scenario was the same cost-effective as the existing scenario. Microalgae oil production in an OD process WWTP can serve as a new energy system and reduce the environmental load in a society with a declining population.
Journal Article