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\"Examines the benefits of and the techniques for using neurofeedback to combat many childhood disorders, such as autism, ADHD, depression, and aggression\"--Provided by publisher.

Abstract Introduction Recent advances in micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology have promoted the development of microelectrode arrays (MEA) that allow high resolution recordings in neuroscience research. However, applying MEA in studies in freely moving mice remains very challenging due to the large number of electrical connections required in this type of studies. The use of commutators for a large number of connections is not practical, and headmounts/loggers placed on the animal head are too heavy for small animals such as mice. Therefore, there is a need for a better compact system for using MEA in mice. Herein, we designed such a system and successfully recorded high-density-EEG in freely moving mice. Methods We designed a system in which forty flexible ultrathin wires are connected to the headstage enclosed in a container held close to the mouse. The container also houses a logger and battery connected to the headstage. This recording system allows minimizing weighted pressure on the animal using a counterbalance, so that the animal can freely move in the cage. Results We tested the system using a signal generator and mouse EEG arrays (NeuroNexus). When potentials produced by the signal generator were recorded via the wires, recorded traces were indistinguishable from the traces that were recorded when the signal generator was connected directly to the logger. We then implanted mice with EEG electrode arrays under surgical anesthesia. The high-density EEG recordings were performed one and four weeks after the surgery. High-quality EEG signals were observed in all the channels of the 32-channel logger (SpikeGadgets) in freely moving mice. Conclusion We successfully developed and tested a novel system for enabling high-density EEG recordings in freely moving mice. We expect that this system will be useful for recording biopotentials from different types of MEA in freely moving mice. Support NIH 1R43OD023231 (LG), NIH 1RF1AG061774 (DG), and NIH 5R21NS106406 (DG)

Focusing on stepwise development of concepts, pattern recognition and integration with clinical practice, Reading EEGs: A Practical Approach, 2nd Edition, is an easy-to-use, readable guide to learning EEG for neurology residents, clinical neurophysiology fellows, and electroneurodiagnostic students and technologists.

Einleitung: Neurofeedback (NF) ist eine nicht-invasive medikamentenfreie Art des Gehirntrainings. Hirnströme werden in Echtzeit gemessen und verarbeitet, mit dem Ziel, eine Verhaltensmodifikation durch Modulation der Gehirnaktivität zu bewirken. Trotz der hohen Anzahl an Krebspatient:innen oder postkanzerösen Überlebenden („Survivors\") liegen kaum Studien zu NF-Untersuchungen in dieser Patient:innengruppe vor. Ziel dieses RCTs war die Implementation und Wirksamkeitsprüfung einer NF-Intervention in dieser Kohorte. Zudem wurde dieWirksamkeit dieser Maßnahme mit einer Therapieform vergleichen, die bei Patient:innen mit Krebs bereits klinisch Anwendung findet, der Achtsamkeit. Methode: Hierzu wurden 62 Patient:innen rekrutiert, nach einer 5-wöchigen Wartelistenperiode randomisiert. Sie haben 2x wöchentlich, über 5 Wochen, an einer NF-Intervention (EG, n = 21) oder an einer manualisierten Achtsamkeits- Gruppentherapie (CG, n = 21) teilgenommen. Outcomeparameter waren unter anderem die selbstberichtete kognitive Beeinträchtigung, aber auch emotionale Distressparameter, Fatigue, Rumination, Lebensqualität (EORTC-30,QoL), Selbstwirksamkeit (SWE). Ergebnisse: Es verringerten sich die affektiven Symptome Distress (DT, p ≤ ,01), Depression (PHQ-8, p ≤ ,05), generalisierte Angst (GAD-7, p ≤ ,05) und psychoonkologische Belastung (HSI, p≤,05) signifikant über die Zeit. Hier zeigten sich keine Unterschiede zwischen EG und CG. Keine Veränderungen konnten bei der kognitiven Beeinträchtigung (PCI, p = ,079), der Fatigue (MFI-ME, p = ,509) und Rumination (p = ,509) ermittelt werden. Die QoL wies innerhalb der EG eine signifikante Steigerung (p≤,05) auf; nicht aber für die CG (p = ,355). Auch die SWE konnte nur über die Zeit in der EG gesteigert werden ( p ≤ ,01) nicht in der CG (p = ,549). Die SWE prädizierte die QoL mit p ≤ ,001 und einer erklärten Varianz von 48,2 %. Machbarkeit und Akzeptanz sprachen für den Einsatz von NF. Schlussfolgerung: In dieser Untersuchung wird erstmals die Technik des NFs hinsichtlich grundlegender Wirkmechanismen in einer deutschen Stichprobe von Krebspatient:innen untersucht und mit einer anderen etablierten Intervention im psychoonkologischen Bereich verglichen. Alle affektiven Symptome zeigten sich deutlich verringert. Somit steht den Patient:innen ein zusätzliches, medikamentenfreies, psychoonkologischesTherapieangebot zur Verfügung, ihre Selbstwirksamkeit steigern zu können und darüber vermittelt eine Steigerung ihrer Lebensqualität zu erlangen.

Hintergrund: Patient:innen mit somatoformer Schmerzstörung (SFS) zeigen bestimmte Merkmale einer veränderten emotionalen Wahrnehmungsfähigkeit und Ausdrucksweise von Gefühlen. Sie haben Schwierigkeiten, eigene Gefühle als solche zu erkennen und/oder diese zu beschreiben (Alexithymie). Zudem haben sie Probleme, Emotionen von körperlichen Beschwerden abzugrenzen. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Emotionsverarbeitung bei Patient:innen mit SFS im Vergleich zu Proband:innen zu charakterisieren. Zusätzlich wurde in Anbetracht der Covid-19 Pandemie erstmalig der Einfluss von Masken auf die faziale Affektverarbeitung in diesem Patientenkollektiv untersucht. Methoden: Bei 20 Patient:innen (16 weiblich, 4 männlich) mit SFS und einem Durchschnittsalter von 50,25 ± 10,96 Jahren sowie 20 nach Alter und Geschlecht gematchten Proband:innen wurden zunächst psychometrische Fragebögen (SOMS-7T, TAS-20, PHQ-D, PTSS-10) erhoben. Anschließend wurde den Studienteilnehmer:innen affektives Stimulusmaterial (Freude, Trauer, Wut) mit und ohne Maske präsentiert und die elektrophysiologische Aktivität mittels EEG aufgezeichnet. Die ereigniskorrelierten Potenziale P1, N170 und P2 wurden hinsichtlich der Amplitude und der Latenz vergleichend analysiert. Ergebnisse: Die mixed ANOVA von P2 in den Elektroden C3, C4 und Cz zeigte signifikante Ergebnisse (F = 3,48; p = 0,037) bei der Interaktion Gruppe x Emotion. Patient:innen zeigten im Mittel eine niedrigere P2 Amplitude nach wütenden Gesichtern (2,82 ± 1,85) im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe (3,55 ± 1,36). Des Weiteren zeigte sich in der mixed ANOVA bei der Interaktion Gruppe x Maske eine signifikant niedrigere P2 Amplitude (F = 5,35; p = 0,026) in der Kontrollgruppe nach Stimuluspräsentation mit (2,73 ± 1,27) versus ohne (3,55 ± 1,519) Maske. Im Gegensatz dazu führte die Stimuluspräsentation bei den Patient:innen zu keinen signifikanten Unterschieden im Vergleich mit (2,78 ± 1,92) versus ohne Maske (2,96 ± 1,74). P1 und N170 sowie die Latenzanalysen zeigten keine signifikanten Gruppenunterschiede. Schlussfolgerung: Zusammenfassend deuten die ERP-Analysen darauf hin, dass Patient:innen mit SFS die Emotion Wut schwächer verarbeiten. Im gesunden Kollektiv zeigen Masken einen deutlich dämpfenden Einfluss auf die Verarbeitung von Emotionen. Demgegenüber fällt dieser dämpfende Effekt von Masken bei den Patient:innen mit SFS wesentlich geringer aus.

Electroencephalography (EEG), which can intuitively monitor and record the discharge activities of neuronal groups in the brain, is a crucial scientific and clinical diagnostic technique in the field of neuroscience. EEG has been developed and innovated for nearly a century, and it offers advantages of non ⁃ invasiveness, convenience, real ⁃ time, and continuity. The rapid advancement and multidisciplinary integration of computer technology and other imaging techniques has led to the application of EEG technology in a wide range of areas, including epilepsy, sleep disorders, and critical care. The purpose of this article is to enhance clinical comprehension and implementation of EEG technology by reviewing its development history, clinical applications, and future prospects.

Introduction Individuals are exposed to various air pollutants every day, both when they are inside and when they are outside. Poor air quality can negatively impact an individual’s sleep quality, especially when the individual has been exposed to Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) which can adversely affect human health due to its ability to penetrate into a human body easily. Methods We examined how PM2.5 exposure impacts perceived sleep quality and sleep metrics. 11 individuals (7 Female, 4 Male) with an average age 34.18±10.24 years participated where each participant lived in a simulated one-bedroom apartment unit located in Rochester, MN for 20 nights in total over 4 weeks. Participants wore an EEG-based sleep headband (Dreem) to measure sleep metrics and completed surveys to assess perceived sleep quality and fatigue level each weekday after they woke up. Air quality including PM2.5 was monitored in the units from sensors and from the participants outside the units using a portable research grade air quality monitor paired with GPS. Total PM2.5 exposure was calculated each day by multiplying the PM2.5 concentration by 6 liter/min of inhalation rate and duration (min). We excluded nights with less than 5 hours of sleep duration. One participant who reported poor sleep quality over 70% of the time was also excluded. Results Participants had an average of 58.2μg±63.8 PM2.5 exposure during a day until they went to bed and 0.8μg±2.6 PM2.5 exposure during sleep. Because there was minimal night PM2.5 exposure, only the day exposure was correlated to sleep measures. There was no significant effect of PM2.5 exposure on sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, and total sleep time as measured from the Dreem headband. There was a modest but significant effect of PM2.5 on perceived sleep quality, as participants rated poorer sleep quality (r(141)=.17, p=.042) and higher fatigue levels (r(141)=.26, p=.002) the next morning. Conclusion These findings suggest acute PM2.5 exposure levels were not high enough to affect sleep metrics but did affect one’s perceived sleep. Future studies should examine longer period to assess whether there is a chronic effect of PM2.5 exposure on sleep. Support (if any)

Introduction Sleep quality is fundamental to our somatic and mental health. However, the relationship between subjective sleep quality and sleep architecture remains poorly understood. New wearable or minimally invasive technologies facilitate the recording of electroencephalography (EEG) with lower spatial resolution than standard EEG but much greater longitudinal dispersion. This enables investigation of day-to-day variation in sleep measured directly with EEG. This study will compare EEG-derived sleep parameters with covariates such as sustained attention and subjective sleep quality. Methods Twenty-five healthy adults were implanted with a two-channel subcutaneous EEG (sqEEG) lead. Twenty subjects completed the 1-year protocol (average 32±13 years of age). Their sqEEG signals were recorded each night for 1 year alongside a morning 3-minute Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) and self-reported sleep quality, which included Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). A deep learning model, U-Sleep, was fine-tuned on sqEEG with synchronized gold standard polysomnography used as ground truth. Hypnograms and sleep parameters were thus automatically calculated. Results Subjective sleep quality measured by KSS revealed a moderate negative correlation with rapid-eye-movement (REM) duration (r=-0.31, 95% CI=(-0.31, -0.31)), and total sleep time (TST) (r=-0.31, 95% CI=(-0.31, -0.31)). There was a moderate correlation between KSS and mean PVT reaction time (r=0.21, 95% CI=(0.21, 0.22)). There was a low negative correlation between PVT and TST (r=-0.1). Preliminary results indicate a moderate correlation between sleep parameters and subjective sleep quality. The correlations with PVT were lower, which suggests that 3-minute PVT is not sensitive to TST in normal sleep. However, the correlation between PVT and KSS suggests that PVT does predict subjective sleep quality, but to a smaller degree than standard sleep parameters. Conclusion Measuring day-to-day variation in high-quality EEG-based sleep recordings has the potential of creating a new branch in sleep medicine. Patients can be evaluated not only by findings in a single recording but the stability and variation of all findings can be analyzed. Preliminary results suggest that subjective sleep quality can be predicted directly from sqEEG and potentially be explained by behavioral factors in a subsequent cause-effect analysis. Support (if any) The project is supported by Innovation Fund Denmark, UNEEG medical, and T&W Engineering.

Objetivo do estudo: Propor um modelo do processo experimental para as pesquisas de neuromarketing que utilizam a eletroencefalografia (EEG).Metodologia: O modelo foi elaborado a partir da descrição metodológica dos 30 artigos encontrados sobre pesquisas em neuromarketingutilizando a ferramenta EEG nas bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus. Ele foi validado por dois especialistas da área que possuem grande conhecimento no uso desta ferramenta.Resultados: O modelo expõe as atividades que são realizadas no processo experimental de pesquisas de neuromarketingcom a EEG como: definição do problema, do objetivo, escolha e classificação das variáveis de pesquisa, definição do plano amostral, seleção dos participantes, elaboração do projeto a ser submetido ao Comitê de Ética, elaboração do termo de consentimento, explicação dos objetivos do estudo, exame clínico, entrevista, tratamento dos dados, análise da EEG, análise estatística, conclusão da pesquisa, dentre outras.Contribuições teórico-metodológicas: A principal contribuição do estudo é a possibilidade do modelo proposto ser utilizado por pesquisadores e empresas que utilizam esta ferramenta da neurociência (EEG), uma vez que, permite saber como é o processo experimental, quais as atividades são necessárias e em que ordem ocorrem, auxiliando-os na programação das atividades de pesquisa e na compreensão de cada atividade.Relevância / originalidade: Não há conhecimento na literatura ao pesquisar nas principais bases de dados como Web of Science, Scopuse Google Scholar de pesquisas que propuseram a modelagem do processo experimental para pesquisas de neuromarketing que utilizam a ferramenta EEG, de modo que este estudo é único.