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"Electronic media"
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Differential Relationships of Child Anxiety and Depression to Child Report and Parent Report of Electronic Media Use
Child depression and anxiety have been associated with electronic media use, but the comorbidity between the two has rarely been accounted for in analyses. We examined both child and parent reports of electronic media use in relation to parent-reported child depression and anxiety. Using survey and interview data collected for 9- to 11-year-olds from the 21-site adolescent brain cognitive development study, we conducted generalized linear mixed models. Our results demonstrated that electronic media use was more strongly associated with depression than anxiety, and that accounting for depression significantly reduced the relationship between electronic media use and anxiety. Different categories of electronic media showed differential relationships to anxiety and depression, with video gaming and video chatting related to anxiety, but video watching related to depression. These findings provide important data to ground theories of the mechanisms that contribute to these associations.
Journal Article
The republic of games : textual culture between old books and new media
\"The Republic of Games examines the fate of the models of print culture in an age of digitization. Drawing on methods from social-text analysis, platform studies, and game studies, the book examines the digital practice of imbricating game mechanics into other kinds of activities and the effects that these mechanics have had on specific textual communities. It shows that embedding game structures into the operations of digital platforms--even when doing so begins with the addition of a few small mechanics--has large cumulative effects on textual ecosystems. The book also intervenes in discussions of voluntary labor online. In the decades since Richard Barbrook first gave a name to \"hi-tech gift culture,\" media scholars have often appealed to the gift as a framework for understanding free exchange online. The Republic of Games shows that some of the most popular online platforms for the free production of texts utilize game mechanics, which, in combination with higher-order systems of play that users build atop these platforms, can have powerful effects on amateur literary production online. The chapters follow a general thematic progression: the first two chapters examine creators of digital platforms, who are in a privileged position to register changes in the material conditions of textuality online. The third chapter examines amateur writing communities, who build higher-order systems from the mechanics they're given. The final chapter focuses on scholars, who must reconcile their efforts to gain critical distance from the new system with their own structural subordination within it.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Unrestricted prevalence of sedentary behaviors from early childhood
Background
Light and sedentary behaviors impose heavy challenges on societies. The objectives of this study are to identify child sedentary behaviors, and to examine the relationship between parent knowledge and behavioral style on children’s sedentary time in Iran.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was done among children and their parents selected randomly using multi-stage method, from 12 urban districts in Tabriz, Iran;2017. Data were collected through designing a multi-sectional questionnaire adopted from the Bjelland and previous studies to assess the time spent on sedentary behaviors among children/adolescents along with parent knowledge and behavioral style.
Results
From 480 children/adolescents and their parents 54.6% came from middle class families, and 55.62% were boys aged 2 to18. The percentage of time spent more than 120 min per day (min/d) on weekdays was for watching television (TV): (girls 24.4%, boys 21.0%), for playing computer and video games: (girls 38.7%, boys 54.7%), for electronic media communication (EMC): (girls 52.8%, boys 60.2%). The associated factors for watching TV: child age [12 years and above OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 0.53–3.54], parent knowledge [OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.35–0.99], and communicative styles [OR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.11–1.86], and for playing computer and EMC: child age [5 years old and above OR = 4.83,95% CI =1.52–15.38, 12 years old and above OR = 13.76, 95% CI= 4.22–24.91], family socio-economic status [middle class OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.54–4.11, high class OR = 5.53, 95%CI = 1.80–15.89].
Conclusion
There is an urgent need to combat the unrestricted prevalence of sedentary behaviors among Iranian children/ adolescents who use computers and other electronic devices more than the recommended time every day from early childhood.
Parents should be provided with appropriate information about adverse effects of using electronic devices longer than recommended time by children. It is also essential to teach them beneficial communicative styles to monitor their children’s sedentary behaviors.
Journal Article
Contemporary Agreement Law Discussing Electronic Agreements in Electronic Media Transactions on The Aspect of Their Legitimacy
This study analyzes the validity of the electronic agreement. The purpose of this study specifically will dissect and analyze aspects of the agreement in the Civil Code and explore the legality of electronic agreements in the practice of electronic media transactions. The research method used is normative juridical research, because in parsing and discussing the use of applicable regulatory instruments along with library materials as primary sources in research, the research approach is by taking a statutory approach, by looking at the phenomenon of technological developments, it is also necessary to look at the regulatory instruments by analyzing regulations related to contract law according to positive law as the foundation in conducting electronic agreement practices. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the electronic agreement already has adequate legal instruments. 19 of 2016 concerning information and electronic transactions. Therefore, the legal structure used to make electronic agreements can be applied in Indonesia, although in the author's opinion, there are still some regulatory improvements in the midst of the development of virtual transactions in order to provide legal certainty to the public.
Journal Article
The WTO, the Internet and Trade in Digital Products
The rapid development of the Internet has led to a growing potential for electronic trade in digital content like movies, music and software. As a result, there is a need for a global trade framework applicable to such digitally-delivered content products. Yet, digital trade is currently not explicitly recognised by the trade rules and obligations of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This study provides a complete analysis of the related challenges in the ongoing WTO Doha Negotiations to remedy this state of affairs. It elaborates on the required measures in the multilateral negotiations to achieve market access for digital content and examines the obstacles that lie on the path to reach consensus between the United States and the European Communities. Negotiation parameters analysed include the current US and EC regulatory approach to audiovisual and information society services and the evolution of their applicable trade policy jurisdiction. Finally, this examination takes stock of how the Doha Negotiations and parallel US-driven preferential trade agreement have so far contributed to securing free trade in digital content. As new technologies are an increasingly prominent source of trade dispute, this book is an assessment of how WTO Members can maintain the relevance of the multilateral trade framework in a changing technological and economic environment. “This important work highlights the missed opportunity in on-going global trade talks — the failure to pursue a free trade framework for digitally delivered content. If not corrected, one can readily imagine the rise of discriminatory barriers to digital trade of the type that have dogged global trade flows for years, and a failed recognition by the WTO of the reality of modern commerce. The WTO should, as the author argues, put a “spotlight” on electronic trade, and move forward in a comprehensive fashion.” Ambassador Charlene Barshefsky, Former United States Trade Representative “Wunsch-Vincent provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges to establish a liberal trade regime for trade in digital products. This book will become an important point-of-reference for anybody interested in e-commerce and the WTO.” Carlos A. Primo Braga, Senior Adviser, International Trade Department, The World Bank
eBook
Philippine Digital Cultures
Social media platforms have been pivotal in redefining the conduct of contemporary society. Amid the proliferation of a range of new and ubiquitous online platforms, YouTube, a video-based platform, remains a key driver in the democratisation of creative, playful, vernacular, intimate, as well as political expressions. As a critical node of contemporary communication and digital cultures, its steady uptake and appropriation in a social media-savvy nation such as the Philippines requires a critical examination of its role in the continued reconstruction of identities, communities, and broader social institutions. This book closely analyses the diverse content and practices of amateur Filipino YouTubers, exposing and problematising the dynamics of brokering the contested aspirational logics of beauty and selfhood, interracial relationships, world-class labour, and progressive governance in a digital sphere. Ultimately, Philippine Digital Cultures: Brokerage Dynamics on YouTube offers a fresh, compelling, and nuanced account of YouTube as an important site for the mediation of culture, economy, and politics in Philippine postcolonial modernity amid rapid economic globalisation and digitalisation.
eBook