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Microorganisms are highly resistant to the antibiotics that are commonly used and thus are becoming serious public health problem. There is an urgent need for new approaches to monitor microbial behavior, and hence, nanomaterial can be a very promising solution. Nanotechnology has led to generation of novel antimicrobial agents such as gold, silver, zinc, copper, poly-£-lysine, iron, and chitosan which have shown remarkable potential, demonstrating their applicability as proficient antibiotic agents against various pathogenic bacterial species. The antimicrobial nanoproduct physically kills the organism’s cell membranes that prevent the production of drug-resistant microorganisms. These nanosized particles can also be used as diagnostic agents, targeted drug delivery vehicle, noninvasive imaging technologies, and in vivo visual monitoring of tumors angiogenesis. These nanomaterials provide a promising platform for diagnostics, prognostic, drug delivery, and treatment of diseases by means of nanoengineered products/devices. This owes to their small size, prolonged antimicrobial efficacy with insignificant toxicity creating less environmental hazard or toxicity. Scientists address several problems such as health, bioethical problems, toxicity risks, physiological, and pharmaceutical concerns related with the usage of NPs as antimicrobial agents as current research lack adequate data and information on the safe use of certain tools and materials.

Coastal megacity like Shanghai is continuously challenged with natural-anthropogenic geo-environmental hazards and risks which possess high correlations between land subsidence (LS), socio-economic development, current and future underground space development (UUS). This research focuses on comprehensive evaluation geo-environmental risks and scenario spatial planning model towards economic impact (EI) resilience of UUS the context of large subsidence hazard prone coastal megacity. Newly established factors are used as indicators to understand the relations and scenario prediction by 2035. The cause-effect relations are analysed via structural equation modelling (SEM), spatiotemporal and scenario spatial modelling in ArcGIS platform based on the secondary big open multisource data. Spatiotemporal pattern basis between year 1960–2020 and urban planning growth theories, results indicate expansion of subsidence and UUS in parallel with economic impact from city centre to new five suburb districts by 2035 with prediction of 75% of areas in medium to high hazard risk assessment category areas. This research can be referred to coastal megacities with land subsidence issues for economic resilient multidisciplinary geo-environmental hazard management, UUS development and urban planning policies formulation.

Pesticides play a critical role in terms of agricultural output nowadays. On top of that, pesticides provide economic support to our farmers. However, the usage of pesticides has created a public health issue and environmental hazard. Chlorpyrifos (CPY), an organophosphate pesticide, is extensively applied as an insecticide, acaricide, and termiticide against pests in various applications. Environmental pollution has occurred because of the widespread usage of CPY, harming several ecosystems, including soil, sediment, water, air, and biogeochemical cycles. While residual levels in soil, water, vegetables, foodstuffs, and human fluids have been discovered, CPY has also been found in the sediment, soil, and water. The irrefutable pieces of evidence indicate that CPY exposure inhibits the choline esterase enzyme, which impairs the ability of the body to use choline. As a result, neurological, immunological, and psychological consequences are seen in people and the natural environment. Several research studies have been conducted worldwide to identify and develop CPY remediation approaches and its derivatives from the environment. Currently, many detoxification methods are available for pesticides, such as CPY. However, recent research has shown that the breakdown of CPY using bacteria is the most proficient, cost-effective, and sustainable. This current article aims to outline relevant research events, summarize the possible breakdown of CPY into various compounds, and discuss analytical summaries of current research findings on bacterial degradation of CPY and the potential degradation mechanism.

Hazards such as mold, pests, radon, carbon monoxide and poor indoor air quality are associated with a number of negative health outcomes, including respiratory and cardiovascular disease, exacerbation of asthma symptoms, lung cancer and death. To assess the landscape of available Medicare and Medicaid benefits that could help to address environmental health hazards, the authors reviewed service definitions from § 1915(c) waivers, health related social needs § 1115 waivers, Medicare managed care supplemental benefits, and Medicaid eligibility and needs assessment tools. While environmental hazard remediation benefits are somewhat limited and inconsistent in scope in Medicare and Medicaid, the recognition of the importance of these benefits is growing within these programs. Medicaid waiver programs in a majority of reviewed states offered some access to pest eradication, and about half of recently approved § 1115 waivers included assistance with mold, pest removal, and air filtration or air conditioners.

Environmental pollution is a major problem in China, subjecting people to significant health risk. Surprisingly little is known, though, about how these risks are distributed spatially or socially. Drawing on a large-scale survey conducted in Beijing in 2013, we examine how environmental hazards and health, as perceived by residents, are distributed at a fine (subdistrict) scale in urban Beijing and investigate the association between hazards, health, and geographical context. A Bayesian spatial multilevel logistic model is developed to account for spatial dependence in unobserved contextual influences (neighborhood effects) on health. The results reveal robust associations between exposure to environmental hazards and health. A unit decrease on a five-point Likert scale in exposure is associated with increases of 15.2 percent (air pollution), 17.5 percent (noise), and 9.3 percent (landfills) in the odds of reporting good health, with marginal groups including migrant workers reporting greater exposure. Health inequality is also evident and is associated with age, income, educational attainment, and housing characteristics. Geographical context (neighborhood features like local amenities) also plays a role in shaping the social distribution of health inequality. The results are discussed in the context of developing environmental justice policy within a Chinese social market system that experiences tension between its egalitarian roots and its pragmatic approach to tackling grand public policy challenges.

Tannery effluents contain a diverse blend of chemical, physical, and biological pollutants that threaten environmental quality and public health. This study offers a comprehensive evaluation of pollution profile and associated health risks resulting from untreated tannery wastewater discharges in Naraguta area of Jos, Nigeria. A total of 84 surface water samples were collected over a course of one year. Samples were examined for major physicochemical parameters (like pH, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, total solids, Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD 5 , and Chemical Oxygen Demand COD) according to American Public Health Association (APHA) and World Health Organization (WHO) methods. Heavy metals (iron and chromium) were also measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), while levels of nutrients (nitrate, sulfate, chloride, and total nitrogen) were analyzed through spectrophotometric and titrimetric methods. Microbial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and helminth eggs ( Ascaris lumbricoides , Hookworm , Trichuris trichiura , and Strongyloides stercoralis ) were detected through multiple-tube fermentation and parasitological concentration methods. Pollution was quantified using established indices, including Geo-Accumulation Index (I_geo), Environmental Hazard Index (EHI), and Pollution Load Index (PLI), using National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) and World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values serving as reference standards. Pollution Index (PI) values were 3-6 times over permissible levels. Contamination Index (CI) rated samples taken from stations downstream were highly polluted based on the cumulative impacts of several contaminants. Geo-Accumulation Index (I_geo), for chromium was as high as 5.06, reflecting “very strong pollution,” while I_geo, for turbidity (3.3) and colour (3.6) reflected a significant anthropogenic contribution. Health hazards were measured by the Health Risk Index (HRI) model, which included Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and Reference Dose (RfD) models to predict ingestion-based pathways of exposure. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed three principal components that accounted for 85.9% of the total variance, indicating both industrial (anthropogenic) and microbial origins of contamination. These results emphasize the pressing ecological and public health risks posed by ineffective tannery waste management. The study calls for an immediate implementation of stricter effluent discharge controls, investment in modern wastewater treatment systems, and establishment of continuous environmental monitoring programs to prevent long-term exposure and degradation.

Shaanxi Province is located in the most important molybdenum ore district in the world, but a lot of molybdenum tailings have been released, polluting the environment and wasting resources seriously. Taking eleven tailing samples collected at the main molybdenum tailings ponds in Shaanxi Province as the research object, the physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics were studied through scanning electron microscope, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, and others. The ecological risk and utilization potential of molybdenum tailings were investigated through leaching test, geo-accumulation index, potential ecological risk assessment, and other methods. The results demonstrated that the main chemical and mineralogical composition of various molybdenum tailings in Shaanxi Province is similar, and the predominant mineral composition is muscovite, quartz, microcline, and calcite. The potential ecological risk of heavy metals in six molybdenum tailings is high, while Pb and Cd are the main pollution risk elements. Molybdenum tailings contain considerable amounts of critical minerals with huge potential economic value, and molybdenum tailings with high environmental hazards could be converted into a possible source for critical minerals by recovering the critical minerals and repurposing the secondary tailings as an additive or cement substitute. This study provides an innovative idea for the pollution treatment of molybdenum tailings and indicates the prospect of molybdenum tailings as a secondary source for critical minerals.

Microplastics are a widespread environmental hazard and their impact on human health has become a growing concern in last years. Recently, the potential role of microplastics in the development of various diseases, including diabetes, has been highlighted. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PET microplastics on the pancreas using immature pigs as a model organism. We analyzed the global transcriptomic profile of the pancreas by RNA-Seq in piglets treated with either a low (0.1 g/day) or a high dose (1 g/day) of PET microplastics for 4 weeks. The analysis revealed a dose-dependent effect of PET microplastics on gene expression. A low dose changed the expression of one gene, while a high dose affected the expression of 86 genes. The differentially expressed genes, including immune cell markers, cytokines and chemokines, may activate the immune system in the pancreas in a way that is characteristic of the pathogenesis of diabetes. In addition, PET microplastics induced oxidative stress in the pancreas. These above imply that oral exposure to PET microplastics could be a new risk factor for the development of diabetes.

Frailty is a common geriatric condition associated with increased risks of falls, disability, and functional decline. Identifying modifiable factors, including home environmental hazards, may support frailty prevention and healthy aging among community-dwelling older adults. This study aimed to describe home environmental hazard levels across different frailty states and to examine their association with frailty among community-dwelling older adults in southern Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 98 older adults aged 60 years and above residing in Tha Sala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. Frailty status was assessed using the Thai Frailty Screening Tool and categorized as non-frail, pre-frail, or frail. Home environmental hazards were evaluated using the Thai Home Falls Hazards Assessment Tool (Thai-HFHAT). Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between home hazard scores and frailty status, adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), education level, marital status, and comorbidity. Most participants across all frailty states lived in nonhazardous home environments. Higher home environmental hazard scores tended to be associated with more severe frailty status; however, this association did not reach statistical significance after adjustment. Education level was significantly associated with frailty, whereas age, gender, BMI, marital status, and comorbidity were not. Home environmental hazard levels vary across frailty states and may contribute to frailty vulnerability among older adults. Incorporating home hazard screening into community-based health assessments may support frailty prevention strategies and aging-in-place initiatives.

Background The Southern Suez Canal Province (SSCP) has recently encountered hydro-environmental hazards such as water logging and soil salinization, both of which impede the efficient land use planning. Purpose This study aims to assess the hydro-environmental threats to SSCP and identify the key factors that contribute to their occurrence. Previous research has demonstrated that the Gulf of Suez Rifting-related tectonic movements have a significant impact on the entire SSCP region. The influence of tectonic setting on the development of hydro-environmental dangers was not examined in almost any studies. Methods Remote sensing, GIS, hydrogeological, and geophysical techniques are used to identify and assess topographic, hydrogeological, and tectonic variables that affect hydro-environmental hazards in the SSCP. Results This study found that the distributions of water logging, saturated soil salinization, urban areas, and vegetation cover changed more dramatically between 1984 and 2015. The expansion of water logging area (+10.68 km 2 rating +0.35 km 2 /y), saturated saline soil (+24.40 km 2 rating +0.79 km 2 /y), and urbanized area (+58.43 km 2 rating +1.89 km 2 /y) is strongly associated to the expansion of vegetation cover (+188.13 km 2 at a rate of 6.07 km 2 /y). This could imply that growing agricultural expansion and urbanization are influencing the dominance of hydro-environmental hazards in SSCP. The distribution of water logging features identified on the land cover map corresponds closely to a buried horst structure dominating the middle part of the surveyed area. Conclusion The lowland water logging features of the SSCP provide support for the hypothesis that the buried horst structure that dominates the Miocene and pre-Miocene strata has an impact on the thickness and groundwater flow regime of the quaternary aquifer that lies above. The present study came to the conclusion that the shallow depth of groundwater, the vast expanse of newly cultivated lands, the impervious clay layer beneath the thin topsoil layer, and the low topography are the key factors influencing the development of water logging and soil salinization features in SSCP.