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"Forensic Linguistics"
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Language and the Law
Language and the Law: Global Perspectives in Forensic Linguistics from Africa and beyond is the third volume in a series of books designed to contribute and respond to growing interest in forensic linguistics or language and the law on the African continent. Drawing mostly on contexts where traditional African laws and Western laws are practised side-by-side, and where there are discontinuities between local knowledge systems, belief systems and language practices on the one hand, and official languages of law discourse, conceptualisation and jurisprudence documentation on the other, the chapters in this volume problematise, among other issues, the mediation practices (or lack thereof) of language and legal processes, discourse strategies and complexities in (mis)interpretations in second language court contexts and the miscarriage of justice that these may entail.
eBook
Linguistic fingerprints : how language creates and reveals identity
\"How much of ourselves do we disclose when we speak or write? A person's accent may reveal, for example, whether they hail from Australia, or Ireland, or Mississippi. But it's not just where we were born-we divulge all sorts of information about ourselves and our identity through language. Level of education, gender, age, and even aspects of our personality can all be reliably determined by our vocabulary and grammar. To those who know what to look for, we give ourselves away every time we open our mouths or tap on a keyboard. But how unique is a person's linguistic identity? Can language be used to identify a specific person? To identify-or to exonerate-a murder suspect? To determine who authored a particular book? The answer to all these questions is yes. Forensic and computational linguists have developed methods that allow linguistic fingerprinting to be used in law enforcement. Similar techniques are used by literary scholars to identify the authors of anonymous or contested works of literature. Many people have heard that linguistic analysis helped to catch the Unabomber, or to unmask an anonymous editorialist-but how is it done? Linguistic Fingerprints will explain how these methods were developed and how they are used to solve forensic and literary mysteries. But these techniques aren't perfect, and the book will also include some cautionary tales about mistaken linguistic identity\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Linguistics
The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Linguistics offers a comprehensive survey of the subdiscipline of Forensic Linguistics, with this new edition providing both updated overviews from leading figures in the field and exciting new contributions from the next generation of forensic linguists.
The Handbook is a unique work of reference to the leading ideas, debates, topics, approaches and methodologies in forensic linguistics and language and the law. It comprises 43 chapters, including entirely new contributions from many international experts, in the areas of Aboriginal claimants, appraisal and stance, author identities online, biased language in capital trials, corpus approaches, false confessions, forensic phonetics, forensic transcription, the historical courtroom, legal interpretation, multilingual law, police crisis negotiation, speaker profiling, and trolling. The chapters include a wealth of examples and case studies so the reader can see forensic linguistics applied and in action.
Edited and authored by the world's leading academics and practitioners, The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Linguistics is a vital resource for advanced students, researchers and scholars, and will also be of interest to legal, law enforcement and security professionals.
eBook
Sequencing statements: using behaviour sequence analysis with statement analysis to indicate deception
PurposeUnderstanding when an individual is being deceptive is an important part of police and criminal investigations. While investigators have developed multiple methods, the research literature has yet to fully explore some of the newer applied techniques. This study aims to investigate statement analysis, a recent approach in forensic linguistic analysis that has been applied to criminal investigations.Design/methodology/approachReal-world statements of individuals exposed as deceptive or truthful were used in the analyses. A behaviour sequence analysis approach is used to provide a timeline analysis of the individuals’ statements.FindingsResults indicate that sequential patterns are different in deceptive statements compared to truthful statements. For example, deceptive statements were more likely to include vague words and temporal lacunas, to convince investigators into believing that the suspect was not present when the crime occurred. The sample in this research did not use one deceptive indicator, instead, electing to frequently change the order of deceptive indicators. Gaps in deception were also noted, and there was common repetition found in both the deceptive and truthful statements. While gaps are predicted to occur in truthful statements to reflect an absence of deception, gaps occurring in the deceptive statements are likely due to cognitive load.Originality/valueThe current research provides more support for using statement analysis in real-world criminal cases.
Journal Article
A Method of Parametric Modeling in Forensic Linguistics
The paper contains a substantiation of the method of parametric modeling used in forensic linguistics. An expert analysis procedure is described as an algorithm for evaluating texts using a closed list of parameters by standard formulas. Parametrization is the modeling of a process or phenomenon includes such items as features of a phenomenon (process), normative (prototypical) forms of each of the phenomenon features (process) manifestation, manifestation variation range which does not destroy phenomenon (process) identity. Legal risk parametrization in communication is carried out by building a parametric forensic-linguistic model of the offense. This model consists of the following components: the parameter code, parameters' list for identifying verbal offense signs, each parameter identifying verbal offense signs qualitative manifestations, each parameter identifying verbal offense signs quantitative manifestations, each parameter identifying offense verbal signs qualification indices, all identification parameters offense verbal signs indices qualification sum. A parametric model is developed on the appeal speech act example; it allows building an expert analysis algorithm that can be checked and reproduced. According to this model, we can observe the presense or the lack of linguistic offense signs under Art. 280 of the Russian Federation Criminal Code (public appeal for extremist activity). In the analysis of the call for one and verbal manifestations of extremism, a classification of calls based on the characteristics relevant to forensic linguistic expertise is proposed.
Journal Article
New Frontiers in Forensic Linguistics
The field of forensic linguistics is a niche area that has not enjoyed much participation from the African continent. The theme of language and the law in this book is one that straddles two important aspects of the legal history of South Africa in particular, and how it has impacted on the country’s legal and education systems. The declaration, by the United Nations, of 2019 as ‘The International Year of Indigenous Languages’ is opportune, not only for the launch of this book, but for what its research content tells us of the strides taken in ensuring access to justice for all citizens of the world in a language they understand. The contributions by authors in this book tell the story of many African citizens, and those hailing from beyond our borders, who straddle the challenges of linguistic and legal pluralism in courtrooms across their respective countries. It is our hope that the contributions made in this book will assist in ensuring human rights become a reality for global citizens where indigenous voices have not been heard; and that these citizens will be free to give their testimonies in a language of their choice, and that they may be heard and understood.
eBook
New Challenges in Forensic and Legal Linguistics
Applied linguistics has experienced significant growth in the domains of justice, security, and law. The development of forensic and legal linguistics varies across legal contexts and depends on the relationships between universities and institutions, prompting critical considerations within applied linguistics. This Special Issue gathers pertinent contributions on the current state of forensic linguistics, documents potential outcomes and contexts of study and collaboration, and emphasizes future challenges for the discipline. Researchers present recent advancements, particularly those linked to contemporary cases, explore new research avenues, and discuss the diversity of theories and methodologies employed. Various approaches—including corpus linguistics, discourse analysis, pragmatics, and terminology—are utilized, and examining their issues and implications from an applied perspective proves beneficial. This Special Issue encompasses a range of topics, including forensic linguistics, authorship attribution, language and law, language as evidence, courtroom and police interview discourses, and cyberviolence.
Publication
Creating language crimes : how law enforcement uses (and misuses) language
This book describes and illustrates eleven powerful conversational strategies used by undercover police officers and cooperating witnesses who secretly tape-record targets in criminal investigations. Twelve actual criminal case studies are used as examples. These strategies creating illusion of guilt include the apparently deliberate use of semantic ambiguity, blocking the targets’ words (by creating static on the tape, interrupting them, speaking on their behalf, and manipulating the off/on switch); rapidly changing the subject before targets can respond (the “hit and run” strategy); contaminating the tape with irrelevant information that can make targets appear to be guilty; camouflaging illegality by making actions appear to be legal; isolating targets from important information that they need in order to make informed choices; inaccurately restating things the target has said; withholding crucial information from targets; lying to targets about critical information; and scripting targets in what to say on tape. These conversational strategies gain power from the fact that the targets do not know that they are being recorded, and often let things go right by them during the discourse. Nor do they know that the real audience of the conversations consists of later jury listeners, who do not know the full context of these conversations. Unlike everyday, unrecorded conversation, the most critical listening takes place at a future time and under very different circumstances. It is shown that undercover officers and their cooperating witnesses make use of essentially the same conversational strategies.
eBook
LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS ON TRIAL: HEARING RACHEL JEANTEL (AND OTHER VERNACULAR SPEAKERS) IN THE COURTROOM AND BEYOND
Rachel Jeantel was the leading prosecution witness when George Zimmerman was tried for killing Trayvon Martin, but she spoke in African American Vernacular English (AAVE) and her crucial testimony was dismissed as incomprehensible and not credible. The disregard for her speech in court and the media is familiar to vernacular speakers and puts Linguistics itself on trial: following Saussure, how do we dispel such 'prejudices' and 'fictions'? We show that Jeantel speaks a highly systematic AAVE, with possible Caribbean influence. We also discuss voice quality and other factors that bedeviled her testimony, including dialect unfamiliarity and institutionalized racism. Finally, we suggest strategies for linguists to help vernacular speakers be better heard in courtrooms and beyond.
Journal Article