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The hidden world of the fox
The fox. For thousands of years myth and folklore have celebrated its cunning intelligence. Today the red fox is nature's most populous carnivore, its dancing orange tail a common sight in backyards. Yet who is this wild neighbor, truly? How do we negotiate this uneasy new chapter of an ancient relationship? Join British ecologist Adele Brand on a journey to discover the surprising secrets of the fabled fox, the familiar yet enigmatic creature that has adapted to the human world with astonishing--some say, unsettling--success.
Book
PAN-calderonismo: lecciones históricas ante una década de conflictos
El texto analiza algunas lecciones en anteriores disputas panistas, identifica cómo se gestó la crisis de 2018, explora la escisión de Margarita Zavala y la posterior creación de la organización México Libre y, tras la polémica negativa de registro, el apoyo calderonista a la coalición Va por México. Con ello la democracia mexicana transitó hacia un juego de tres fuerzas principales, lo que modificaría la relación con el gobierno hacia la \"cooperación limitada\"9, y comienza un periodo denominado de concertación o \"concertacesión\", que finalmente traería la reforma electoral que crearía el Código Federal de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales (Cofipe), el Instituto Federal Electoral (IFE) y el Tribunal Federal Electoral (Trife), así como la aceptación del financiamiento público (Reynoso, 2019; Paoli Bolio, 2016; Shirk, 2005). Otorgando mayor peso a grupos estatales a través de la Comisión Permanente del Consejo Nacional (El Universal, 2013). La mayor disputa ha estado en el control del padrón a través del Registro Nacional de Militantes (RNM)17.
Journal Article
Revealing Reynard : a 12,000-Year Cultural Biography of Human-Fox Interactions
The red fox (Vulpes vulpes L. 1758) is one of the largest wild carnivores in England. It is a familiar animal that is associated with 'slyness' and 'cleverness' in general linguistic usage and evokes strong positive and negative emotional responses. This thesis presents the first holistic study of the long-term history of human-fox interactions in England from the Mesolithic to the Modern period (ending in 1950). Situated within the 'animal turn' and placing a focus on zooarchaeological material, I take an interdisciplinary approach to understand how relationships between humans and foxes changed through time. Specifically, I ask whether changing ideas and social phenomena (such as domestication, Christianity and urbanisation) influenced perceptions of the red fox in England and whether a deep-time understanding of our relationships with foxes can inform understanding of contemporary human-fox relationships. To answer these questions, published zooarchaeological evidence and historical sources from England were collated and analysed, and supplemented by primary analysis of zooarchaeological material from Roman sites. Integration of these three strands of evidence highlights a greater complexity of human-fox relationships than has hitherto been acknowledged in zooarchaeological interpretations. While foxes had a diverse significance in all periods, a few key changes through time can be charted: the frequency of foxes occurring in archaeological assemblages decreases through time; their significance within medicine declines in the Early Modern period; and their value as a hunting target for sport increases. Significant continuities include the perception of the fox as 'sly' and 'cunning' as well its inedibility. Their significance as a fur-bearing animal, often highlighted in zooarchaeological interpretations, could not be confirmed.
Dissertation
Widespread Exposure to Mosquitoborne California Serogroup Viruses in Caribou, Arctic Fox, Red Fox, and Polar Bears, Canada
Northern Canada is warming at 3 times the global rate. Thus, changing diversity and distribution of vectors and pathogens is an increasing health concern. California serogroup (CSG) viruses are mosquitoborne arboviruses; wildlife reservoirs in northern ecosystems have not been identified. We detected CSG virus antibodies in 63% (95% CI 58%-67%) of caribou (n = 517), 4% (95% CI 2%-7%) of Arctic foxes (n = 297), 12% (95% CI 6%-21%) of red foxes (n = 77), and 28% (95% CI 24%-33%) of polar bears (n = 377). Sex, age, and summer temperatures were positively associated with polar bear exposure; location, year, and ecotype were associated with caribou exposure. Exposure was highest in boreal caribou and increased from baseline in polar bears after warmer summers. CSG virus exposure of wildlife is linked to climate change in northern Canada and sustained surveillance could be used to measure human health risks.
Journal Article
Genomic responses to selection for tame/aggressive behaviors in the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Animal domestication efforts have led to a shared spectrum of striking behavioral and morphological changes. To recapitulate this process, silver foxes have been selectively bred for tame and aggressive behaviors for more than 50 generations at the Institute for Cytology and Genetics in Novosibirsk, Russia. To understand the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotypic changes, we profiled gene expression levels and coding SNP allele frequencies in two brain tissue specimens from 12 aggressive foxes and 12 tame foxes. Expression analysis revealed 146 genes in the prefrontal cortex and 33 genes in the basal forebrain that were differentially expressed, with a 5% false discovery rate (FDR). These candidates include genes in key pathways known to be critical to neurologic processing, including the serotonin and glutamate receptor pathways. In addition, 295 of the 31,000 exonic SNPs show significant allele frequency differences between the tame and aggressive populations (1% FDR), including genes with a role in neural crest cell fate determination.
Journal Article
Foxes
\"This easy-to-read nonfiction story tells a \"night in the life\" of a fox, from waking up, to how they find food and take care of babies, to going back to sleep when the sun comes up\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Predator awareness training improves survival of released critically endangered western ringtail possums, pseudocheirus occidentalis
We provided predator awareness training to a group of captive-raised western ringtail possums (
Pseudocheirus occidentalis
), a critically endangered arboreal marsupial, to assess their learning capacity and test if predator awareness improved survival after release into the wild. Fifteen out of 29 captively raised individuals undertook three training sessions, during which they were placed in an enclosure with a taxidermic fox (
Vulpes vulpes
) and fox urine, while producing loud noises to frighten the animal. In addition, in the third session, the fox was also placed on wheels to make it move. All individuals were released in Yalgorup National Park (Western Australia) and radio tracked for three months. Two individuals from the control group and two from the trained group were excluded from the analyses, therefore the resulting sample consisted of 25 possums. Fox awareness training improved survival rate: 10 of 13 trained and 3 of 12 untrained possums were still alive three months after release (χ
2
= 6.740,
N
= 25, df = 1,
p
= 0.009). Fox predation was confirmed in two animals, both of which had not received the training. Our results show that possums can learn and be taught to fear foxes to improve the success of their translocations.
Journal Article