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"GOVERNMENT MILITARY RELATIONS"
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The absent dialogue : politicians, bureaucrats, and the military in India
\"Civilian control over the military is widely hailed as among the biggest successes of India's democracy. This is a rarity, especially among post-colonial states, and is rightfully celebrated. But has this come at a cost? In The Absent Dialogue, Anit Mukherjee argues that the pattern of civil-military relations in India has hampered its military effectiveness. Indian politicians and bureaucrats have long been content with the formal and ritualistic exercise of civilian control, while the military continues to operate in institutional silos, with little substantive engagement between the two. In making this claim, the book closely examines the variables most closely associated with military effectiveness -- weapons procurement, jointness (the ability of separate military services to operate together), officer education, promotion policies, and defense planning. India's pattern of civil-military relations -- best characterized as an absent dialogue -- adversely affects each of these processes. Theoretically, the book adopts the 'unequal dialogue' framework proposed by Eliot Cohen but also argues that, under some conditions, patterns of civil-military relations maybe more closely resemble an 'absent dialogue.' Informed by more than a hundred and fifty interviews and recently available archival material, the book represents a deep dive into understanding the power and the limitations of the Indian military. It sheds new light on India's military history and is essential reading for understanding contemporary civil-military relations and recurring problems therein. While the book focuses on India, it also highlights the importance of civilian expertise and institutional design in enhancing civilian control and military effectiveness in other democracies\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Ethnic Politics of Coup Avoidance: Evidence from Zambia and Uganda
Though military interventions seem endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, more than a third of all countries have been able to avoid military coups. To solve this puzzle, this article relates the likelihood of military coups to the degree of ethnic congruence between civilian and military leaders, arguing that coup avoidance is most likely when government and army either exhibit the same ethnic bias or are both ethnically balanced. This argument is illustrated by a comparison of the diverging experiences of Zambia and Uganda. While Zambia is among Africa’s coup-free countries, Uganda’s vulnerability to military intervention has varied over time – with four coups under Obote and the Uganda National Liberation Front (UNLF) but no coups under Amin and Museveni. Drawing on original longitudinal data on the ethnic distribution of political and military posts, the article shows that the absence of military coups in Zambia goes back to the balanced composition of government and army. In Uganda, coup avoidance under Amin and Museveni can be linked to the fact that government and army exhibited the same ethnic bias, whereas the coups against the Obote and UNLF regimes reflected either ethnic incongruence between civilian and military leaders or the destabilising combination of a similarly polarised government and army.
Journal Article
Empires of mud : war and warlords of Afghanistan
'Empires of Mud' analyses the dynamics of warlordism in Afghanistan. It analyses aspects of the Afghan environment that might have been conductive to the fragmentation of central authority and the emergence of warlords and then accounts for the emergence of warlordism in the 1980s.
Book
الانتشار العسكري الأمريكي في أفريقيا: الدوافع و الرهانات
هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن الانتشار العسكرى الأمريكى في أفريقيا من حيث الدوافع والرهانات. وقسمت الدراسة إلى محورين. أشار المحور الأول إلى بيان الاهتمام الأمريكي بالقارة الأفريقية وأسبابه، فتميزت فترة النظام الدولى الجديد ببداية التفكير في فتح صفحة جديدة من العلاقات مع القارة الأفريقية لعدة أسباب منها، النظام الدولى الجديد وملامح السياسة الخارجية الأمريكية اتجاه أفريقيا، ودوافع الاهتمام الأمريكى بالقارة الأفريقية من حيث احتواء النفوذين الفرنسي والصينى في القارة الأفريقية، والرغبة في الاستفادة من الخيرات الأفريقية. كما تحدث المحور الثانى عن ما بعد 11سبتمبر والمتغيرات الاستراتيجية الجديدة من حيث مواجهة التهديدات الإرهابية الجديدة، والقيادة العسكرية الأمريكية في أفريقيا. واختتمت الدراسة بأن أظهرت أزمة مالي تراجع الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية عن تنفيذ المهام والأنشطة التي طالما أكدت أن الأفريكوم ستقوم بها، كما زادت مخاوف الدول الأفريقية بشأن الهدف الحقيقى للرغبة الأمريكية في وجود هذه القيادة فوق أراضى إحدى الدول الأفريقية، وهذا الأمر قوبل بالرفض من طرف جميع الدول الأفريقية. كما توصلت الدراسة إلى أن الأزمة المالية أثبتت أن هذه القيادة لاتبحث عن حلول للمشاكل التي يعانيها العديد من دول القارة، بل على العكس من ذلك تكون هي جزءاً من المشكل، وأن الهدف من إنشائها هو الرغبة في السيطرة الأمريكية على جميع مناطق العالم. كُتب هذا المستخلص من قِبل دار المنظومة 2018
Journal Article