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"Husky"
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Eagles over Husky
In the summer of 1943, the United Nations began Operation HUSKY, the invasion of Sicily. The Eagles over HUSKY – the airmen of the Allied air forces – played a crucial role in the assault. The Luftwaffe and Regia Aeronautica provided a significant part of the Axis force meant to defend the island and throw the Allies back into the sea. The Allied air forces foiled this effort and inflicted losses on a German Air Force badly needed on other fronts. Raids on mainland Italian railway transport crippled Axis resupply efforts. The same strikes brought pressure on the Italian state to denounce Fascism and join the Allied side. Army commanders relied heavily on tactical air power to destroy Axis forces in Sicily. The result was a strategic victory which forced Nazi Germany to stand alone in defense of southern Europe. Most histories of the campaign focus on the escape of German forces across the Strait of Messina. Eagles over Husky challenges the notion that the Allied militaries bungled total victory in Sicily. It assesses one of the greatest air battles of the Second World War. This is a topic that has been relatively unexamined by historians of the campaign, who tend to focus on army matters. Eagles over Husky tells the integrated story of the air war waged during the Battle of Sicily. The author draws upon experiences, perspectives, and sources from both Allied and Axis camps to inform the analysis and enhance the narrative.
eBook
Child of the wolves
Rather than be sold, Granite, a husky puppy, runs away into the Alaskan wilderness and is taken in by a wolf that has lost her pups.
Book
The Impact of LiDAR Configuration on Goal-Based Navigation within a Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework
Over the years, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has shown great potential in mapless autonomous robot navigation and path planning. These DRL methods rely on robots equipped with different light detection and range (LiDAR) sensors with a wide field of view (FOV) configuration to perceive their environment. These types of LiDAR sensors are expensive and are not suitable for small-scale applications. In this paper, we address the performance effect of the LiDAR sensor configuration in DRL models. Our focus is on avoiding static obstacles ahead. We propose a novel approach that determines an initial FOV by calculating an angle of view using the sensor’s width and the minimum safe distance required between the robot and the obstacle. The beams returned within the FOV, the robot’s velocities, the robot’s orientation to the goal point, and the distance to the goal point are used as the input state to generate new velocity values as the output action of the DRL. The cost function of collision avoidance and path planning is defined as the reward of the DRL model. To verify the performance of the proposed method, we adjusted the proposed FOV by ±10° giving a narrower and wider FOV. These new FOVs are trained to obtain collision avoidance and path planning DRL models to validate the proposed method. Our experimental setup shows that the LiDAR configuration with the computed angle of view as its FOV performs best with a success rate of 98% and a lower time complexity of 0.25 m/s. Additionally, using a Husky Robot, we demonstrate the model’s good performance and applicability in the real world.
Journal Article
From “Husky” to “Bulldog”– behavioural correlates between castration and breed groups in the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
Neutering dogs is a widespread method and is carried out for various behavioural and husbandry reasons. This study’s main objective is to investigate the behavioural correlations between neutering and the breed of male dogs. In order to possibly find breed-dependent differences in the behaviour of intact and castrated dogs, a differentiation between two clades - the “Huskies“(chow chow, shar pei, akita/shiba inu, alaskan malamute, siberian/alaskan husky) and the “Bulldogs” (german boxer, english/french bulldog, old english mastiff, boston terrier, english bull terrier, staffordshire bull terrier, american staffordshire terrier), based on Parker et al. [
1
], was made.
Using an online questionnaire,, 31 neutered and 37 intact male dogs from the clade “Huskies“ and 30 neutered and 38 intact male dogs from the clade “Bulldogs”, participated in the study (N = 136).The survey included detailed questions on the dogs’ personality and any associated issues as well as a behavioural anamnesis. Further questions relating to four of the “big five” personality dimensions based on the “Budapest questionnaire” by Turcsán et al. from 2011 [
2
] were also added.
The results show, that neutered males from both breed clades more frequently displayed aggression toward humans than intact males (multinomial logistic regression,
p
= 0.002). When it came to aggression towards other dogs, it was the “Huskies” that differed significantly from the “Bulldogs“(multinomial logistic regression,
p
= 0.04) with being more aggressive. There were also significant differences in stress-related behaviour depending on castration status and breed (multinomial logistic regression,
p
< 0.001; Cramer’s V = 0.33) and only the castration status had an impact on the significance (multinomial logistic regression,
p
< 0.001). The analysis also revealed significance for stress-indicating behaviour with dependence on neutering status (multinomial logistic regression,
p
< 0.001) and showed that stress as well as uncertainty are significantly more common in neutered dogs depending on breed and neutering status (multinomial logistic regression,
p
< 0.001; Cramer’s V = 0.42), in that only neutered “Bulldogs“ were stressed, but more “Huskies“ overall.
According to the Budapest questionnaire data, the “Bulldog” clade had considerably greater extraversion scores overall (ordinal regression,
p
< 0.001) than the “Huskies“.
Our findings highlight the risks and potential negative effects of neutering. Gonadectomy in no way substitutes for the dog receiving the necessary socialization, training, or bonding. Although in some circumstances it might have a favourable impact on the dog’s behaviour, it should not be seen as a panacea for unwanted behaviour. Given that not all behaviours are influenced by sex hormones, every castration decision must be weighed up individually.
Journal Article
Between Patton and Montgomery
This article explores the role and importance of General Patton’s unofficial British liaison officer, Col. Robert Henriques, during Operation Husky, July–August 1943. In so doing, it sheds further light upon some of the most famous disputes between the Allies and highlights the importance of liaison and the consequences of its relative dearth to Anglo–American relations during the campaign. Henriques experience and involvement also reveal a small part of the Allies use of special forces during the campaign. Overall, Henriques role and experience provide a valuable and detailed perspective on Operation Husky.
Journal Article
Prevalence of Dal blood type and dog erythrocyte antigens 1 and 4 among canine blood donors and recipients in Seoul, South Korea
Background
The demand for blood transfusions in veterinary medicine is increasing in South Korea, particularly for canine patients. While dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 is a known cause of acute hemolytic reactions, previous studies have underscored the involvement of DEA 4 and Dal. However, research on these crucial antigens remains limited in South Korea compared to North America and Europe, resulting in a knowledge gap concerning transfusion risks. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of the Dal and DEA 1 and 4 blood types among canine blood donors and recipients in Seoul. Residual blood samples were collected from 105 donor and recipient dogs admitted to the Konkuk Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital between April and September 2023. The DEA type 1 blood type was identified using immunochromatographic strip technology, while Dal and DEA 4 blood types were determined through agglutination reactions on specialized test cards.
Results
Among the 105 dogs, 74 (70.48%) tested positive for DEA 1, 97 (92.38%) were DEA 4-positive, and 81 (77.14%) were Dal-positive. Some breeds not previously associated with Dal-negative outcomes, including nine Labrador Retrievers, five Golden Retrievers, a Shepherd, a Siberian Husky, an American Bully, a Miniature Poodle, and a Pungsan dog, tested negative for Dal on agglutination tests. Similarly, three Labrador Retrievers, three Golden Retrievers, one Samoyed, and one Doberman Pinscher tested negative for DEA 4. Larger breeds generally exhibited a lower prevalence for all tested blood types. The prevalence of DEA 1 observed in this study (70.48%) is consistent with prior studies; however, Dal and DEA 4 exhibited lower prevalence rates than those reported in Europe and North Americas, with Dal at 77.14% (compared to 89.3–100%) and DEA 4 at 92.38% (compared to 98.8–100%). Notably, breeds such as Labrador Retrievers, the most represented breed in our sample, exhibited low prevalence, suggesting that they may be an optimal donor in Seoul.
Conclusion
The distributions of DEA 1, DEA 4, and Dal blood types may reveal distinct prevalence patterns in Seoul, South Korea, possibly due to geographical differences, as existing data primarily reflect findings from European and North American.
Journal Article
Ocular and Superficial Body Thermographic Findings in Sled Dogs before and after Competition
Competitions involving sled dogs are rapidly growing and body temperature assessment could represent a prompt and non-invasive method of screening for potential pathological conditions during or after activity. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate if thermography is able to monitor the pre- and post-competition ocular and superficial body temperature variations during a sled dog competition. It subsequently compared the data relating to the ocular temperatures in different race types: mid-distance (30 km) and sprint (≤16 km). Results showed a statistically significant increase in post-competition ocular temperature of both eyes, regardless of the length of the race. The relative increase in the temperatures of the other body surfaces was lower than the expected values, probably due to the influence of environmental and subjective factors such as the type of coat of the Siberian Husky or subcutaneous fat. Infrared thermography has therefore proved to be useful method in sled dog competition conditions for screening superficial temperature variations, as the investigation is normally conducted in an external environment and often in demanding work conditions.
Journal Article
The Influence of Breed, Sex, Origin and Housing Conditions on Undesirable Behaviors in Ancient Dog Breeds
Abnormal repetitive behaviors often pose problems for dog owners. Such behaviors are considered undesirable if they pose a nuisance or a danger to humans. Ancient dog breeds are intelligent, sociable, active, boisterous and need regular outdoor exercise, but are also independent and reluctant to follow commands. This study aimed to identify factors (breed, sex, origin, housing conditions) and situations that contribute to undesirable behaviors, such as aggression towards humans and other dogs/animals, separation anxiety, excessive vocalization, and oral and locomotion behaviors in Akita, Alaskan Malamute, Basenji, Samoyed and Siberian husky. Undesirable behaviors in dogs were analyzed based on the results of 897 questionnaires. Breed influenced aggressive behavior towards other dogs/animals, aggression towards humans, undesirable oral and locomotion behaviors, and excessive vocalization. Aggressive behaviors were more prevalent in females than in males. Housing conditions were linked with aggression towards other dogs/animals, aggression at mealtime, and excessive vocalization. Undesirable behaviors were most frequently reported in Akitas, Siberian huskies and Samoyeds, and they were more prevalent in males than in females and dogs living indoors with or without access to a backyard. Aggressive behaviors towards other dogs and animals, excessive vocalization and undesirable motor activities posed the greatest problems in ancient dog breeds.
Journal Article
Low alanine aminotransferase activity gene variant in a Siberian Husky with copper-associated hepatopathy
Background
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is commonly used as a marker of hepatocellular injury. Increased serum ALT activity due to hepatocyte injury occurs in copper-associated hepatopathy (CuCH) and other necroinflammatory liver conditions. Blood ALT concentrations are frequently used to monitor therapy in cases of CuCH. Low serum ALT activities have been associated with an allele at a CFA13 locus.
Case presentation
A 9-year-old female spayed Siberian Husky was diagnosed with CuCH (hepatic copper dry weight 2680 µg/g [normal, 120–400 µg/g; toxic, > 1500 µg/g]) and a normal ALT (78 U/L; reference range, 10–125 U/L). Mild hepatocellular necrosis was evident histologically. Genetic testing (Embark) revealed that the dog was heterozygous for the low ALT activity gene allele.
Conclusions
This case report illustrates the clinical implications for diagnosing and managing necroinflammatory liver disease such as CuCH in dogs with a low ALT activity genotype.
Journal Article