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The question of whether electricity consumption (ELE) influences GDP, or vice versa, at the national and international levels, has been the subject of intense analysis by the academic community without a clear answer. Furthermore, additional subnational analyses are lacking to understand the underlying heterogeneity. This paper seeks to understand the dynamics between ELE and GDP in the States of Mexico between 1994 and 2024. After applying diagnostic tests such as cross-sectional dependence, panel unit roots, slope homogeneity, and cointegration, we employ advanced panel cointegration techniques, specifically cointegrating regressions (FMOLS and DOLS) and factor-augmented techniques (CUP-BC and CUP-FM), which we use as robust estimators. The empirical findings indicate a positive long-run association between ELE and GDP in most of the States in Mexico; however, the size of the estimated coefficients varies substantially across them (1.32 for Campeche and 0.103 for Michoacán). The factor-augmented estimators confirm that ELE has a coefficient of around 0.3. In addition, this analysis adopts a heterogeneous non-Granger test to understand short-run causalities. This test shows that ELE causes GDP only in Coahuila, Tlaxcala, and Sinaloa, and GDP causes ELE in Campeche and Yucatán, with weak evidence for Chihuahua and Puebla. However, at the panel level, we obtained weak support for the growth hypothesis between ELE and GDP, whereas strong support for the neutrality hypothesis prevails. Overall, the findings suggest that subnational energy policies should account for State-specific factors relevant to long-term growth and sustainability goals. These results have important implications for State policy design, suggesting the need for State-specific approaches rather than one-size-fits-all solutions.

We discuss a conjecture of Shokurov on the semi-ampleness of the moduli part of a general fibration.

We prove existence and unicity of slope-stable vector bundles on a general polarized hyperkähler (HK) variety of type \\(K3^{[n]}\\) with certain discrete invariants, provided the rank and the first two Chern classes of the vector bundle satisfy certain equalities. The latter hypotheses at first glance appear to be quite restrictive, but, in fact, we might have listed almost all slope-stable rigid projectively hyperholomorphic vector bundles on polarized HK varieties of type \\(K3^{[n]}\\) with \\(20\\) moduli.

For decades, waxing and waning, there has been an ongoing debate on the values and problems of the ubiquitously used null hypothesis significance test (NHST). With the start of the replication crisis, this debate has flared-up once again, especially in the psychology and psychological methods literature. Arguing for or against the NHST method usually takes place in essays and opinion pieces that cover some, but not all the qualities and problems of the method. The NHST literature landscape is vast, a clear overview is lacking, and participants in the debate seem to be talking past one another. To contribute to a resolution, we conducted a systematic review on essay literature concerning NHST published in psychology and psychological methods journals between 2011 and 2018. We extracted all arguments in defense of (20) and against (70) NHST, and we extracted the solutions (33) that were proposed to remedy (some of) the perceived problems of NHST. Unfiltered, these 123 items form a landscape that is prohibitively difficult to keep in one’s sights. Our contribution to the resolution of the NHST debate is twofold. 1) We performed a thematic synthesis of the arguments and solutions, which carves the landscape in a framework of three zones: mild, moderate, and critical. This reduction summarizes groups of arguments and solutions, thus offering a manageable overview of NHST’s qualities, problems, and solutions. 2) We provide the data on the arguments and solutions as a resource for those who will carry-on the debate and/or study the use of NHST.

In the debate about the merits or demerits of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), authorities on both sides assume that the p value that a researcher computes is based on the null hypothesis or test hypothesis. If the assumption is true, it suggests that there are proper uses for NHST, such as distinguishing between competing directional hypotheses. And once it is admitted that there are proper uses for NHST, it makes sense to educate substantive researchers about how to use NHST properly and avoid using it improperly. From this perspective, the conclusion would be that researchers in the business and social sciences could benefit from better education pertaining to NHST. In contrast, my goal is to demonstrate that the p value that a researcher computes is not based on a hypothesis, but on a model in which the hypothesis is embedded. In turn, the distinction between hypotheses and models indicates that NHST cannot soundly be used to distinguish between competing directional hypotheses or to draw any conclusions about directional hypotheses whatsoever. Therefore, it is not clear that better education is likely to prove satisfactory. It is the temptation issue, not the education issue, that deserves to be in the forefront of NHST discussions.

1. IntroductionIt is widely recognized that human resources are the most crucial factor in patients' outcomes. Prior studies have identified the determinants of patients' outcomes as hospital policies regarding all hospital staff, but no work has been done to identify the characteristics of healthcare providers that are beneficial to patients' outcomes. This study intended to fill that gap by examining the relationship between healthcare providers' motivation and patients' outcomes. The fundamental hypothesis guiding this study is that healthcare providers' motivation is an important determinant of the service they provide to patients and of the patients' postsurgical outcomes. The growing interest of practitioners and the academic community in the issues of motivation signals the existence of a connection between motivation and productivity. Because of that, theoretical discussions of motivation emphasize a positive association between motivation and outcomes. However, this hypothesis has been rarely tested. The reason for the scarce empirical work might be that patients' outcomes are attributed to a variety of factors, such as patients' lifestyle, biological factors, and the work of many healthcare providers that influence the patients in the rest of the variables. The relationship between motivation and outcomes is masked due to the many contributory factors. We try to distinguish this relationship in one very specific element of the provision of healthcare services: the connection between healthcare providers and patients with respect to the department's services.MethodsTo highlight the relationships between levels of healthcare providers' motivation (i.e., basic needs, job crafting, calling to care, and self-care) with patient outcomes, an exploratory research design was applied. Fifty-four healthcare professionals (HCPs) working mainly in a day unit, distributed across four different academic hospitals, took part in different group development sessions. The outcome of this study was measured at two different points in time, with a one-year interval.ConclusionTo sum up, our study confirms that not only is there a link between the different types of motivation, as defined in organizational psychology theory, and patients’ outcomes, but also that this link is modified by the setting or specialty the hospital departments are in charge of. As professional motivation could become the focal point for policy design on health workforce retention in their current positions. For instance, by stimulating autonomy and competence needs, hospital administrators in charge of management and motivation of the health workforce should be able to create ideal work conditions. Moreover, since these relations are more or less driven by the hospital departments’ specificity, policy designs should also consider the qualitative and resource needs specific to hospital specialist areas. This could be of special interest in order to face the critical issue of human resources for health in current times, when the majority of industrialized countries are discussing the proposed reforms and the possible efficiencies within the cuts to the health budget. The fact that for healthcare personnel in hospitals it is more important how their work achievement affects the well-being of the patients and not their own satisfaction and comfort seems to be crucial and widely accepted, but it still requires coherent implementation.

This paper explores our proposal’s conceptual depth and implications for the hypothesis generation as conditional. To do so, we will contrast it mainly with reading passages from one of the paradigmatic presentations of hypothesis generation: the work of C.S. Peirce. Indeed, in his work, the notion of hypothesis gains a relevant place from a logical point of view. In particular, we will focus on (i) showing that “hypothesis” in Peirce can hardly be identified with just a section of the rule that subsumes the surprising case and (ii) we will show that the proposed hypotheses generation as conditionals allows for a complementary and enlightening reading of his idea of abduction.