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Plastic pollution is a ubiquitous global environmental problem. Plastic ingestion by seabirds is an increasing issue even in remote areas, such as the Arctic, yet research and monitoring of plastic ingestion in Arctic seabird populations is limited, and there are large knowledge gaps for many geographic regions. There is currently no standard technique for monitoring plastic debris in the Arctic, making it difficult to compare studies and monitor global trends. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of plastic ingestion by seabirds in the Arctic. We analyzed 38 published records that report plastic ingestion by seabirds in the Arctic region. Of the 51 seabird species examined for plastic ingestion in the Arctic, over half have ingested plastic; however, the majority have a limited number of studies, small sample sizes, and (or) data are more than 15 years old. Additionally, the spatial distribution of plastic ingestion reports in the Arctic varies widely, with large knowledge gaps in the northernmost areas of most countries. This indicates that we lack recent information on plastic ingestion for most of the seabird species in the Arctic. Further, less than one-third of studies reference standardized methods from other regions, making it difficult to assess spatial and temporal trends. Long-term monitoring programs should be established in the Arctic to obtain an accurate assessment of plastic ingestion by seabirds in this region. La pollution par le plastique est un probleme environnemental mondial omnipresent. L’ingestion de plastique par les oiseaux marins est un probleme croissant, meme dans des regions eloignees comme l’Arctique. Pourtant, la recherche et la surveillance de l’ingestion de plastique par la population d’oiseaux marins de l’Arctique sont limitees et il existe des lacunes importantes dans les connaissances pour plusieurs regions geographiques. Il n’y a actuellement aucune technique standard de surveillance des debris de plastique en Arctique, ce qui rend difficiles la comparaison des etudes et le suivi des tendances mondiales. Les auteurs font ici la synthese de l’etat des connaissances sur l’ingestion de plastique par les oiseaux marins en Arctique. Ils ont analyse 38 publications qui rapportent une ingestion de plastique par les oiseaux marins de la region arctique. Sur les 51 especes d’oiseaux marins examinees quant a l’ingestion de plastique en Arctique, plus de la moitie ont ingere du plastique, bien que la majorite de ces publications rapportent un nombre limite d’etudes, de petites tailles d’echantillons ou des donnees datant de plus de 15 ans. Par ailleurs, la distribution spatiale des rapports sur l’ingestion de plastique en Arctique varie grandement, avec d’importantes lacunes dans les connaissances des regions de l’extreme nord dans la plupart des pays. Cela indique que nous manquons d’information recente sur l’ingestion de plastique pour la majorite des especes d’oiseaux marins en Arctique. De plus, moins d’un tiers des etudes font reference a des methodes standardisees d’autres regions, ce qui rend difficile l’evaluation des tendances spatiales et temporelles. Des programmes de surveillance a long terme devraient etre etablis en Arctique afin d’obtenir une evaluation precise de l’ingestion de plastique par les oiseaux marins dans cette region.

This paper presents a comprehensive integrative framework for measuring the performance of customer relationship management (CRM) system based on a detailed empirical study of 32 Iranian internet service provider (ISP) firms. At first, by an extensive literature review and experts who have real practical experiences in the field of CRM, appropriate key performance indicators (KPIs) based on four perspectives of balanced scorecard have been extracted. Then, due to the interdependency and feedback among these KPIs, multiple criteria decision making techniques are used to evaluate CRM performance. Specifically, this study first applies the decision making trial and evaluation laboratory approach to determine the interrelated relationships among criteria, and to find the crucial central and influential factors. Then, the analytical network process method is used to obtain the criterion weights. Finally, according to these previous results, the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution method is adopted to analyze the CRM performance of 32 Iranian ISP firms. The results of this study illustrated that learning and growth is the most crucial influential perspective and it would influence on the other perspectives much more. Furthermore, indicators including organization capital, human capital, customer retention process, customer perceived value, and customer expansion process play an essential role in succeeding of CRM. The results of this study can provide a comprehensive insight for managers into discerning how and through which mechanisms CRM can create merits for the organizations.

As cyber-space has become increasingly important for human activities, and intelligent algorithms are widely used in cyber-space, we are rapidly entering an intelligent society. Now, algorithmic enforcement and regulations of law have posed non-negligible issues. As algorithmic enforcement of copyright law was introduced earlier than that of other laws, it provides a helpful observation perspective. The worldwide practice of copyright enforcement has gradually departed from traditional “safe harbor provisions, ” and has emphasized prior examination of shared contents uploaded by Internet service providers’ (ISPs) users through the following three dimensions: automated infringement detection algorithms voluntarily used by the ISPs, heavier judicial liability of ISPs, and updated legislation principles. Thus, innovations and development have stimulated new mechanisms and regulations for enforcing copyright in cyberspace. Algorithmic enforcement of copyright law in an intelligent society is essential and meaningful. The copyright regulation mechanisms should be guided by jurisprudential principles and concepts featuring the principles of (a) legitimate and efficient flow of information, (b) balance between and among algorithmic power, public power and private rights, (c) boosting the sharing economy and the new gig economy, and (d) promoting social governance philosophy of “coconstruction, co-governance and sharing.” These principles are meaningful for creation of a new mechanism for balancing interests between ISPs and their users, and for introducing the pluralistic co-governance mechanism beyond simply practicing “filtering obligations.” In addition, these principles are significant for improving a certification with credibility of copyright status and ownership, and for advancing a mechanism for online collegiate-panel dispute resolution.

This book suggests an ecosystem approach to broadband policy that could help in the design of strategies, policies, and programs that support network expansion, have the potential to transform economies, improve the quality and range of services, enable application development, and broaden adoption among users. To identify emerging best practices to nurture this ecosystem, this volume analyzes the Republic of Korea and other leading broadband markets. It identifies three building blocks to support the growth of the broadband ecosystem: defining visionary but flexible strategies, using competition to promote market growth, and facilitating demand. An important but often neglected building block is demand facilitation. This includes raising awareness about the benefits of broadband and improving affordability and accessibility for the largest number of users. Successful countries have often focused on creating a suite of useful applications that increase the relevance of broadband to the widest base of users. Programs to mainstream information and communication technology (ICT) use in education, health, or government have been common.

In the highly competitive landscape of Malaysian internet service providers (ISPs), users seek efficient ways to assess service quality. While various websites allow visual comparisons of fiber ISPs, a direct side-by-side evaluation remains elusive. A survey of 101 respondents revealed that 92.1% found researching a company's reputation time-consuming. Additionally, relying on English-centric online ratings may lead to skewed outcomes, disregarding reviews in diverse languages. In response, we developed a web-based dashboard utilizing Twitter sentiment analysis (SA) and the naive Bayes (NB) algorithm to classify Malaysia's best fiber ISPs. The SA focused on four key factors: package price, internet speed, coverage area, and customer service, simplifying the comparison process. The system's usability and functionality tests showed that both the English and Malay models could classify scraped Twitter data with an accuracy of 80%. The system's remarkable usability score of 94.58% on the system usability scale (SUS) confirms its acceptability and excellent performance in achieving research goals.

In the space of two decades, Tencent Holdings Ltd. has become China's most valuable company and Asia’s largest conglomerate. But with Chinese authorities stepping up scrutiny of the internet sector and cracking down on monopolies, it's not clear if the WeChat owner will still have the same freedom to expand. Bloomberg Television's David Ingles reports. (Source: Bloomberg).

U.S. Steel's Big River 2 mill in Osceola is recognized as Arkansas' biggest economic development endeavor ever at $3 billion. Without data centers like the one planned for West Memphis, there would be no \"cloud\" to power the video streaming, social media, e-commerce and advanced artificial intelligence that shape the modern world. Entergy's Driver Solar project provides a big hunk of the steel mill's wattage, and Brown said Google is partnering with Arkansas' largest electric utility to cover the full costs of the data center's power use.