Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
505
result(s) for
"International and municipal law China."
Sort by:
Application with Internet of things technology in the municipal industrial wastewater treatment based on membrane bioreactor process
Anoxic–oxic process is also called anaerobic aerobic process and used widely with the membrane bioreactor (MBR) for wastewater treatment, particularly in China, thanks for their high efficiency, good-quality permeate and easy operation. However, because the content of the feed wastewater fluctuates in a large range and the operation condition of the system needs to be controlled accurately, it is very important to find an efficient way to constantly monitor the nodes of the system, and adjust the operation parameters, including the quantities used in the chemical treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to use Internet of things technology (IOT) sensing and control equipment to realize the dynamic monitoring of sewage treatment process parameters, so as to serve the drug delivery and equipment online control. This study introduces an application case based on IOT sensor control and supporting maintenance business. Through the practical application of this technology in an environmental protection sewage treatment enterprise in Wuxi, this study introduces a method of bringing the IOT into the MBR system of industrial wastewater treatment which can continuously and accurately monitoring the nodes of the system. Based on this study, an analysis and decision-making system based on real-time monitoring data can be realized to adjust operation parameters in time. In this method, the IOT is introduced into the MBR system of industrial wastewater treatment. The results show that with the support of IOT, the sewage treatment system runs stably and the treatment efficiency is significantly improved.
Journal Article
Water usage efficiency and productivity change: a non-convex metafrontier Malmquist index
This paper uses a non-convex metafrontier approach to study the temporal evolution and the productivity change in the water usage efficiency of 91 countries during the period 2015–2020. A circular three-stage Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) production process is considered. The non-radial Directional Distance Function (DDF) is used to compute the system efficiency as well as that of the three stages. Three sets of NDEA models are solved: contemporaneous group, intertemporal group and intertemporal metafrontier. The corresponding Malmquist index and its decomposition into efficiency change, best practice gap change and technology gap change is computed for each country and averaged for each world region. The results found indicate that water usage inefficiency seems to be limited to a relatively small number of countries and is due to shortfalls in the gross value added and treated municipal wastewater dimensions. The inefficiency in gross value added actually shows an upward trend. The inefficiency in the water withdrawal and treated municipal wastewater dimensions have remained approximately constant during this period while the inefficiency in produced municipal wastewater have decreased slightly. As regards productivity change, most regions had a negative evolution during this period. Central Asia and Middle East-Western Asia are the exception to this trend and their productivity improvement is mostly due to an improvement in their best practice gap and, to a lesser extent, in their technology gap ratios.
Journal Article
Two dragon heads : contrasting development paths for Beijing and Shanghai
In broad terms, the sources of economic growth are well understood, but relatively few countries have succeeded in effectively harnessing this knowledge for policy purposes so as to sustain high rates of growth over an extended period of time. Among the ones that have done so, China stands out. Its gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate, which averaged almost 10 percent between 1978 and 2008, is unmatched. Even more remarkable is the performance of China's three leading industrial regions: the Bohai region, the Pearl River Delta, and the Yangtze River (Changjiang) delta area. These regions have averaged growth rates well above 11 percent since 1985. Shanghai is the urban axis of the Yangtze River Delta's thriving economy; Beijing is the hinge of the Bohai region. Their performance and that of a handful of other urban regions will determine China's economic fortunes and innovativeness in the coming decades. The balance of this volume is divided into five chapters. Chapter two encapsulates the sources of China's growth and the current and future role of urban regions in China. The case for the continuing substantial presence of manufacturing industry for growth and innovation in the two urban centers is made in chapter three. Chapter four briefly examines the economic transformation of four global cities and distills stylized trends that can inform future development in Beijing and Shanghai. Chapter five describes the industrial structure of the two cities, identifies promising industrial areas, and analyzes the resource base that would underpin growth fueled by innovation. Finally, chapter six suggests how strategy could be reoriented on the basis of the lessons delineated in chapter four and the economic capabilities presented in chapter five.
eBook
Study on application of fuzzy control model in phosphate removal system of sewage water
The precise input of flocculant and coagulant aid into phosphate wastewater is a key problem to degrade the phosphate content in sewage water and make the total phosphates and suspended pollutants in sewage water reach the discharged standard. In this paper, a new method combining fuzzy control technology with wastewater treatment control system was proposed to establish an automatic control system suitable for phosphates removal treatment. Based on experiment data and current experience, the membership function and fuzzy rules were set up, and the fuzzy control technology was obtained with simulation analysis, and the efficient treatment of sewage water was realized. It can be seen from the results that the fuzzy control technology can be applied to the phosphate removal control system for treating sewage water, and the standard of stable, accurate and efficient sewage treatment system can be established.
Journal Article
Nationwide Mass Appraisal Modeling in China: Feasibility Analysis for Scalability Given Ad Valorem Property Tax Reform
The Chinese government has stated its intention of introducing an annual property tax since 2003, but, while selecting six pilot cities for experimenting with the viability of a mass appraisal system rollout, has not yet adopted this policy. The Shenzhen Center for Assessment and Development of Real Estate was founded to facilitate the process of piloting the viability of property taxes--an initiative that coincided with the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy's initial involvement in China in 2003 (with the International Property Tax Institute [IPTI], ESRI Canada, and others)--and to provide expertise in topics ranging from property tax and municipal finance to public land management and land expropriation. The long-standing intention to roll out property tax, allied with significant capacity building, begs the questions, why has there not been more progress to date, and are there any fundamental barriers to policy adoption? This paper seeks to contribute to understanding this issue by assessing the feasibility of creating computer-assisted mass appraisal (CAMA) and automated valuation models (AVMs) in China and their respective capability to conform to IAAO valuation standards, with implications for scalability across national and regional markets.
Journal Article
Fiscal Reform and the Economic Foundations of Local State Corporatism in China
In the 1980s fiscal reform in China provided localities with strong incentives and a heightened capacity to pursue industrial growth. As a result, local governments have responded vigorously to economic reform, managing rural collective-owned enterprises as diversified corporations, with local officials performing the role of a board of directors. This article analyzes the incentives that have led to the development of this form of local state corporatism and rapid rural industrialization, and it describes the ways in which local governments coordinate economic activity and reallocate revenues from industrial production. These developments are important for two reasons: they show that local government involvement in the economy does not necessarily decline with the expansion of market coordination; and they offer a successful model of reform that serves as a counterpoint to privatization proposals.
Journal Article
Identity Insecurity and the Tibetan Resistance Against China
This article re-examines the five-decade-old Tibetan struggle against Chinese rule, asking what drives this multifaceted resistance. It argues that identity insecurity has been at the heart of the Tibetan struggle, and takes a position against the problematic practice in both the academic
literature and popular discourse of treating Chinese policies and practices as security-driven and the Tibetan struggle as motivated by ethno-nationalistic impulses. It charts the vigorous contestation within the Tibetan diaspora between those standing for complete independence and others
who are satisfied with \"greater autonomy\" and examines the multifaceted resistance inside Tibet. It also recognizes the unifying effects of the widespread loyalty to the Dalai Lama and fears for the survival of Tibetan identity. The article also examines the links between Tibet and its diaspora.
All these themes are developed while demonstrating the security rationale behind the Tibetan struggle.
Journal Article