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Interrogration, intelligence and security : controversial British techniques
Examines the origins and effects of the use of interrogation techniques known as the 'five techniques'. Through its in-depth analysis, the book reveals how British forces came to use such controversial methods in counter-insurgency, counter-terrorism and internal security contexts. This book will be of particualr interest to security professionals, academics and members of the public interested in the torture debate, intelligence, the military, counter-insurgency, counter-terrorism, foreign policy and law enforcement. -- P. [4] of cover.
Book
Optical Interrogation Techniques for Nanophotonic Biochemical Sensors
The manipulation of light via nanoengineered surfaces has excited the optical community in the past few decades. Among the many applications enabled by nanophotonic devices, sensing has stood out due to their capability of identifying miniscule refractive index changes. In particular, when free-space propagating light effectively couples into subwavelength volumes created by nanostructures, the strongly-localized near-fields can enhance light’s interaction with matter at the nanoscale. As a result, nanophotonic sensors can non-destructively detect chemical species in real-time without the need of exogenous labels. The impact of such nanophotonic devices on biochemical sensor development became evident as the ever-growing research efforts in the field started addressing many critical needs in biomedical sciences, such as low-cost analytical platforms, simple quantitative bioassays, time-resolved sensing, rapid and multiplexed detection, single-molecule analytics, among others. In this review, the optical transduction methods used to interrogate optical resonances of nanophotonic sensors will be highlighted. Specifically, the optical methodologies used thus far will be evaluated based on their capability of addressing key requirements of the future sensor technologies, including miniaturization, multiplexing, spatial and temporal resolution, cost and sensitivity.
Journal Article
The dark side : the inside story of how the war on terror turned into a war on American ideals
In the days immediately following September 11th, the most powerful people in the country were panic-stricken. Radical decisions about how to combat terrorists and strengthen national security were made in a state of chaos and fear, but the key players, Vice President Cheney and his powerful, secretive adviser David Addington, used the crisis to further a long-held agenda to enhance presidential powers to a degree never known in U.S. history, and obliterate Constitutional protections that define the very essence of the American experiment. This is a dramatic account of how the United States made terrible decisions in the pursuit of terrorists around the world--decisions that not only violated the Constitution, but also hampered the pursuit of Al Qaeda. Whatever the short-term gains, there were incalculable losses in terms of moral standing, our country's place in the world, and its sense of itself.--From publisher description.
Argument deception and its persuasive effect, Anecdotes Al-Bahlul, as an example
In this research we will try to trace the mechanisms and methods (deceitful and pilgrims) that Bahlul used to achieve his goals, and to communicate his ideas to the surrounding and society, by researching the tagged (Argument deception and its persuasive effect, Anecdotes of Al-Bahlul, for example) and to find out what Al-Bahlul tried to obtain from his work and why. According to the requirements of the topic, the research came in the form of paragraphs that began with the pilgrim deception and its divisions, and then the study of the pilgrim deception through dialogue and controversy, and then the study of the pilgrim deception through exhortation and counseling, followed by ways to achieve this through encouragement and intimidation, and how Bahlul exploited this to achieve his goal and demand, and from Then the argumentative deception by using some linguistic elements, including the interrogation and metaphor. The first was achieved through multiple questioning, and the work of a kind of intensification and accumulation of interrogative methods, and then tracing the metaphor in which Bahlul coexisted from the first metaphor in which he had his own life above his reed, so he was the crazy sane who had solutions for everything that encountered His method of dilemmas, and then following up on what emerged from this method in his stories, in which the metaphor was broadcast through his discussions and controversies. Then a conclusion we showed the most important results that emerged through the research, then the research margins and a list of sources and references._
Journal Article
Phylogenomic incongruence, hypothesis testing, and taxonomic sampling
Phylogenomic studies using genome-wide datasets are quickly becoming the state of the art for systematics and comparative studies, but in many cases, they result in strongly supported incongruent results. The extent to which this conflict is real depends on different sources of error potentially affecting big datasets (assembly, stochastic, and systematic error). Here, we apply a recently developed methodology (GGI or gene genealogy interrogation) and data curation to new and published datasets with more than 1000 exons, 500 ultraconserved element (UCE) loci, and transcriptomic sequences that support incongruent hypotheses. The contentious non-monophyly of the order Characiformes proposed by two studies is shown to be a spurious outcome induced by sample contamination in the transcriptomic dataset and an ambiguous result due to poor taxonomic sampling in the UCE dataset. By exploring the effects of number of taxa and loci used for analysis, we show that the power of GGI to discriminate among competing hypotheses is diminished by limited taxonomic sampling, but not equally sensitive to gene sampling. Taken together, our results reinforce the notion that merely increasing the number of genetic loci for a few representative taxa is not a robust strategy to advance phylogenetic knowledge of recalcitrant groups. We leverage the expanded exon capture dataset generated here for Characiformes (206 species in 23 out of 24 families) to produce a comprehensive phylogeny and a revised classification of the order.
Journal Article
Consequence : a memoir
This \"is the story of Eric Fair, a kid who grew up in the shadows of crumbling Bethlehem Steel plants nurturing a strong faith and a belief that he was called to serve his country. It is a story of a man who chases his own demons from Egypt, where he served as an Army translator, to a detention center in Iraq, to seminary at Princeton, and eventually, to a heart transplant ward at the University of Pennsylvania\"--Amazon.com.
Book
Le co-travail. Entre précariat et flexibilité dans des milieux hyper-technicisés
Cet article porte sur une analyse des espaces de co-travail (en anglais coworking ) dans la société. Nous proposons une interrogation sur leur essaimage progressif dans la société. L’analyse fait ressortir deux dynamiques liées à ces milieux de travail : le précariat, et la flexibilité à l’ère du travail indépendant. Elle est réalisée à partir d’une enquête de terrain socio-communicationnelle qui explore l’un de ces espaces à partir d’observations et d’entretiens qualitatifs issus de notre travail de thèse, et à travers une posture interactionniste critique afin de mettre en avant plusieurs enjeux. Enfin, nous montrons comme résultats, qu’au delà des discours enchanteurs et de promotions de ces milieux de travail hypertechnicisés, demeurent des logiques de précarités, de flexibilité pour les travailleurs indépendants avec une utilisation intensive des TIC.
Journal Article
The dark side : the inside story of how the war on terror turned into a war on American ideals
In the days immediately following September 11th, the most powerful people in the country were panic-stricken. Radical decisions about how to combat terrorists and strengthen national security were made in a state of chaos and fear, but the key players, Vice President Cheney and his powerful, secretive adviser David Addington, used the crisis to further a long-held agenda to enhance presidential powers to a degree never known in U.S. history, and obliterate Constitutional protections that define the very essence of the American experiment. This is a dramatic account of how the United States made terrible decisions in the pursuit of terrorists around the world--decisions that not only violated the Constitution, but also hampered the pursuit of Al Qaeda. Whatever the short-term gains, there were incalculable losses in terms of moral standing, our country's place in the world, and its sense of itself.--From publisher description.
Book
Accountability in artificial intelligence: what it is and how it works
Accountability is a cornerstone of the governance of artificial intelligence (AI). However, it is often defined too imprecisely because its multifaceted nature and the sociotechnical structure of AI systems imply a variety of values, practices, and measures to which accountability in AI can refer. We address this lack of clarity by defining accountability in terms of answerability, identifying three conditions of possibility (authority recognition, interrogation, and limitation of power), and an architecture of seven features (context, range, agent, forum, standards, process, and implications). We analyze this architecture through four accountability goals (compliance, report, oversight, and enforcement). We argue that these goals are often complementary and that policy-makers emphasize or prioritize some over others depending on the proactive or reactive use of accountability and the missions of AI governance.
Journal Article