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"Legitimation"
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Ascending India and its state capacity : extraction, violence, and legitimacy
India's ascent as a formidable power on the world stage and its geopolitical ramifications have received much attention in recent years. This comprehensive study by Sumit Ganguly and William Thompson, two highly distinguished scholars of political science and international relations, delves into the intricate inner workings of this great Asian nation to reveal an Indian state struggling to maintain national security, domestic order, and steady fiscal growth despite weaknesses in its economic and political institutions. The authors' sobering account questions India's perceived strengths and domestic and foreign policy initiatives, while focusing on the South Asian giant's infrastructural and economic growth problems, opposition to reform, and other important hurdles the nation has faced and will continue to face over the coming decade and beyond.-- Provided by Publisher.
Book
DEMOKRATISCHE LEGITIMATION ZWISCHEN STAATSORGANISATIONSRECHT UND GRUNDRECHTLICHEM TEILHABEANSPRUCH
Die Verfassungsrechtsprechung und weite Teile des verfassungsrechtlichen Schrifttums gehen davon aus, dass alle Bürgerinnen und Bürger einen Anspruch auf Teilhabe an der demokratischen Legitimation der in Deutschland ausgeübten Hoheitsgewalt haben. Der folgende Beitrag rekonstruiert zunächst dieses Art. 38 Abs. 1 Satz 1 GG entnommene Grundrecht auf Legitimationsteilhabe, indem er die legitimationsbezogene Verdrängungsrüge von der kompetenzbezogenen Entleerungsrüge der Wahlberechtigten unterscheidet und darlegt, dass beide Rügen auf unterschiedlichen Begründungssträngen und Prämissen beruhen. Anschließend werden die beiden praktisch relevanten Spielarten des Legitimationsteilhaberechts – das Grundrecht auf Teilhabe an der Legitimation der europäischen Hoheitsgewalt als Abwehrrecht gegen ultra vires-Akte der Unionsorgane und das Grundrecht auf Teilhabe an der verfassungsgebenden Gewalt des Volkes als Abwehrrecht gegen identitätswidrige Rechtsakte der Unionsorgane – analysiert und das auf die deutsche Staatsgewalt bezogene Legitimationsteilhaberecht als bloße Prämisse ohne operative Konsequenzen sichtbar gemacht. Auf dieser Grundlage wird das Grundrecht auf Legitimationsteilhabe kritisch hinterfragt, wofür wegen seiner zentral auf die Menschenwürde gestützten Herleitung verfassungstheoretische und verfassungsrechtliche Überlegungen angestellt werden. Dabei erweist sich die verbreitete Annahme einer Übertheoretisierung der Verfassungsrechtsprechung als unzutreffend: Namentlich, aber nicht allein im Hinblick auf das repräsentative Demokratiemodell des Grundgesetzes erweist sie sich vielmehr als deutlich untertheoretisiert. Der Beitrag kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass sich ein Grundrecht auf Legitimationsteilhabe verfassungstheoretisch denken lässt, aber nicht Bestandteil des geltenden Verfassungsrechts der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist.
Journal Article
Direkte innerparteiliche Demokratie in der parlamentarischen Demokratie: Das Beispiel der Mitgliederpartei SPD
Parlamentarische Demokratien können in aller Regel als Parteiendemokratien charakterisiert werden, da Parteien in vielerlei Hinsicht als zentrale Akteure der politischen Willensbildung, der Rekrutierung von Amts- und Mandatsträgern und bei der Ausübung von Macht sind. Innerparteiliche Demokratie trägt dabei zur Stabilität und Legitimation von demokratischen Prozessen insgesamt bei. In jüngster Vergangenheit lassen sich bei vielen Parteien vermehrt Anstrengungen zur Einführung von basisdemokratischen Elementen finden. Der Beitrag diskutiert am Beispiel der SPD die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von direkter Demokratie in Parteien und zeigt auf, dass trotz der medial mit großer Aufmerksamkeit verfolgten Mitgliederentscheiden zur Koalitionspolitik der Partei die SPD weiterhin als gremienbasierte Mitgliederpartei des elektoralen Modells zu gelten hat, die nur gelegentlich und erratisch auf basisdemokratische Verfahren zurückgreift.
Journal Article
Deconstructing the Outsider Puzzle: The Legitimation Journey of Novelty
The proposition that outsiders often are crucial carriers of novelty into an established institutional field has received wide empirical support. But an equally compelling proposition points to the following puzzle: the very same conditions that enhance outsiders’ ability to make novel contributions also hinder their ability to carry them out. We seek to address this puzzle by examining the contextual circumstances that affect the legitimation of novelty originating from a noncertified outsider that challenged the status quo in an established institutional field. Our research case material is John Harrison’s introduction of a new mechanical method for measuring longitude at sea—the marine chronometer—which challenged the dominant astronomical approach. We find that whether an outsider’s new offer gains or is denied legitimacy is influenced by (1) the outsider’s agency to further a new offer, (2) the existence of multiple audiences with different dispositions toward this offer, and (3) the occurrence of an exogenous jolt that helps create a more receptive social space. We organize these insights into a multilevel conceptual framework that builds on previous work but attributes a more decisive role to the interplay between endogenous and exogenous variables in shaping a field’s shifting receptiveness to novelty. The framework exposes the interdependencies between the micro-, meso-, and macro-level processes that jointly affect an outsider’s efforts to introduce novelty into an existing field.
The e-companion is available at
https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1161
.
Journal Article
How Multinational Banks in India Gain Legitimacy: Organisational Practices and Resources Required for Implementation
Liability of foreignness (LOF) refers to the difficulties and additional costs that multinational enterprises face when they operate in a foreign market. Rooted in institutional theory, extant literature has discussed isomorphism, transference, and sociopolitical activism as legitimation strategies to counteract LOF. This view relates to the macro level of firm and society, assumes passivity of subsidiaries, and neglects implementation of these strategies. Consequently, this paper aims at complementing this restrictive view through a qualitative study to explore how French multinational banks respond to LOF challenges in India, an adverse institutional environment typical of emerging markets but also unique due to strong economic nationalism and cultural traditions. As such, the present article contributes to the institutional research stream by (1) presenting an empirical investigation at the micro level of subsidiary organisational practices to operationalise legitimation strategies in managerial terms; (2) revealing rhetoric proactive strategies beyond the passive or reactive paths identified previously; and (3) discussing the internal implications of implementing legitimation strategies directed at external recipients within the intraorganisational network of multinational banks, using the resource-based view.
Journal Article
What is land? Assembling a resource for global investment
The so-called global land rush has drawn new attention to land, its uses and value. But land is a strange object. Although it is often treated as a thing and sometimes as a commodity, it is not like a mat: you cannot roll it up and take it away. To turn it to productive use requires regimes of exclusion that distinguish legitimate from illegitimate uses and users, and the inscribing of boundaries through devices such as fences, title deeds, laws, zones, regulations, landmarks and story-lines. Its very 'resourceness' is not an intrinsic or natural quality. It is an assemblage of materialities, relations, technologies and discourses that have to be pulled together and made to align. To render it investible, more work is needed. This Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers Plenary Lecture uses an analytic of assemblage to examine the practices that make up land as a resource. It focuses especially on the 'statistical picturing' devices and other graphic forms that make large-scale investments in land thinkable, and the practices through which relevant actors (experts, investors, villagers, governments) are enrolled. It also considers some of the risks that follow when these large-scale investments land in particular places, as land they must.
Journal Article
The Presentation of Self as Good and Right: How Value Propositions and Business Model Features are Linked in the Sharing Economy
The sharing economy as an emerging field is characterized by unsettled debates about its shared purpose and defining characteristics of the organizations within this field. This study draws on neo-institutional theory to explore how sharing organizations position themselves vis-à-vis such debates with regard to (1) the values these organizations publicly promote to present themselves as \"good\" sharing organizations and (2) the business model features they make visible to appear as having the \"right\" organizational model. This study examines the online self-representations of 62 prototypical sharing organizations in Germany with regard to value propositions and business model features. A semantic network analysis of the features reveals two distinct categories of sharing organizations: grassroots initiatives and platform-based organizations. By showing how value propositions and business model features are linked in the sharing economy, the findings indicate the different legitimation strategies of grassroots initiatives and platform-based organizations, which we term \"sustainability by model\" and \"sustainability by feature.\" These findings broaden our understanding of the strategies that organizations apply to cope with societal expectations in the emerging sharing economy.
Journal Article
Claiming the right to rule: regime legitimation strategies from 1900 to 2019
Governments routinely justify why the regime over which they preside is entitled to rule. These claims to legitimacy are both an expression of and shape of how a rule is being exercised. In this paper, we introduce new expert-coded measures of regime legitimation strategies (RLS) for 183 countries in the world from 1900 to 2019. Country experts rated the extent to which governments justify their rule based on performance, the person of the leader, rational-legal procedures, and ideology. They were also asked to qualify the ideology of the regime. The main purposes of this paper are to present the conceptual basis for the measure, describe the data, and provide convergent, content, and construct validity tests for new measures. Our measure of regime legitimation performs well in all these three validation tests, most notably, the construct validity exercise which explores commonly held beliefs about leadership under populist rule.
Journal Article
Regime legitimation,elite cohesion and the durability of autocratic regime types
We present a theory that addresses the question of why autocracies with a regime legitimation which ties the destiny of the members of the ruling elite, namely the nobility or ¡deocratic elite, to the survival of the autocracy, namely (ruling) monarchies and communist ideocracies, are more durable than other kinds of autocracies. Using logistic regression analysis and event history analysis on a dataset on autocratic regimes in the period 1946 to 2009, we are able to show that ruling monarchies and communist ideocracies are indeed the most durable autocratic regime types.
Journal Article