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Assessment of the private health sector in the Republic of Congo
This country assessment is part of a set of studies planned in order to provide a better understanding of how to improve the business environment in which the private sector operates in Congo and other African countries. The assessment was conducted in order to establish a baseline of information, to help with political decision-making and provide market information. The private health sector assessment in the Republic of Congo provides a diagnosis of the nature and the effectiveness of the interface between the public and private sectors, establishes a dialogue on policy with stakeholders, and makes recommendations for reform that would bolster public and private involvement. The methodology is based on a supply and demand approach to identify market, policy and institutional barriers, and options for reducing these barriers by changing policies and initiatives. The information pertaining to demand reveals how users perceive private providers and their potential. The information pertaining to supply gives a better understanding of the role that private providers play and the challenges they encounter. The institutional information shows how Congo's institutions have facilitated or hampered the private participation. The study methodology includes the following aspects: (i) presentation of the general context of the private health sector in Congo, (ii) multidimensional analysis of demand, (iii) multidimensional analysis of supply, and (iv) analysis of institutional context. Options for action presented in this report include (i) policy and governance initiatives, (ii) regulatory initiatives, (iii) incentive initiatives, and (iv) concrete measures for public-private partnerships (PPP) in the health sector-- Source other than Library of Congress.
Book
Flexible Development Programs for Antibacterial Drugs to Address Unmet Medical Needs
The US Food and Drug Administration recognizes the unmet medical need for antibacterial drugs to treat serious bacterial diseases caused by resistant pathogens for which effective therapies are limited or lacking. The agency also recognizes that designing and conducting clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of drugs to treat resistant infections is challenging, especially for drugs only active against a single or a few bacterial species, and that a more flexible development program might be appropriate. In this article, we discuss several regulatory considerations for flexible development programs for antibacterial drugs intended to meet an unmet medical need. As an example, we use the recent approval of sulbactam for injection and durlobactam for injection (XACDURO) for the treatment of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia caused by susceptible isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex.
Journal Article
Analysis of the Quality and Quantity of Antiepileptic Drugs Required in Communities during Large-Scale Disasters: Focused on a Small Local City in Japan
The Tohoku earthquake off the Pacific coast in March 2011 led to massive medical requirements. Although the availability of drugs is essential in the disaster-affected area, a shortage of drugs and a lack of supply of drugs were reported. Moreover, in Japan, there are concerns regarding the occurrence of a large-scale earthquake, such as the Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake, in the near future. Therefore, drug requirements in a disaster-affected area need to be determined in advance. This study uses national health insurance data (KDB), which are medical big data, to determine the drug requirements in the region from insurance claim information. This study focuses on epilepsy as the target disease and determines the quantity and quality of antiepileptic drugs required in the region via analysis.
Journal Article
Health economics
This book introduces students to the growing research field of health economics. Rather than offer details about health systems without providing a theoretical context, Health Economics combines economic concepts with empirical evidence to enhance readers' economic understanding of how health care institutions and markets function. The theoretical and empirical approaches draw heavily on the general field of applied microeconomics, but the text moves from the individual and firm level to the market level to a macroeconomic view of the role of health and health care within the economy as a whole. The book takes a global perspective, with description and analysis of institutional features of health sectors in countries around the world. This second edition has been updated to include material on the U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, material on the expansion of health insurance in Massachusetts, and an evaluation of Oregon's Medicaid expansion via lottery. The discussion of health care and health insurance in China has been substantially revised to reflect widespread changes there. Tables and figures have been updated with newly available data. Also new to this edition is a discussion of the health economics literature published between 2010 and 2015. The text includes readings, extensive references, review and discussion questions, and exercises. A student solutions manual offers solutions to selected exercises. Downloadable supplementary material is available for instructors. -- Provided by publisher.
Book
Assessment of Young Children with Special Needs
Assessment of Young Children with Special Needs, Second Edition helps prepare teachers for the task of evaluating the skills of infants, toddlers, and preschool children with developmental delays and those considered at risk to experience developmental delays or difficulties.
A child's environment is a critical consideration when focusing on assessment, and authors Susan Benner and Joan Grim explore the important issues of family resources, health, multidimensional environmental influences, economic deprivation, and domestic violence on infant and child development. This textbook conveys a sense of respect for parents, the powerful influence assessment results can and do have in the lives of young children with special needs, and an understanding of the complexity of child development, progression, and measurement. This book sets the tone for important values and beliefs to honor throughout one's professional life.
This fully revised edition addresses recent legislation, updated versions of assessment, and the newest assessment tools that teachers will come across. The popular full-length case studies of the first edition have been updated, and vignettes of other cases are fully integrated across chapters, bringing the text alive with meaning. Assessment of Young Children with Special Needs, Second Edition now includes expanded discussion on progress monitoring and response to intervention, functional behavioral analysis, pros and cons of norm-referenced testing, web-based gathering tools, ELL students, and screening for autism.
eBook
A parent's guide to high-functioning autism spectrum disorder : how to meet the challenges and help your child thrive
\"Packed with real-life stories and everyday problem-solving ideas, this book has given many tens of thousands of parents the facts they need about high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including Asperger syndrome. The authors are leading experts who describe ways to work with these kids' unique impairments and capabilities so they can grow into happy, self-sufficient adults. Parents learn practical strategies for helping their son or daughter relate more comfortably to peers, learn the rules of appropriate behavior, and succeed in school. The book also discusses what scientists currently know about ASD and how it is diagnosed, as well as what treatments and educational supports have been shown to work. Updated with the latest research, resources, and clinical strategies, the second edition clearly explains the diagnostic changes in DSM-5\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Unmet non-medical needs of cancer patients in Poland: a quantitative and qualitative study
Purpose
Cancer itself and its treatment have a multifaceted impact on patients’ daily lives. The aim of the study was to determine unmet non-medical needs among Polish cancer patients.
Methods
Survey research using a 23-item Needs Evaluation Questionnaire (NEQ) was carried out among 1062 cancer patients from different regions of Poland. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed.
Results
The quantitative analysis showed that 48% of the NEQ items (11/23) were expressed as unmet needs by at least half of patients. Unmet information needs were indicated by patients most often: information about their diagnosis, exams, treatment, future condition, funding and economic support. Cancer patients would like to get more attention from medical staff. Unmet needs were most frequently expressed by respondents who were men, with a lower level of education, living in village, pensioners. Qualitative analysis showed that each need may be understood in a variety of different ways across the cohort. Some patients added comments that the completing NEQ helped them to notice their non-medical needs.
Conclusion
Polish cancer patients have some unmet non-medical needs, especially informative needs.
Journal Article
Underserved and socially disadvantaged groups and linkages with health and health care differentials
The contributors to this latest volume of Research in the Sociology of Health Care investigate macro-level system issues and micro-level issues involving the socially disadvantaged and underserved. Looking specifically at the factors impacting on health and health care differentials, this book is an examination of the health and health care issues of both patients and providers of care in the United States and around the globe. Chapters focus on linkages to policy, population concerns and patients and providers of care as ways to meet health care needs. -- Provided by publisher.
Book
America's Health Care Safety Net
America's Health Care Safety Net explains how competition and cost issues in today's health care marketplace are posing major challenges to continued access to care for America's poor and uninsured. At a time when policymakers and providers are urgently seeking guidance, the committee recommends concrete strategies for maintaining the viability of the safety net-with innovative approaches to building public attention, developing better tools for tracking the problem, and designing effective interventions. This book examines the health care safety net from the perspectives of key providers and the populations they serve, including:
Components of the safety net-public hospitals, community clinics, local health departments, and federal and state programs.
Mounting pressures on the system-rising numbers of uninsured patients, decline in Medicaid eligibility due to welfare reform, increasing health care access barriers for minority and immigrant populations, and more.
Specific consequences for providers and their patients from the competitive, managed care environment-detailing the evolution and impact of Medicaid managed care.
Key issues highlighted in four populations-children with special needs, people with serious mental illness, people with HIV/AIDS, and the homeless.
eBook