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"Night photography."
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The influence of camera trap flash type on the behavioural reactions and trapping rates of red deer and roe deer
Camera traps have become an important tool in wildlife monitoring. However, an issue in interpreting their data in statistical analyses of population densities, demography or behaviour is that the probability of detecting the target animals and their behaviours may vary depending on environmental and methodological factors. A specific problem is the type of flash used in the camera trap, as animals may react differently to different flash types and change their avoidance or habituation behaviour accordingly over time. Here, we provide the first systematic test of the impact of flash type in studies of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), based on an analysis of behavioural responses to white, standard infrared and black flashes during 900 camera trap deployments in the Bavarian Forest National Park and the Northern Black Forest. The results revealed that both deer species were more likely to react to standard infrared than to black flash, but trigger delays prevented comparisons to white flash. Red deer reacted more frequently to camera traps than did roe deer, and responses were more common in the Northern Black Forest than in the Bavarian Forest National Park, where hunting is severely restricted. Contrary to our expectations, camera trapping rates of free‐ranging deer did not significantly decline over time for any flash type or species. Despite the lack of evidence for avoidance behaviour, we recommend the use of black flash for behavioural studies of deer populations to minimize the risk of introducing a source of disturbance whereas infrared and white flash are equally suitable for determinations of demographic parameters.
We analysed the behavioural responses of red deer and roe deer to white, standard infrared and black flashes during 900 camera trap deployments in two different study areas. Both species responded more frequently to standard infrared flash than to black flash, but roe deer showed considerably fewer reactions than red deer. Irrespective of flash type and species, we found no evidence for camera trap avoidance.
Journal Article
Dark city
'Dark city' is a natural sequel to Lynn Saville's colour photographs in Night/Shift (Monacelli, 2009). Her work in that book made her, in the words of Arthur C. Danto, \"the Atget of vanishing New York, prowling her city at the other end of the day, picking up pieces of the past in the present, just before it is swallowed in shadows.\" This book is a further exploration of the urban landscape at dusk and dawn, with a new focus on the effects of the recent economic turmoil on New York and other American cities. Shuttered stores and empty lots in city centers and fringe areas alike reveal a haunting and disquieting beauty. Occasionally, a person or the artist herself is visible as a ghosted image or shadow. Photographs in 'Dark city' also counter-balance signs of loss with a more optimistic message. They reveal a natural cycle of decay and rebirth in urban ecology, as objects such as ladders and brooms signal that the work of renewal is under way. 'Dark city' is ultimately a dynamic and ongoing dialogue between defined place and empty space that will fascinate general readers and urban specialists alike.
Book
City Lights
A symbol of massive crowds and solitary desires, the city holds promise for all those that pass through it. Its meandering streets, unexplored neighbourhoods and incessant noise create a landscape that captivates the observer. The lights of the city can conceal or reveal it, transforming its appearance hour by hour, offering countless facets to the passer-by. While the light of morning pulls the city from its torpor and renews it for the dawning day, the nocturnal illumination plunges the pedestrian into the strangeness of its mysteries, creating a striking and ephemeral beauty. Between the shadow and the light, these original photographs reveal the fragile glow of the city, and help us rediscover the eternal pulse of these great capitals, simultaneously surprising and sublime.
eBook
Andrâeas Lang : âEclipse
In astronomy the word \"eclipse\" describes the phenomenon of one brightly lit heavenly body covering another. It was an eclipse in 2006 that inspired photographer Andrâeas Lang to create his cycle of landscapes related to early Christianity and the Crusades in the Middle East, Turkey, Syria, Israel, and Palestine. His analogue works of art, most of them in black-and-white, are distinguished by a profound, almost metaphysical darkness. They track the fateful, tragic sites of European history, where the spirit of the past blends atmospherically with the present. Influenced by Romanticism, especially the paintings of Caspar David Friedrich, Lang?s photographs also pose humanity?s great questions. Exhibition: Guardini Galerie, Berlin, Germany (22.01. - 18.04.2019).
Book
Les lumières de la ville
Symbole de promiscuité et de désirs solitaires, la ville est une promesse pour tous ceux qui s'y promènent. Ses rues alambiquées, ses quartiers anonymes et ses bruits incessants sont autant de paysages qui attirent l'innocent. Ses lumières qui la voilent, la fardent et la dévoilent, la transforment d'heure en heure, offrant au passant mille et un visages.Si les lumières matinales tirent la ville de sa torpeur et l'offrent virginale au jour naissant, ses éclairages nocturnes plongent à nouveau le chaland dans l'étrangeté de ses mystères, dont la beauté est tant visuelle qu'éphémère.Entre l'ombre et la lumière, les photographies inédites de ce très bel ouvrage dévoilent l'arborescence fragile des lumières citadines et nous font redécouvrir l'éternité de ces grandes capitales, aussi sublimes qu'étonnantes.
eBook
San Francisco noir
\"In this beautiful homage to San Francisco, dim headlights, blinking neon signs, and pale moonbeams illuminate foggy streets; dark shadows obscure the faces of lurking figures; and flickering candles and bright camera flashes lure us into crowded, intimate nightclubs. Legendary photographer Fred Lyon invites readers to revel in the rich character of the city he has documented for over seventy-five years. The cinematic glamour of a mysterious bygone era mingles with gritty, poignant daily moments, revealing a view of San Francisco as only Lyon could capture.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Frank Relle, Photographer
Critics and collectors have described Frank Relle's architectural night photographs as Southern Gothic allegories focused on the relationship between the rich and poor. These images highlight the dichotomies of light and shadow, man and nature, past and present, prosperity and decay. This collection of images, The New Orleans Nightscapes, is a group of photographs lit by a combination of high-pressure sodium, mercury vapor, and daylight-balanced hot lights. Shooting song exposures and using these multiple lighting sources creates for distinct color combinations and a sense of stillness with moving elements.
Journal Article
London nights
Fusing portraiture, documentary, conceptual photography and film, 'London Nights' will reveal the city after dark through photographs ranging from the late 19th century to the present day. Drawing from the Museum's extensive collection and loaned works, 50 artists, including: Alvin Langdon Coburn, Bill Brandt, Rut Blees Luxemburg, Tish Murtha and Nick Turpin, will be represented through over 200 works.0'London Nights' will take readers on a dramatic, nocturnal study of the capital. From the unexplored to the imagined, from Soho to Sydenham, see stunning images of a city illuminated by limited natural and artificial light. Uncover the more threatening side of night-time London, and see how Londoners work, rest and play when the sun goes down in one of the biggest metropolises in the world.
Book
Retinex-Based Relighting for Night Photography
The lighting up of buildings is one form of entertainment that makes a city more colorful, and photographers sometimes change this lighting using photo-editing applications. This paper proposes a method for automatically performing such changes that follows the Retinex theory. Retinex theory indicates that the complex scenes caught by the human visual system are affected by surrounding colors, and Retinex-based image processing uses these characteristics to generate images. Our proposed method follows this approach. First, we propose a method for extracting a relighting saliency map using Retinex with edge-preserving filtering. Second, we propose a sampling method to specify the lighting area. Finally, we composite the additional light to match the human visual perception. Experimental results show that the proposed sampling method is successful in keeping the illuminated points in bright locations and equally spaced apart. In addition, the proposed various diffusion methods can enhance nighttime skyline photographs with various expressions. Finally, we can add in a new light by considering Retinex theory to represent the perceptual color.
Journal Article